Populus deltoides
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Populus > |
Read about Populus deltoides in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture
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Populus deltoides, Marsh. (P. deltoidea, Auth.). Southern Cottonwood. Carolina PopLar. Large native tree with deeply furrowed or ridged dark- colored or gray- brown bark in mature specimens, and a deliquescent habit (top breaking up into many strong branches of about equal importance), the branches wide-spreading and the top relatively thin and open: branchlets usually terete except on very strong shoots: lvs.large, triangular-ovate, very broad in proportion to their length, mostly truncate or nearly straight on the base, abruptly acuminate, coarsely crenate-dentate with mostly curved sinuses, but the margin plane or flat, the petiole long, much flattened near the blade and commonly with 2 or 3 glands at the top, the stipules small and falling early: catkins long and loosely fld., the scales large, dilated at apex and filiform-lobed; stamens 40-60; stigmas and placentae 3 or 4: fr. an ovoid acute caps. Generally distributed from Que. to the plains region and south to Md. and possibly farther. S.S. 9:494, 495.— A variable group; although familiarly known, the specific characters are not clearly defined. The species takes on somewhat unlike forms in the S. and N. and W. Marshall meant to designate the southern form, which has the following characters (P. deltoidea var. missouriensis, Henry. P. angulata, Auth., not Ait. P. deltoidea var. angulata, Sarg.): twigs angled: lvs. deltoid-ovate. 5-6 in. wide and about the same length, at the base shallowly cordate or truncate, at the apex short - acuminate and cuspidate, when young and even to midsummer pubescent on both surfaces and petiole; margins sinuate-dentate, the teeth few and coarse and with incurved tips; basal glands 3 or 4. S. E. U. S. and in the Mississippi Valley, from Mo. southward.deltoides Var. monilifera, Henry (as P. deltoidea var. monilifera. P. monilifera, Ait.). Northern Cottonwood. Figs. 3134- 3137. Twigs usually not angled: lvs. smaller, on average normal shoots about 3-4 in. wide and of similar length, glabrous on both surfaces and petiole (or only a few evanescent hairs along midrib and nerves), the basal glands usually 2. Canada to Pa. and probably farther south. Some of the cult, forms of this group are fairly distinct in foliage and aspect, and they appear to be associated with particular horticultural names in the nurseries. A golden-lvd. tree is known as var. Van Geertii or var. aurea (really a form of P. serotina). This is one of the best of yellow-lvd. trees, and generally holds its color throughout the season. Like all trees of this unusual character, it should be used cautiously, and the best effects are obtained when it is planted against a group of trees so as to appear as if naturally projecting from the other foliage. Some of the most ornamental specimens of cottonwood are those with reddish lf.-stalks and midribs. Taking all things into consideration, the cottonwood is one of the best of the poplars for general ornamental planting. It grows rapidly and in almost every soil; and yet it possesses elements of strength and durability which most of the poplars lack. Its foliage is always bright and glossy, and the constant movement of the broad rich green lvs. gives it an air of cheeriness which few trees possess. This tree or P. Sargentii has been much used on the prairies and in western towns, much too abundantly for goad landscape effects. The rapid growth of the tree gives a feeling of luxuriance to plantations even when most other trees appear to be weak or starved. The cottonwood thrives best on rather low lands, and yet it is generally an admirable tree for high and drier areas. Spontaneous forms of introduced hybrids have probably been confused with P. deltoides deltoides obscuring the definition of the species, as, particularly, P. Eugenei and P. angulata.A poplar in Mont, and Idaho allied to this species has been provisionally referred to P. Besseyana, Dode (Bull. Torr. Club, 39:302). The lf.-bases are rounded or subcuneate and more or less serrate; glands small; petioles flattened. "In P. Sargentii, the lvs. are flabelate-cordate, with an open concave sinus at base, which is toothless. The lvs. much resemble P. acuminata but are broader and less cuneate at the base, and in the latter species the petioles are terete." It is probable, however, that P. Besseyana, Dode, is P. angilata, Ait. CH
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Read about Populus deltoides in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture
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syn. Populus angulata, Ait. Hybrid Carolina Poplar. For more than a century considered to be a native tree in the S., although by most botanists not clearly separated from P. deltoides, but Aiton's original specimens are interpreted by Henry to represent a hybrid of P. deltoides and P. nigra var. typica; similar forms are known in Europe and are planted in this country: known in both sexes: strong-growing tree with mostly prominently ridged or angled branchlets: lvs. triangular-ovate, always longer than broad, at the base truncate or more or less cordate, at the apex acute or short-acuminate, at maturity glabrous and firm in texture but slightly pubescent when young, glands 2-6 at base of blade or on apex of petiole, the margin except at apex with narrow translucent border, crenate-glandu- lar and ciliate with the teeth close together; petiole flattened: catkins 2-3 in. long, with small cucullate or concave-dentate (not filiform-lobed) scales; stamens 30-40. Henry suggested that the floral characters (as seen in Aiton's type) may be a mutation under European conditions, inasmuch as catkins with the scales of the species described by Aiton appear not to have been identified from the wild in N. Amer.; but later he has proposed the hypothesis of the hybrid origin and this seems to go far toward clearing up the difficulties of this perplexing group. The tree is still recognized as cult, in England and France, where ,it was known as early as 1750. In general, the longer-than-broad lvs. which are merely acute or short-acuminate rather than long-acuminate, and with deeply cordate or truncate base, distinguish this form. It is a loose open grower, with nothing of the strict narrow shape of the common Carolina poplar of the streets, which is probably P. Eugenei. It is hardy in N. Y. How extensively P. angulata occurs as a planted tree in N. Amer, should be made a subject of inquiry.
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References
- Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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