Dendrobium

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Read about Dendrobium in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

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Dendrobium
Dendrobium lindleyi
Dendrobium lindleyi
Plant Info
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Dendrobieae
Subtribe: Dendrobiinae
Genus: Dendrobium
Sw, 1799

Species
1190 species;
see List of Dendrobium species

Dendrobium Swartz is a large genus of tropical orchids that consists of about 1200 species. The genus occurs in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, including the Philippines, Borneo, Australia, New Guinea and New Zealand. The name is from the Greek dendron (meaning tree) and bios (meaning life).

The species are either epiphytic, growing on a tree, or occasionally lithophytic, growing over a rock. They have adapted to a wide variety of habitats, from the high altitudes in the Himalayan mountains to lowland tropical forests and even to the dry climate of the Australian desert.

The orchids in this genus often develop pseudobulbs, which unite into a long reedlike stem with a typical length of more than 30 cm. Some appear densely covered with short white hairs. The short, ovate leaves grow alternately over the whole length of the stems. The axillary flower buds develop into short flower stalks with one or two terminal flowers. The orchids grow quickly throughout summer, but take a long rest during winter. In the spring, new shoots are formed from the base of the main plant and the dormant buds come back into action. The blooming flowers are found on pseudobulbs formed in the previous year.

Some species are in great demand by orchid lovers. This has resulted in numerous varieties and hybrids, such as the Dendrobium nobile varieties, which have greatly extended the range of colors of the original flower from the Himalayas.

Kimilsungia, one of the national flowers of North Korea, is the cultivar Dendrobium 'Kim il Sung'.

Taxonomical Work

In 1981, Briegar reclassified all terete leaved Dendrobiums from Australia and New Guinea into a new genus, Dockrillia.

The sole New Zealand representative, Dendrobium cunninghamii has now been moved into a monotypic genus, Winika.

In 1989, Clements upgraded D. speciosum complex into individual species[1].

Species with a common name

Dendrobium chrysotoxum

  • Cooktown orchids Dendrobium bigibbum

  • Dendrobium delacourii

  • Dendrobium x delicatum (a natural hybrid)

  • Dendrobium densiflorum

  • Dendrobium densiflorum x farmeri pink (a hybrid)

  • Dendrobium fuerstenbergianum

  • Dendrobium hercoglossum

  • Dendrobium kingianum

  • Dendrobium Mini Brown (a man-made hybrid)

  • Dendrobium nobile

  • Dendrobium parishii

  • Dendrobium unicum

  • Dendrobium thysiflorum.jpg

  • Painting of a typical Dendrobium, by I. V. Passmoore; probably the hybrid Dendrobium Lucky Seven

References

  • [1] Clements MA (1989) Catalogue of Australian Orchidaceae. Australian Orchid Research 1: 1–62.

External links

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