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Ilex latifolia

2010-05-30T23:59:12Z

Farfromhere001:

{{SPlantbox
|familia=Aquifoliaceae
|genus=Ilex
|species=latifolia
|taxo_author=Thunb.
|common_name=Tarajo Holly
|habit=tree
|lifespan=perennial
|features=evergreen
|Temp Metric=°F
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
|image=Ilex latifolia2.jpg
|image_width=180
}}
'''''Ilex latifolia''''' ('''Tarajo Holly''' or '''Tarajo''') is a species of [[holly]], native to southern [[Japan]] ([[Shizuoka Prefecture]] south to [[Kyūshū]]) and eastern and southern [[China]] ([[Jiangsu]] south to [[Fujian]] and west to [[Yunnan]]), growing in broadleaf forests at altitudes of 200–1,500 m.<ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?19734 ''Ilex latifolia'']</ref><ref name=yf>Yuanlin Flora: [http://www.yuanlin.com/flora/HTML/Info/2006-4/Yuanlin_Flora_159.HTML ''Ilex latifolia''] (in Chinese); [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=zh-CN&u=http://www.yuanlin.com/flora/HTML/Info/2006-4/Yuanlin_Flora_159.HTML&sa=X&oi=translate& google translation]</ref><ref name=jp>Japan Plants: [http://www.mitomori.co.jp/hanazukan2/hana2.7.227tarayo.html ''Ilex latifolia''] (in Japanese); [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ja&u=http://www.mitomori.co.jp/hanazukan2/hana2.7.227tarayo.html&sa=X&oi=translate& google translation]</ref><ref name=pfaf>Plants for a Future: [http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Ilex+latifolia ''Ilex latifolia'']</ref>

[[Image:Ilex latifolia3.jpg|left|thumb|Foliage, showing pale underside of leaves, one leaf showing the dark upper side]]
It is a small to medium-sized [[evergreen]] [[tree]] growing to 10–20 m tall with a trunk up to 60 cm diameter. The [[bark]] is dark brown, with a rough surface. The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, broad lanceolate to ovate-oblong, 8–24 cm long and 4–8 cm broad (among the largest of any species of holly), glossy dark green above, paler below, with a thick, leathery texture and serrated (but not spiny) margins. The [[flower]]s are yellowish-green, with a four-lobed corolla, produced in late spring; it is [[plant sexuality|dioecious]], with male and female flowers on separate trees. The [[fruit]] is a [[drupe]] 7 mm diameter, ripening orange-red to dark red in winter, and containing four [[seed]]s; they are often produced in dense clusters on the stems.<ref name=yf/><ref name=jp/><ref name=jt>Japanese Treeflowers: [http://treeflower.la.coocan.jp/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex%20latifolia/Ilex%20latifolia.htm ''Ilex latifolia'']</ref><ref name=bj>Botanic Japan: [http://www.botanic.jp/plants-ta/tarayo.htm ''Ilex latifolia''] (in Japanese); [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ja&u=http://www.botanic.jp/plants-ta/tarayo.htm&sa=X&oi=translate& google translation]</ref><ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.</ref>

It is cultivated as an [[ornamental tree]].

Ilex latifolia leaves are made into tea in Asia, The fruit and/or seed is used as a coffee substitute.Ilex latifolia also plays a lesser role in the production “Kudingcha Tea”

{{Inc|
Ilex latifolia, Thunb. Tree, sometimes to 60 ft., glabrous: lvs. oval to oblong-lanceolate or- obovate- oblong, acuminate, serrate, glossy green above, 3-7 in. long; petiole about ½ in. long: fr. red, Hm. across, short-stalked, in dense clusters. June. Japan. B.M. 5597. S.I.F. 1:62.—One of the most beautiful hollies.
}}

==Cultivation==

===Propagation===

===Pests and diseases===

==Varieties==

==Gallery==

<gallery perrow=5>
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
Image:Upload.png| photo 3
</gallery>

==References==
<references/>
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963




==External links==
*{{wplink}}

{{stub}}
__NOTOC__

Ilex kudingcha

2010-05-30T23:58:02Z

Farfromhere001: Created page with 'Ilex kudingcha is used in Asia to produce a type of “Tea” known as “Kudingcha”, “Ku Ding Cha” or sometimes “Kudincha”.'

Ilex kudingcha is used in Asia to produce a type of “Tea” known as “Kudingcha”, “Ku Ding Cha” or sometimes “Kudincha”.

Ilex tarapotina

2010-05-30T23:57:14Z

Farfromhere001: Created page with 'Ilex tarapotina is used in northern Peru to make a special type of “Maté” known as “Té O’ Maté” which is said to produce unknown effects.'

Ilex tarapotina is used in northern Peru to make a special type of “Maté” known as “Té O’ Maté” which is said to produce unknown effects.

Holly

2010-05-28T21:55:37Z

Farfromhere001:

{{SPlantbox
|familia=Aquifoliaceae
|genus=Ilex
|taxo_author=L.
|Temp Metric=°F
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
|image=Ilex-aquifolium (Europaeische Stechpalme-1.jpg
|image_width=240
|image_caption=European Holly (''Ilex aquifolium'') leaves and fruit
}}
'''Holly''' ('''''Ilex''','' {{pron-en|ˈaɪlɛks}})<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> is a [[genus]] of approximately 600 [[species]] of [[flowering plant]]s in the [[family (biology)|family]] '''Aquifoliaceae''', and the only living genus in that family.

[[Image:Hollyflowers.jpg|thumb|left|Hollies (here, ''[[Ilex aquifolium]]'') are dioecious: (above) shoot with flowers from male plant; (top right) male flower enlarged from female plant; (lower right) female flower enlarged, showing stamen and reduced, sterile stamens with no pollen.]]

[[Image:Holly in Winter.jpg|thumb|A holly bush with a lone red berry in winter.]]
Holly berries are somewhat{{Clarify|date=February 2010}} toxic and will cause vomiting and/or diarrhea when ingested by [[human|people]], partly due to the ilicin content. The fatal dose is estimated to be around twenty berries for adults. However they are extremely important food for numerous species of [[bird]]s, and also are eaten by other wild animals. In the fall and early winter the berries are hard and apparently unpalatable. After being frozen or frosted several times, the berries soften, and become milder in taste. During winter [[storm]]s, [[bird]]s often take refuge in hollies, which provide shelter, protection from [[predator]]s (by the spiny leaves), and [[food]]. The flowers are sometimes eaten by the [[larva]] of the [[Double-striped Pug]] [[moth]] (''Gymnoscelis rufifasciata''). Other [[Lepidoptera]] whose larvae feed on holly include ''[[Bucculatrix ilecella]]'' (which feeds exclusively on hollies) and [[The Engrailed]] (''Ectropis crepuscularia''). Holly is commonly referenced at [[Christmas]] time. Also see: [[wreath]] for information on how the holly plant is used in [[Christmas]] wreaths.

Having [[evolution|evolved]] numerous species that are [[endemism|endemic]] to islands and small mountain ranges, and being highly useful plants, many hollies are now becoming rare. [[Tropical]] species are especially often threatened by [[habitat destruction]] and [[overexploitation]], and at least two have become [[extinct]], with numerous others barely surviving.<ref name=iucn>[[International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources]] (IUCN) (2007): ''2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species'': [http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/search.php?freetext=ilex&modifier=phrase&criteria=wholedb&taxa_species=1&redlistCategory%5B%5D=all&country%5B%5D=all&cty_default=1&aquatic%5B%5D=all&aqu_default=1&regions%5B%5D=all®_default=1&habitats%5B%5D=all&threats%5B%5D=all&redlistAssessyear%5B%5D=all&growths%5B%5D=all ''Ilex'']</ref>

{{Inc|
Ilex (the ancient Latin name of Quercus ilex). Including Prinos and Othera. Aquifoliaceae (or Ilicineae). Holly. Ornamental woody plants, grown for their handsome foliage and the attractive mostly red berries.

Evergreen or deciduous trees or shrubs: lvs. alternate, petioled, with small, caducous stipules, sometimes spiny: fls. dioecious, usually in rather few-fld. axillary cymes; calyx-lobes, petals and stamens usually 4, sometimes more; ovary superior; style very short: fr. a berry-like drupe, with 2-8 bony 1-seeded stones.— About 275 species in N. and S. Amer., Trop. and Temp. Asia, and few in Afr., Austral, and Eu. Monograph by Loesener in Nov. Act. Leop.-Carol. Acad. 71, pt. 1 (1901). For a horticultural monograph, see Dalli- more, Holly, Yew and Box, pp. 1-149 (1909), with many illustrations.

The hollies have medium-sized, simple leaves, small, inconspicuous, whitish flowers in axillary clusters or solitary, and black, red or sometimes yellow berries, remaining on the branches often until the following spring. Of the evergreen species, only I. glabra and I. opaca are hardy North, and also I. crenata in somewhat sheltered positions. I. aquifolium, I. pernyi, and 7. cornuta are more tender, but stand many degrees of frost if sheltered, while most of the others can be grown only in the South. Of the deciduous species, I. decidua, I. monticola, I. laevigata and 7. I. verticillata are hardy North; also I. serrata and some other Japanese species are hardy or nearly so. The hollies, especially those with scarlet or red berries, are highly ornamental, and the berried branches of I. opaca and I. aquifolium are in great demand for Christmas decoration. Also I. laevigata and I. verticillata, the prettiest in fruit of the deciduous kinds, are sometimes sold for this purpose. The deciduous species are mostly shrubs, while many of the evergreen species grow into small or medium-sized trees, and I. opaca is the tallest of the broad-leaved evergreens which are hardy North and thrives even on extremely poor soil, and has good color also; the evergreens I. crenata, and I. glabra always remain shrubby. I. aquifolium is a favorite evergreen in English gardens, and numerous varieties are there in cultivation; it also grows well on the Pacific coast from British Columbia to California. It stands severe pruning well, and can be clipped and trained into almost every shape; it also makes fine hedges, but its slow growth is a disadvantage. As the chief value of the deciduous species is in the ornamental fruits, and the hollies are dioecious, care should be taken to choose in planting mostly pistillate plants and a few staminate ones and to give the former the most prominent place. The light, close-grained and tough wood of some of the arborescent species is much valued for turnery-work, engraving and cabinent-making. The leaves of some tropical species, as I. paraguariensis and 7. conocarpa, yield a kind of tea known as Yerba de Mate, or Paraguay tea, which is much used in South America. The hollies grow best in rich, well-drained soil, and the evergreen ones in partly shaded situations, but I. laevigata, I. verticillata and also I. serrata prefer moist places, and grow even in swamps. Most of the species grow slowly, and are not easily transplanted when older. The best tune for moving the evergreen species is the early fall, when the young wood has almost ripened, or in the spring just before the plants start into new growth. The leaves should be stripped on I. opaca and I. aquifolium when transplanted, particularly if at all exposed—or at least nearly all. This is absolutely necessary to insure success. Wild hollies may be handled this way with success, particularly if cut back as well. Propagation is by seeds, which do not germinate until the second year, and are therefore stratified and treated like those of the slow-growing hawthorns. The young seedlings should be transplanted^ after the second year. The evergreen species may be" increased by cuttings of ripened wood under glass, especially the shrubby ones; they are also sometimes grafted or budded on seedlings of I. aquifolium or I. opaca.

I. ambigua, Chapm. Deciduous large shrub, allied to I. monticols. Lvs. usually almost glabrous, remotely serrate, 1-2 in. long. N. C. to Fla., west to Ark. and Texas.—I. Brandegeedna, Loes. Evergreen tree to 40 ft.: branchlets pubescent: Ivs. elliptic-lanoeolate, remotely serrate or almost entire, pubescent, 2-3 1/2in. long: fls. 5-merous. Low. Calif. G.F. 7:416 (by error named I. californica, Brandegee. Evergreen large shrub, to 12 ft., glabrous: lvs. elliptic to oblong-elliptic, obtuse, remotely and crenately serrulate, 2-5 in. long: fr. black, small. Low. Calif. G.F. 7:415 (by error named I.californica.)—I. californica,Brandegee.Evergreen large shrub, to 12ft.,glabrous: lvs elliptic to oblong-elliptic, obtuse, remotely and crenately serrulate, 2-5 in, long; lr. Black, small. Low Calif. G.F 7:415 (by error named I. cannariensis, Poir. Evergreen tree, to 20 ft., glabrous: lvs. ovate to ovate-oblong, obtuse, entire, 2-4 in. long: fr. usually solitary, on this year's growth. Canaries.- I. conocarpa, Reise. Evergreen shrub, to 6 ft.: lvs. oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, serrulate, glabrous, 3-5 in.long: fls. in short, dense spikes: fr. ovoid-conic. Brazil. B.M. 7310.—I.cordllina, French. Evergreen shrub: Ivs. ovate-oblong, acuminate, spiny - serrate or nearly crenate-serrate, 2-3 in. long: frs. small, red, nearly sessile, in dense clusters, W. China.—I. coridcea, Chapm. (I. lucida, Torr. & Gray). Allied to I.glabra, but taller: lvs. broader and longer, to3 in., acute or acuminate. N. C. to Fla., west to La.—L. Franchetiana, Loes. Evergreen shrub, to 12 ft., glabrous: lvs. elliptie-obovate to lanceolate-oblong or oblanceolate, acuminate, denticulate, 2 ½ -4. long: fr. bright red on short stalks, in dense clusters. W. China. — I. geniculdta, Maxim. Deciduous shrub, glabrous: Lvs. ovate to elliptic-ovate, acuminate, sharply serrate, 1 ½ -2in. long: fr. scarlet, solitary, drooping on filiform peduncles 3/4-1 ½in. long. Japan. Very graceful shrub; has proved hardy at the Arnold Arboretum.—I. gongonha, Mart.=Villaresia mucronata. — I.inslgnis, Hook. f. Evergreen small tree: Lvs. elliptic-lanceolate, 6-9 in. long, spiny-toothed, often almost entire on older plants: fr. large, globose. Himalayas. G. C. II. 14:297. G. M. 31:475.—I.longipes Chapm. Deciduous shrub, allied to I. decidus: Lvs. elliptic-lanceolate, crenately serrate, almost glabrous: fr. globose, slender-pedicelled. N. C. to Ga., west to La. G. F. 3:345.—I. macrooarpa, Oliver. Deciduous tree, to 30 ft., glabrous: lvs. elliptic or elliptic-ovate to oblong- lanceolate, finely serrate, 3-4 ½in. long: frs. black, solitary, ½ -3/4 in. across, on peduncles ½ -1 1/4in. long. Cent. China. H. I. 18:1787.— I. microcdrpa, Lindl.=I. rotunda, Thunb.—I. Oldhamii. Miq.- purpures, Thunb,-I.pedunculoea, Miq. Evergreen small tree, glabrous: lvs.slender-petioled, elliptic-ovate to ovate-oblong, abruptly short-acuminate, entire or sparingly serrulate, 1 ½ -3in.long: fr. red, usually solitary on slender pedicels 1 ½ -2 in.long. Japan. S.1.F. 1:61. Var. continentalis, Loes. lvs. generally larger, thicker: sepals ciliate. Cent. China.—I. purpurea, Thunb. (I. Oldhamii, Mlq.). Evergreen tree, glabrous: lvs. elliptic-ovate to oblong- lanceolate, crenate - serrulate, 2-3 in. long.: fr. red,1/2in. across, pedicelled. usually 2-5 on a common peduncle about ½in. long. Japan, Cent. China. S. I. F. 1:62.—I. rotunda, Thunb. (I. microcarpa, Lindl.). Evergreen shrub or tree, to 40 ft.: lvs. oblong or elliptic, acute, pointed, quite entire: fr. small, red, in peduncled clusters. Japan. G. C. 1850:311. F.S. 7, p. 216. S. I. F. 1:60.—I. Rugdsa, F. Schmidt. Evergreen low spreading shrub, sometimes prostrate, glabrous: lvs. oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, remotely crenate-serrate, rugose above, 3/4-2 in. long: fr. usually solitary, scarlet. Japan, Saghalin.—I. azcchwantnsis, Loes. Evergreen shrub, to 12 ft., glabrous: lvs. short-petioled, ovate- to elliptic- oblong, serrulate, 1-2 ½in. long.: fr. black, solitary, on stalks about 1/2in. long. Cent. China.—I. triflora, Brandegee=I. Brandegeeana. —I. yunnanensis, Franch. Evergreen shrub, to 10 ft.: branchlets villous: lvs. short-stalked, ovate to ovate-oblong, crenate-scrrate or serrulate, pubescent below, at least on the midrib,3/4 – 1 1/2in.long: fr. red, solitary, stalked. W. China. Alfred Rehder.
}}

Three species are used as stimulants and tea subsitutes- Ilex guayusa, Ilex paraguariensis and Ilex vomitoria.

==Cultivation==

===Propagation===

===Pests and diseases===

==Species==
Selected species:
<div float="left">
{{col-begin|width=75%}}
{{col-1-of-3}}
* ''[[Ilex abscondita]]''
* ''[[Ilex acutidenticulata]]''
* ''[[Ilex affinis]]''
* ''[[Ilex × altaclarensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex altiplana]]''
* ''[[Ilex amara]]'' – [[Caachira]]
* ''[[Ilex ambigua]]'' – [[Sand Holly]]
* ''[[Ilex amelanchier]]'' – Swamp Holly
* ''[[Ilex anomala]]'' [[Hook.]] & [[Arn.]] – ''Kāwa{{okina}}u'' ([[Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i]])<ref>{{cite paper |url=http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/data/CommonTreesHI/CFT_Ilex_anomala.pdf |format=[[PDF]] |title=Kāwa{{okina}}u, Hawaiian holly |first=Elbert L. |last=Little Jr. |coauthors=Roger G. Skolmen |publisher=[[United States Forest Service]] |year=1989}}</ref>
* ''[[Ilex anonoides]]''
* ''[[Ilex aquifolium]]'' – European Holly, English Holly, Christ's Thorn
* ''[[Ilex aracamuniana]]''
* ''[[Ilex argentina]]''
* ''[[Ilex arisanensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex bioritsensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex brachyphylla]]''
* ''[[Ilex brasiliensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex brevicuspis]]''
* ''[[Ilex brevipedicellata]]''
* ''[[Ilex buergeri]]''
* ''[[Ilex canariensis]]'' – [[Small-leaved Holly]], Acebino
* ''[[Ilex caniensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex cassine]]'' – Dahoon Holly, Cassena
* ''[[Ilex centrochinensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex cerasifolia]]''
* ''[[Ilex chamaedryfolia|Ilex chamædryfolia]]''
* ''[[Ilex chapaensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex chengkouensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex chinensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex chuniana]]''
* ''[[Ilex ciliolata]]''
* ''[[Ilex ciliospinosa]]''
* ''[[Ilex cognata]]''
* ''[[Ilex colchica]]''
* ''[[Ilex collina]]''
* ''[[Ilex conocarpa]]''
* ''[[Ilex cookii]]'' – Cook's Holly ([[Puerto Rico]])
* ''[[Ilex corallina]]''
* ''[[Ilex coriacea]]'' – [[Gallberry]]
* ''[[Ilex cornuta]]'' – [[Chinese Holly]], Horned Holly
* ''[[Ilex costaricensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex cowanii]]''
* ''[[Ilex crenata]]'' – Japanese Holly, Box-leaved Holly, ''inutsuge'' ([[Japanese (language)|Japanese]])
* ''[[Ilex crepitans]]''
* ''[[Ilex cyrtura]]''
* ''[[Ilex dabieshanensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex davidsei]]''
* ''[[Ilex decidua]]'' Walter – Possumhaw (Eastern United States, Northeastern [[Mexico]])
* ''[[Ilex dehongensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex dimorphophylla]]''
* ''[[Ilex diospyroides]]''
* ''[[Ilex dipyrena]]'' – [[Himalayan Holly]]
* ''[[Ilex dumosa]]''
* ''[[Ilex ericoides]]''
* ''[[Ilex euryoides]]''
* ''[[Ilex fargesii]]''
* ''[[Ilex fengqingensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex fertilis]]'' 
* ''[[Ilex florifera]]''
* ''[[Ilex gardneriana]]'' ([[extinct]]: 20th century?)
* ''[[Ilex geniculata]]''
* ''[[Ilex georgei]]''
* ''[[Ilex gigantea]]''
* ''[[Ilex glabella]]''
* ''[[Ilex glabra]]'' L. A.Gray – Evergreen Winterberry, Bitter Gallberry, Inkberry (Eastern North America)
{{col-2-of-3}}
* ''[[Ilex gleasoniana]]''
* ''[[Ilex goshiensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex graciliflora]]''
* ''[[Ilex grandiflora]]''
* ''[[Ilex guaiquinimae]]''
* ''[[Ilex guayusa]]'' – Guayusa
* ''[[Ilex guianensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex harrisii]]''
* ''[[Ilex holstii]]''
* ''[[Ilex huachamacariana]]''
* ''[[Ilex humboldtiana]]''
* ''[[Ilex ignicola]]''
* ''[[Ilex illustris]]''
* ''[[Ilex integerrima]]''
* ''[[Ilex integra]]'' – Mochi Tree, Nepal Holly
* ''[[Ilex intricata]]''
* ''[[Ilex jamaicana]]'' Proctor ([[Jamaica]])
* ''[[Ilex jauaensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex jelskii]]''
* ''[[Ilex karuaiana]]''
* ''[[Ilex khasiana]]''
* ''[[Ilex kingiana]]''
* ''[[Ilex kudingcha]]''
* ''[[Ilex kusanoi]]''
* ''[[Ilex laevigata|Ilex lævigata]]'' – Smooth Winterberry
* ''[[Ilex lasseri]]''
* ''[[Ilex latifolia]]'' – Tarajo Holly, ''tarayō'' (Japanese)
* ''[[Ilex lechleri]]''
* ''[[Ilex leucoclada]]''
* ''[[Ilex longipes]]''
* ''[[Ilex longzhouensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex machilifolia]]''
* ''[[Ilex maclurei]]''
* ''[[Ilex macoucoua]]''
* ''[[Ilex macrocarpa]]''
* ''[[Ilex macropoda]]''
* ''[[Ilex magnifructa]]''
* ''[[Ilex maingayi]]''
* ''[[Ilex marahuacae]]''
* ''[[Ilex marginata]]''
* ''[[Ilex margratesavage]]''
* ''[[Ilex mathewsii]]''
* ''[[Ilex × meserveae]]''
* ''[[Ilex microdonta]]''
* ''[[Ilex mitis]]''
* ''[[Ilex montana]]'' [[John Torrey|Torrey]] & [[Asa Gray|A.Gray]] – Mountain Winterberry ([[Eastern United States]])
* ''[[Ilex mucronata]]'' (L.) M.Powell, Savol., & S.Andrews – Mountain Holly, Catberry (Eastern North America)
* ''[[Ilex myrtifolia]]'' – [[Myrtle Holly]], Myrtle Dahoon
* ''[[Ilex neblinensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex nothofagifolia]]''
* ''[[Ilex oblonga]]''
* ''[[Ilex occulta]]''
* ''[[Ilex opaca]]'' – American Holly (Eastern United States)
* ''[[Ilex ovalifolia]]''
* ''[[Ilex palawanica]]''
* ''[[Ilex pallida]]''
* ''[[Ilex paraguariensis]]'' – [[Yerba maté|Maté]], [[yerba maté]], ''erva-mate'' (Portuguese)
* ''[[Ilex parvifructa]]''
* ''[[Ilex patens]]''
* ''[[Ilex pauciflora]]''
* ''[[Ilex paujiensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex pedunculosa]]''
* ''[[Ilex peiradena]]''
* ''[[Ilex perado]]'' – [[Madeiran Holly]]
* ''[[Ilex perlata]]''
* ''[[Ilex pernyi]]'' – [[Perny's Holly]]
* ''[[Ilex polita]]''
* ''[[Ilex praetermissa]]''
{{col-3-of-3}}
* ''[[Ilex pringlei]]''
* ''[[Ilex pseudobuxus]]''
* ''[[Ilex puberula]]''
* ''[[Ilex pubescens]]''
* ''[[Ilex pubiflora]]''
* ''[[Ilex purpurea]]''
* ''[[Ilex qianlingshanensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex quercetorum]]''
* ''[[Ilex quercifolia]]''
* ''[[Ilex rarasanensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex reticulata]]''
* ''[[Ilex rotunda]]''
* ''[[Ilex rugosa]]''
* ''[[Ilex sclerophylla]]''
* ''[[Ilex serrata]]'' – [[Japanese Winterberry]]
* ''[[Ilex sessilifructa]]''
* ''[[Ilex shimeica]]''
* ''[[Ilex sikkimensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex sintenisii]]'' (Urban) Britt. – Sintenis' Holly ([[Puerto Rico]])
* ''[[Ilex sipapoana]]''
* ''[[Ilex socorroensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex spinigera]]''
* ''[[Ilex spruceana]]''
* ''[[Ilex steyermarkii]]''
* ''[[Ilex subrotundifolia]]''
* ''[[Ilex subtriflora]]''
* ''[[Ilex sugerokii]]''
* ''[[Ilex sulcata]]''
* ''[[Ilex syzygiophylla]]''
* ''[[Ilex tahanensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex tateana]]''
* ''[[Ilex taubertiana]]''
* ''[[Ilex ternatiflora]]'' ([[extinct]]: 20th century?)
* ''[[Ilex theezans]]''
* ''[[Ilex tiricae]]''
* ''[[Ilex tolucana]]''
* ''[[Ilex trachyphylla]]''
* ''[[Ilex trichocarpa]]''
* ''[[Ilex tugitakayamensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex uraiensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex vaccinoides]]''
* ''[[Ilex venezuelensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex venulosa]]''
* ''[[Ilex verticillata]]'' ([[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Asa Gray|A.Gray]] American Winterberry (Eastern North America)
* ''[[Ilex vomitoria]]'' – Yaupon Holly, ''casseena'' ([[Spanish (language)|Spanish]])
* ''[[Ilex vulcanicola]]''
* ''[[Ilex wenchowensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex williamsii]]''
* ''[[Ilex wilsonii]]''
* ''[[Ilex yunnanensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex wugonshanensis]]''
* ''[[Ilex yuiana]]''<ref>Ulloa Ulloa & Jørgensen (1993), eFloras.org (2007a, b), IUCN (2007), RBGE (2007), USDA (2007a, b)</ref>
{{col-end}}
</div>

{{Inc|
Index.

albo-marginata, 21.
albo-picta, 22.
alteclarenois, 2.
amelanchier, 50.
angustifolia, 44.
aquifolium, 1.
argentea, 21.
argenteo-marginata , 21.
argenteo-medio-picta , 22.
argutidens, 53.
aureo-maculata, 23.
aureo-marginata, 24.
aureo-regina, 24.
aureo-picta latifolia, 25.
aureo-variegata, 46.
bronxensis, 52.
camelliaefolia, 20.
caroliniana, 45.
cassine, 44, 45.
chinensis, 8.
chrysocarpa, 52.
conspicua, 7.
cornuta, 36.
crenata, 46.
crispa, 19.
dahoon, 44.
decidua, 48.
dipyrena, 38.
dubia, 49.
echinata, 14.
fargesii, 42.
fastigiata, 52.
ferox, 14.
ferox argentea, 26.
ferox aurea, 27.
fortunei, 46.
fructu aurantiaco, 32.
fructu luteo, 31.
glabra, 47.
handsworthensis, 9.
hastate, 10.
herveyi, 51.
heterophylla, 15.
heterophylla aureo-picta, 28.
hodginsonii, 3.
integra, 40.
laevigata, 51.
latifolia, 4,41.
latifolia marginata, 24.
laurifolia, 16.
laurifolia longifolia, 20.
lineate, 11.
longifolia, 46.
luteo-variegata, 46.
macropoda, 49.
maderensis, 35.
magnifica, 20.
marginata, 17.
megalophylla, 42.
microphylla, 11,46.
mollis, 49.
monticola, 49.
mundyi, 7.
myrtifolia, 12, 44.
nobilis, 7.
opaca, 39.
othera, 40.
paraguariensis, 43.
paucispinosa, 38.
pendula, 33.
perado, 35.
pernyi, 37.
platyphylla, 35.
platyphyllos, 5.
princeps, 6.
pyramidalis, 34.
quercifolia, 39.
recurva, 19.
scotica, 18.
scotica aurea, 29.
serrata, 53.
serratifolia, 13.
shepherdii, 7.
sieboldii, 53.
tenuifolia, 52.
tortuosa, 19.
variegate, 35.
veitchii, 37.
verticillata, 52.
vomitoria, 45.
wateriana, 30.
wilsonii, 7.
xanthocarpa, 39,53.

I. ambigua, Chapm. Deciduous large shrub, allied to I. monticols. Lvs. usually almost glabrous, remotely serrate, 1-2 in. long. N. C. to Fla., west to Ark. and Texas.—I. Brandegeedna, Loes. Evergreen tree to 40 ft.: branchlets pubescent: lvs. elliptic-lanoeolate, remotely serrate or almost entire, pubescent, 2-3 1/2in. long: fls. 5-merous. Low. Calif. G.F. 7:416 (by error named I. californica, Brandegee. Evergreen large shrub, to 12 ft., glabrous: lvs. elliptic to oblong-elliptic, obtuse, remotely and crenately serrulate, 2-5 in. long: fr. black, small. Low. Calif. G.F. 7:415 (by error named I.californica.)—I. californica,Brandegee.Evergreen large shrub, to 12ft.,glabrous: lvs elliptic to oblong-elliptic, obtuse, remotely and crenately serrulate, 2-5 in, long; lr. Black, small. Low Calif. G.F 7:415 (by error named I. cannariensis, Poir. Evergreen tree, to 20 ft., glabrous: lvs. ovate to ovate-oblong, obtuse, entire, 2-4 in. long: fr. usually solitary, on this year's growth. Canaries.- I. conocarpa, Reise. Evergreen shrub, to 6 ft.: lvs. oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate, serrulate, glabrous, 3-5 in.long: fls. in short, dense spikes: fr. ovoid-conic. Brazil. B.M. 7310.—I.corallina, French. Evergreen shrub: Ivs. ovate-oblong, acuminate, spiny - serrate or nearly crenate-serrate, 2-3 in. long: frs. small, red, nearly sessile, in dense clusters, W. China.—I. coridcea, Chapm. (I. lucida, Torr. & Gray). Allied to I.glabra, but taller: lvs. broader and longer, to3 in., acute or acuminate. N. C. to Fla., west to La.—L. Franchetiana,
Loes. Evergreen shrub, to 12 ft., glabrous: lvs. elliptie-obovate to lanceolate-oblong or oblanceolate, acuminate, denticulate, 2 ½ -4. long: fr. bright red on short stalks, in dense clusters. W. China. — I. geniculdta, Maxim. Deciduous shrub, glabrous: Lvs. ovate to elliptic-ovate, acuminate, sharply serrate, 1 ½ -2in. long: fr. scarlet, solitary, drooping on filiform peduncles 3/4-1 ½in. long. Japan. Very graceful shrub; has proved hardy at the Arnold Arboretum.—I. gongonha,
Mart.=Villaresia mucronata. — I.inslgnis, Hook. f. Evergreen small tree: Lvs. elliptic-lanceolate, 6-9 in. long, spiny-toothed, often almost entire on older plants: fr. large, globose. Himalayas. G. C. II. 14:297. G. M. 31:475.—I.longipes Chapm. Deciduous shrub, allied to I. decidus: Lvs. elliptic-lanceolate, crenately serrate, almost glabrous: fr. globose, slender-pedicelled. N. C. to Ga., west to La. G. F. 3:345.—I. macrooarpa, Oliver. Deciduous tree, to 30 ft., glabrous: lvs. elliptic or elliptic-ovate to oblong- lanceolate, finely serrate, 3-4 ½in. long: frs. black, solitary, ½ -3/4 in. across, on peduncles ½ -1 1/4in. long. Cent. China. H. I. 18:1787.— I. microcdrpa, Lindl.=I. rotunda, Thunb.—I. oldhamii. Miq.- purpures, Thunb,-I.pedunculoea, Miq. Evergreen small tree, glabrous: lvs.slender-petioled, elliptic-ovate to ovate-oblong, abruptly short-acuminate, entire or sparingly serrulate, 1 ½ -3in.long: fr. red, usually solitary on slender pedicels 1 ½ -2 in.long. Japan. S.1.F. 1:61. Var. continentalis, Loes. lvs. generally larger, thicker: sepals ciliate.
Cent. China.—I. purpurea, Thunb. (I. Oldhamii, Mlq.). Evergreen tree, glabrous: lvs. elliptic-ovate to oblong- lanceolate, crenate - serrulate, 2-3 in. long.: fr. red, 1/2in. across, pedicelled. usually 2-5 on a common peduncle about ½in. long. Japan, Cent. China. S. I. F. 1:62.—I. rotunda, Thunb. (I. microcarpa, Lindl.). Evergreen shrub or tree, to 40 ft.: lvs. oblong or elliptic, acute, pointed, quite entire: fr. small, red, in peduncled clusters. Japan. G. C. 1850:311. F.S. 7, p.
216. S. I. F. 1:60.—I. Rugdsa, F. Schmidt. Evergreen low spreading shrub, sometimes prostrate, glabrous: lvs. oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, remotely crenate-serrate, rugose above, 3/4-2 in. long: fr. usually solitary, scarlet. Japan, Saghalin.—I. szechwanensis, Loes. Evergreen shrub, to 12 ft., glabrous: lvs. short-petioled, ovate- to elliptic- oblong, serrulate, 1-2 ½in. long.: fr. black, solitary, on stalks about 1/2 in. long. Cent. China.—I. triflora, Brandegee=I. brandegeeana. —I. yunnanensis, Franch. Evergreen shrub, to 10 ft.: branchlets villous: lvs. short-stalked, ovate to ovate-oblong, crenate-serrate or serrulate, pubescent below, at least on the midrib,3/4 – 1 1/2 in.long: fr. red, solitary, stalked. W. China.
}}

==Gallery==

<gallery perrow=5>
Image:Starr_020925-0058_Ilex_anomala.jpg|''Ilex anomala''
Image:Ilex chinensis1.jpg|''Ilex chinensis''
Image:Ilex pedunculosa5.jpg|''Ilex pedunculosa''
Image:Ilex rotunda5.jpg|''Ilex rotunda''
Image:winterberry1.jpg|''Ilex verticillata''
Image:Yunnan Holly Ilex yunnanensis Sprig 3008px.jpg|''Ilex yunnanensis''
Image:Contorted Hedgehog Holly.JPG|A contorted hedgehog holly.
Image:Starr_020925-0058_Ilex_anomala.jpg|''Ilex anomala''
Image:Ilex chinensis1.jpg|''Ilex chinensis''
Image:Ilex pedunculosa5.jpg|''Ilex pedunculosa''
Image:Ilex rotunda5.jpg|''Ilex rotunda''
Image:Yunnan Holly Ilex yunnanensis Sprig 3008px.jpg|''Ilex yunnanensis''
</gallery>

==References==
<references/>
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963




==External links==
*{{wplink}}

{{stub}}
__NOTOC__

Ilex yunnanensis

2010-05-28T21:53:25Z

Farfromhere001: Created page with 'Ilex yunnanensis also know as “Yunnan Holly” is employed in parts of Asia, a variety called Ilex yunnanensis var. eciliata is used along the boarder of China and Tibet as a T…'

Ilex yunnanensis also know as “Yunnan Holly” is employed in parts of Asia, a variety called Ilex yunnanensis var. eciliata is used along the boarder of China and Tibet as a Tea substitute.

Ilex guayusa

2010-05-28T21:48:35Z

Farfromhere001: Created page with 'Ilex guayusa has the highest amount of caffeine of any plant in the world. It sometimes used in Ayahuasca.'

Ilex guayusa has the highest amount of caffeine of any plant in the world.

It sometimes used in Ayahuasca.

List of psychoactive plants

2010-05-28T16:23:29Z

Farfromhere001: Created page with '''[[Salvia divinorum'']] This is a list of plants (flora) which contain psychoactive drugs. Psychoactive pl…'

[[Image:Salvia divinorum - Herba de Maria.jpg|thumb|220px|right|''[[Salvia divinorum]]'']]

This is a list of plants (flora) which contain [[psychoactive drugs]]. Psychoactive plants have been used traditionally for thousands of years by human cultures all around the world and many play a significant role in society. This list covers plants which are potentially psychoactive, while the ''[[list of entheogens]]'' covers plants which are known to be traditionally used as entheogens or psychoactives.

==Psychoactive Flora by Family==

===''[[Acanthaceae]]''===
*''[[Fittonia albivenis]]'', a common ornamental plant from South America. The plant has unknown compounds, that reportedly cause "visions of eyeballs." It is also useful in the treatment of headaches, etc.
*''[[Justicia pectoralis]]''<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.serendipity.li/dmt/hoasca.html
|title=Ayahuasca Analogues
|publisher=www.serendipity.li
|accessdate=2008-02-23
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>

===''[[Acoraceae]]''===
*''[[Acorus calamus]]'', [[asarone]]

===''[[Aizoaceae]]''===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
|<center>''[[Delosperma acuminatum]]''</center> || style="width:500px"| DMT, 5-MEO-DMT<ref name="sacred">[http://www.entheogen.com/component/option,com_docman/task,doc_download/gid,6/Itemid,42/ Trouts Notes on Sacred Cacti]</ref>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Delosperma cooperi1.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Delosperma cooperi]]''</center> ||DMT, 5-MEO-DMT<ref name="sacred"/>
|-
|<center>''[[Delosperma ecklonis]]''</center> ||DMT<ref name="sacred"/>
|-
|<center>''[[Delosperma esterhuyseniae]]''</center> ||DMT<ref name="sacred"/>
|-
|<center>''[[Delosperma hallii]]''</center> ||5-MEO-DMT<ref name="sacred"/>
|-
|<center>''[[Delosperma harazianum]]''</center> ||DMT, 5-MEO-DMT<ref name="sacred"/>
|-
|<center>''Delosperma harazianum'' Shibam</center> ||DMT<ref name="sacred"/>
|-
|<center>''[[Delosperma hirtum]]''</center> ||DMT<ref name="sacred"/>
|-
|<center>''Delosperma hallii aff. litorale''
|-
|<center>[[Image:M. Delosperma lydenbergense flower.JPG|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Delosperma lydenbergense]]''</center> ||DMT, 5-MEO-DMT<ref name="sacred"/>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Delosperma nubigenum.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Delosperma nubigenum]]''</center> ||5-MEO-DMT<ref name="sacred"/>
|-
|<center>''[[Delosperma pageanum]]''</center> ||DMT, 5-MEO-DMT<ref name="sacred"/>
|-
|<center>''[[Delosperma pergamentaceum]]''</center> ||Traces of DMT<ref name="sacred"/>
|-
|<center>''[[Delosperma tradescantioides]]''</center> ||DMT<ref name="sacred"/>
|}

''[[Sceletium tortuosum]]'' or "Kanna" has been used by South African pastoralists and hunter-gatherers as a mood-altering substance from prehistoric times.

===''[[Apocynaceae]]''===
| [[Image:Iboga.jpg|150px]]
''[[Tabernanthe iboga]]''
| Ibogaine in root bark<ref name="ibogaine-tihkal">[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal25.shtml Tihkal]</ref>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Ibogaine.png|150px]]</center><center>[[Ibogaine]]</center>
| [[Image:Confederate Jasmine, Star Jasmine (Trachelospermum jasminoides).jpg|150px]]
''[[Trachelospermum jasminoides]]''
|Ibogaine<ref>[http://www.giftpflanzen.com/trachelospermum_jasminoides.html ''Trachelospermum jasminoides'' (www.giftpflanzen.com)]</ref>
|-
*''[[Catharanthus roseus]]'' is (perhaps unpleasantly) "hallucinogenic."<ref>[http://sliceoftheday.wordpress.com/2007/05/13/madagascar-periwinkle-catharanthus-roseus/ ''Catharanthus roseus'']</ref>
*''[[Prestonia amazonica]]'': DMT<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://paranoia.lycaeum.org/psychedelics/tryptamines/dmt.info
|title=Profiles of Psychedelic Drugs
|publisher=paranoia.lycaeum.org
|accessdate=2008-04-19
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
*''[[Vinca minor]]''

===''[[Aquifoliaceae]]''===

*''[[Ilex guayusa]]'', which is used as an additive to some versions of Ayahuasca. According to the Ecuadorian indigenous, it is also slightly hallucinogenic on its own, when drunk in high enough quantities.

*''[[Ilex paraguariensis]]'' which is also known as "Yerba Mate"...

*''[[Ilex vomitoria]]'' or "Yaupon Holly" is ...

and some other hollies are used as tea substitute stimulants!

===''[[Asteraceae]]''(Compositae)===

<center>[[Image:Beta-thujone.svg|150px]]</center>
<center>[[Thujone]]</center>
[[Image:ArtemisiaVulgaris.jpg|150px]]
''[[Artemisia vulgaris]]''
[[Thujone]]

|<center>[[Image:blank.jpg|100px]]</center>
<center></center>
| [[Image:Calea zacatechichi cutting.jpg|150px]]
''[[Calea zacatechichi]]''
|Produces vivid dreams after smoking. It is also employed by the Chontal people as a medicinal herb against gastrointestinal disorders, and is used as an appetizer, cathartic anti-dysentery remedy, and as a fever-reducing agent.

| <center>[[Image:blank.jpg|150px]]</center>
<center>[[???]]</center>
| [[Image:Koeh-213.jpg|150px]]
''[[Lactuca virosa]]''
| [[Lactucarium]]

| <center>[[Image:blank.jpg|150px]]</center>
| [[Image:Tagetes lucida flower.jpg|150px]]
''[[Tagetes lucida]]''
| [[Anethole]], [[Chavicol]], [[Coumarin]], [[Estragole]], [[Isorhamnetin]], [[Methyleugenol]], [[Quercitin]]

===''[[Cactaceae]]''===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
| <center>'''Genera'''</center> || <center>'''Alkaloid Content (Fresh)'''</center> ||<center>'''Alkaloid Content (Dried)'''</center>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Echinopsis lageniformis]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Trichocereus bridgesii'')</center> || <center> [[Mescaline]] > 0.025%,<ref name="the nook">http://www.thenook.org/archives/tek/alklist.htm</ref> also 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine < 1%, 3-methoxytyramine < 1%, tyramine < 1%</center> ||<center>2%<ref>[http://www.a1b2c3.com/drugs/var014.htm Trichocereus]</ref></center>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Echinopsis-pachanoi-close-up.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Echinopsis pachanoi]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Trichocereus pachanoi'')</center> || <center>Mescaline 0.006-0.12%, 0.05% Average<ref name="netfirms" /></center> || <center>Mescaline 0.01%-2.375%<ref name="netfirms" /></center>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Lightmatter cactusflower.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Echinopsis spachiana]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Trichocereus spachianus'')</center> || <center>Mescaline<ref name="mesc">[http://users.lycaeum.org/~iamklaus/botany.htm# Visionary Cactus Guide]</ref></center></center> || <center>Mescaline<ref name="mesc"/></center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Peyote Cactus.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Lophophora williamsii]]''</center><center>(Peyote)<center> || <center>0.4% Mescaline<ref name="guide">[http://www.erowid.org/plants/cacti/cacti_guide/cacti_guide_lophopho.shtml Erowid]</ref></center> || <center>3-6% Mescaline<ref name="mesc"/></center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Opuntia acanthocarpa.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Opuntia acanthocarpa]]''</center> || <center>Mescaline<ref name="mesc">[http://users.lycaeum.org/~iamklaus/opuntia.htm Lycaeum]</ref></center> ||
|-
| <center>[[Image:Opuntia basilaris form.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Opuntia basilaris]]''</center> || <center>Mescaline 0.01%, plus 4-hydroxy-3-5 -dimethoxyphenethylamine<ref name="mesc"/></center> ||
|-
| <center>''[[Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Opuntia cylindrica'')<ref>[http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Cactaceae/Opuntia_cylindrica.html ''Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica'' (http://www.desert-tropicals.com) ]</ref></center> || <center>Mescaline<ref name="mesc"/></center> ||
|-
| <center>[[Image:Cylindropuntia echinocarpa 2.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Cylindropuntia echinocarpa]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Opuntia echinocarpa'')</center> || <center>Mescaline 0.01%, 3-4-dimethoxyphenethylamine 0.01%, 4-hydroxy-3-5-dimethoxyphenethylamine 0.01%<ref name="mesc"/></center> ||
|-
| <center>''[[Cylindropuntia spinosior]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Opuntia spinosior'')<ref>[http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Cactaceae/Opuntia_spinosior.html ''Cylindropuntia spinosior'' (www.desert-tropicals.com)]</ref></center> || <center>Mescaline 0.00004%, 3-methoxytyramine 0.001%, tyramine 0.002%, 3-4-dimethoxyphenethylamine.<ref name="mesc"/></center> ||
|-
| <center>[[Image:E.macrogona.png|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Echinopsis macrogona]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Trichocereus macrogonus'')</center>|| <center> > 0.01-0.05% Mescaline<ref name="nook2">[http://www.thenook.org/archives/tek/alklist.htm Partial List of Alkaloids in Trichocereus Cacti]</ref></center> || <center></center>
|-
|<center>[[Image:KK242 Vs Standard Peruvian Torch.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Echinopsis peruviana]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Trichocereus peruvianus'')</center>|| <center>Mescaline 0.0005%-0.12%<ref name="netfirms">[http://entheogen.netfirms.com/articles/articles/Narcotic_Cacti.html Forbidden Fruit Archives]</ref></center> ||<center>Mescaline</center>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Echinopsis tacaquirensis]]''</center><center>subsp. ''taquimbalensis''</center><center>(syn. ''Trichocereus taquimbalensis'')<ref>[http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Cactaceae/Echinopsis_taquimb.html Echinopsis tacaquirensis ssp. taquimbalensis]</ref></center>|| <center> > 0.005-0.025% Mescaline<ref name="nook2"/></center> || <center></center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Echinopsis terscheckii 5.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Echinopsis terscheckii]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Trichocereus terscheckii'', ''Trichocereus werdemannianus'')<ref>[http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Cactaceae/Echinopsis_terscheckii.html www.desert-tropicals.com]</ref></center><center><center>|| <center> > 0.005-0.025% Mescaline<ref name="nook2"/></center> || <center>Mescaline 0.01%-2.375%<ref name="netfirms" /></center>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Echinopsis valida]]''</center><center><center>|| <center>0.025% Mescaline<ref name="guide">[http://www.erowid.org/plants/cacti/cacti_guide/cacti_guide_lophopho.shtml Lycaeum]</ref></center> || <center></center>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Pelecyphora aselliformis]]''</center><center><center>|| <center>Mescaline<ref name="guide">[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pelecyphora_aselliformis Lycaeum]</ref></center> || <center></center>
|}

===''[[Cannabaceae]]''===
[[Image:Cannabis flowering.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Cannabis plant]]

{{Main|Cannabis (drug)}}
Cannabis (Marijuana) is a popular psychedelic plant. Cannabis is also unique in that it contains a psychedelic substance, [[THC]], which contains no nitrogen and is not an [[indole]], [[phenethylamine]], [[anticholinergic]] (deliriant), or a disassociative drug. Currently, certain universities and research firms are studying the medicinal effects of cannabis. Many jurisdictions have laws regulating the sale and use of [[medical cannabis]] to treat pain, insomnia, and stimulate appetite.

''[[Humulus lupulus]]'' http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humulus_lupulus

''[[Humulus japonicus]]''- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_hops

===''[[Caryophylloideae]]''===

|<center>[[Image:blank.jpg|100px]]</center>
<center></center>
| [[Image:Silene-capensis.jpg|150px]]
''[[Silene capensis]]''
|Produces vivid dreams after ingesting.

===''[[Celastraceae]]''===
| <center>[[Image:S-Cathinone.svg|150px]]</center>
<center>[[Cathinone]]</center>
| [[Image:Catha_edulis.jpg?|150px]]
''[[Catha edulis]]''
| [[Khat]]

===''[[Convolvulaceae]]''===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
|<center>[[Image:Ipomoea violacea.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Ipomoea tricolor]] & [[Ipomoea violacea]]'' || style="width:500px"| <center>D-[[lysergic acid amide]] and lysergic acid amides in the seeds; up to 0.12% total<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.giftpflanzen.com/ipomoea_violacea.html
|title=Trichterwinde (Ipomoea violacea) im GIFTPFLANZEN.COMpendium - www.giftpflanzen.com
|publisher=www.giftpflanzen.com
|accessdate=2008-04-18
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
</center>
|-
|<center>''[[Rivea corymbosa]]''</center> || Seeds contain D-lysergic acid amide, [[lysergol]], and [[turbicoryn]]; lysergic acid alkaloids up to 0.03%<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.giftpflanzen.com/rivea_corymbosa.html
|title=Ololiuqui (Rivea corymbosa) im GIFTPFLANZEN.COMpendium - www.giftpflanzen.com
|publisher=www.giftpflanzen.com
|accessdate=2008-04-18
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
|}
|<center>[[Image:Ergine.png|100px]]</center><center>[[Ergine]]</center>
| [[Image:Starr 050107-2974 Argyreia nervosa.jpg|150px]] ''[[Argyreia nervosa]] (Hawaiian Baby Woodrose)''
|Seeds contain high amounts of LSA (also known as d-lysergic acid amide, d-lysergamide, ergine, and LA-111), often 50-150X the amounts found in ''[[Ipomoea violacea]]''.

===''[[Euphorbiaceae]]''===
*''[[Alchornea floribunda]]'', [[Yohimbine]]

===''[[Fabaceae]]'' (Leguminosae)===

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia acuminata]]''</center> || Up to 1.5% alkaloids, mainly consisting of [[tryptamine]] in leaf<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://leda.lycaeum.org/?ID=15928
|title=Lycaeum > Leda > Acacia acuminata
|publisher=leda.lycaeum.org
|accessdate=2008-02-23
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Alpina mueller.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia alpina]]'' || Active principles in leaf<ref name="shaman">[http://shaman-australis.com.au/shop/index.php?cPath=21_26_72 Shaman Australis]</ref></center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia angustissima usgs.png|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia angustissima]]''</center> || ß-methyl-phenethylamine<ref name="dict">{{cite book
| last = Glasby
| first = John Stephen
| authorlink =
| title = Dictionary of Plants Containing Secondary Metabolites
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=te53VV5u8YMC&pg=RA1-PA2&ots=e5Swnj0FN9&dq=acacia+alkaloids&sig=ph1WfGlPnw5YMc3SReh2P5li2ls
| publisher = [[CRC Press]]
| series =
| year = 1991
| doi =
| isbn = 0850664233
| page = 2 }}</ref>, NMT and DMT in leaf (1.1-10.2 ppm)<ref>[http://www.cababstractsplus.org/google/abstract.asp?AcNo=20053115691 English Title: Nutritive value assessment of the tropical shrub legume Acacia angustissima: anti-nutritional compounds and in vitro digestibility.]
Personal Authors: McSweeney, C. S., Krause, D. O., Palmer, B., Gough, J., Conlan, L. L., Hegarty, M. P.
Author Affiliation: CSIRO Livestock Industries, Long Pocket Laboratories, 120 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia.
Document Title: Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2005 (Vol. 121) (No. 1/2) 175-190</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia-aroma.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia aroma]]''</center> || Tryptamine alkaloids.<ref>[http://www.maya-ethnobotanicals.com/product_info.phtml/herbid_340/category_ayahuasca Maya Ethnobotanicals]</ref> Significant amount of tryptamine in the seeds.<ref name="herbarium">[http://herbarium.0-700.pl/Akacje.html Acacia (Polish)]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Starr 031013-8001 Acacia auriculiformis.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia auriculiformis]]''</center> || 5-MeO-DMT in stem bark<ref>[http://leda.lycaeum.org/?ID=15931 Lycaeum]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia baileyana.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Cootamundra wattle|Acacia baileyana]]''
| 0.02% tryptamine and [[carboline|ß-carbolines]], in the leaf, Tetrahydro[[harman]]<ref name="shaman"/><ref name="seren">[http://www.serendipity.li/dmt/hoasca.html www.serendipity.com]</ref><ref name="chemotaxonomie" />
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia beauverdiana]]''</center> || Psychoactive<ref name="bushfood">[http://www.bushfood.net/viewtopic.php?p=3443 www.bushfood.net]</ref> Ash used in [[Pituri]].<ref name="enth">[http://www.entheology.org/edoto/anmviewer.asp?a=47 Duboisia hopwoodii - Pituri Bush - Solanaceae - Central America]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia-berlandieri-flowers4.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia berlandieri]]'' || DMT, [[amphetamines]], [[mescaline]], [[nicotine]]<ref>[http://www.cognitiveliberty.org/shulgin/adsarchive/acacia.htm Ask Dr. Shulgin Online: Acacias and Natural Amphetamine]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Koeh-003.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia catechu]]'' || DMT<ref name="sacred">[http://www.sacredelixirs.com/sacredelixirs-talks.htm Sacred Elixirs]</ref> and other tryptamines in leaf, bark
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acaciacaven29b.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia caven]]''</center> || Psychoactive<ref name="enzyk">Index of Rätsch, Christian. Enzyklopädie der psychoaktiven Pflanzen, Botanik, Ethnopharmakologie und Anwendungen, 7. Auflage. AT Verlag, 2004, 941 Seiten. ISBN 3855025703 at [http://www.deutschesfachbuch.de/info/detail.php?isbn=3855025703&part=4&word=] {{Languageicon|de|German}}</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia chundra]]''</center> || DMT and other tryptamines in leaf, bark
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia colei]]''</center> || DMT<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/science/k2/stn/q&a/notes/051027-9.htm www.abc.net.au]</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia complanata]]''</center> || 0.3% alkaloids in leaf and stem, almost all N-methyl-tetrahydroharman, with traces of tetrahydroharman, some of tryptamine<ref>[http://users.lycaeum.org/~mulga/acacia/comphy.html Acacia Complanata Phytochemical Studies]</ref><ref>[http://users.lycaeum.org/~mulga/acacia/entheo.html Lycaeum -- Acacias and Entheogens]</ref><ref>[http://leda.lycaeum.org/?ID=15796 Lycaeum]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Starr 050107-2872 Acacia confusa.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia confusa]]'' </center> || DMT & NMT in leaf, stem & bark 0.04% NMT and 0.02% DMT in stem.<ref name="shaman"/> Also N,N-dimethyltryptamine [[N-oxide]]<ref>[http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/mrc.1959 NMR spectral assignments of a new chlorotryptamine alkaloid and its analogues from Acacia confusa]
Malcolm S. Buchanan, Anthony R. Carroll, David Pass, Ronald J. Quinn
Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry
Volume 45, Issue 4 , Pages359 - 361.
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</ref>
|-
|<center>[[Image:A-cornigera.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia cornigera]]''</center> || Psychoactive,<ref name="enzyk"/> Tryptamines<ref name="fachforum">[http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:XL1yXM2FygQJ:www.naturheilpraxis.de/exclusiv/nh-online/2005/nhp05/a_nh-ff02.html+%22Acacia+farnesiana%22+tryptamine+-wikipedia&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=10&gl=us Naturheilpraxis Fachforum (German)]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia cultriformis leaves.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia cultriformis]]''</center> || Tryptamine, in the leaf, stem<ref name="shaman" /> and seeds.<ref name="herbarium" /> Phenethylamine in leaf and seeds<ref name="herbarium" />
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia cuthbertsonii]]''</center> || Psychoactive<ref name="bushfood" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia-decurrens-catalina.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia decurrens]]''</center> || Psychoactive,<ref name="enzyk" /> but less than 0.02% alkaloids<ref name="chemotaxonomie">[http://books.google.com/books?id=YpnboQBbw7EC&pg=PA336&lpg=PA336&dq=acacia+tryptamine&source=web&ots=0u_bIQPwCN&sig=Q1e_NiyQSMsv0gNT0gMjOrgTseM Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen By Robert Hegnauer]</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia delibrata]]''</center> || Psychoactive<ref name="bushfood" />
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia falcata]]''</center> || Psychoactive,<ref name="bushfood" /> but less than 0.02% alkaloids<ref name="chemotaxonomie" />
|-
|<center>[[Image:Acaciafarnesiana1web.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia farnesiana]]''</center> || Traces of 5-MeO-DMT<ref>[http://leda.lycaeum.org/?ID=15965 Lycaeum]</ref> in fruit. ß-methyl-phenethylamine, flower.<ref name="drduke2">[http://www.ars-grin.gov/duke/plants.html Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases]</ref> Ether extracts about 2-6% of the dried leaf mass.<ref name="rirdc.gov.au">[http://www.rirdc.gov.au/reports/AFT/03-024.pdf Wattle Seed Workshop Proceedings 12 March 2002, Canberra March 2003 RIRDC Publication No 03/024, RIRDC Project No WS012-06]</ref> Alkaloids are present in the bark<ref>[http://www.bpi.da.gov.ph/Publications/mp/pdf/a/aroma.pdf www.bpi.da.gov.ph]</ref> and leaves.<ref>[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Acacia_farnesiana.html Purdue University]</ref> Amphetamines and mescaline also found in tree.<ref name="fachforum" />
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia floribunda]]''</center> || Tryptamine, phenethylamine,<ref name="tax">{{cite book
| last = Hegnauer
| first = Robert
| authorlink =
| title = Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=9fDv1RYqIRkC&dq=chemotaxonomie+der+pflanzen&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=kkne5dmPiX&sig=iprrFOkR3ClREUcAyMORs0lGjdY#PPA290,M1
| publisher = Springer
| series =
| year = 1994
| doi =
| isbn = 3764329793
| page = 500 }}</ref> in flowers<ref name="herbarium" /> other tryptamines,<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://leda.lycaeum.org/?ID=16001
|title=Lycaeum > Leda > Acacia floribunda
|publisher=leda.lycaeum.org
|accessdate=2008-02-23
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia georginae]]''</center> || Psychoactive,<ref name="enzyk" /> plus deadly toxins
|-
|<center>[[Image:Acacia-horrida.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia horrida]]''</center></center> || Psychoactive<ref name="enzyk" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:A.Implexa.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia implexa]]''</center></center> || Psychoactive<ref name="magis">[http://wiki.magiskamolekyler.org/index.php?title=Lista_%c3%b6ver_hallucinogena_v%c3%a4xter,_svampar_och_djur wiki.magiskamolekyler.org (Swedish)]</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia jurema]]''</center> || DMT, NMT
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia karroo2.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Acacia karroo]]''</center> || Psychoactive
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia laeta]]''</center> || DMT, in the leaf<ref name="shaman" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia-longifolia-branch.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia longifolia]]''</center> || 0.2% tryptamine in bark, leaves, some in flowers, phenylethylamine in flowers,<ref name="tax" /> 0.2% DMT in plant.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://leda.lycaeum.org/?ID=15799
|title=Lycaeum > Leda > Acacia longifolia
|publisher=leda.lycaeum.org
|accessdate=2008-02-23
|last=
|first=
}}</ref> Histamine alkaloids.<ref name="chemotaxonomie" />
|-
| <center>''Acacia longifolia''</center><center> var. ''sophorae''</center> || Tryptamine in leaves, bark<ref name="herbarium" />
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia macradenia]]''</center> || Tryptamine<ref name="herbarium" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia maidenii.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia maidenii]]''</center> || 0.6% NMT and DMT in about a 2:3 ratio in the stem bark, both present in leaves<ref name="shaman" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Starr 031013-8002 Acacia mangium.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia mangium]]''</center> || Psychoactive<ref name="enzyk" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia melanoxylon branch.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia melanoxylon]]''</center> || DMT, in the bark and leaf,<ref>[http://extentech.sheetster.com/knowledgebase/wiki_search.jsp?search=acacia extentech.sheetster.com ]</ref> but less than 0.02% total alkaloids<ref name="chemotaxonomie" />
|-
|<center>[[Image:Acacia mellifera 3D-Modell.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia mellifera]]''</center> || DMT, in the leaf<ref name="shaman" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia-nilotica.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia nilotica]]''</center> || DMT, in the leaf<ref name="shaman" />
|-
| [[Acacia nilotica subsp. adstringens|<center>''Acacia nilotica'' </center><center>subsp. ''adstringens''</center>]] || Psychoactive, DMT in the leaf
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia obtusifolia]]''</center> || Tryptamine, DMT, NMT, other tryptamines,<ref name="magis">[http://wiki.magiskamolekyler.org/Lista_över_hallucinogena_växter,_svampar_och_djur wiki.magiskamolekyler.org (Swedish)]</ref> 0.4-0.5% in dried bark, 0.07% in branch tips.<ref>[http://users.lycaeum.org/~mulga/acacia/obtuphy.html Acacia obtusifolia Phytochemical Studies]</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia oerfota]]''</center> || Less than 0.1% DMT in leaf,<ref name="seren" /><ref>[http://www.drogen-forum.com/wiki/index.php/DMT-haltige_Pflanzen Plants Containing DMT (German)]</ref> NMT
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia penninervis]]''</center> || Psychoactive<ref name="bushfood" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia phlebophylla.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia phlebophylla]]''</center> || 0.3% DMT in leaf, NMT<ref name="shaman" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Starr 020911-0004 Acacia podalyriifolia.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia podalyriaefolia]]''</center> || Tryptamine in the leaf,<ref name="shaman" /> 0.5% to 2% DMT in fresh bark, phenethylamine, trace amounts<ref name="tax" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia polycantha.png|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia polyacantha]]''</center> || DMT in leaf<ref name="shaman" /> and other tryptamines in leaf, bark
|-
| <center>''Acacia polyacantha'' </center><center>ssp. ''campylacantha''</center> || Less than 0.2% DMT in leaf, NMT; DMT and other tryptamines in leaf, bark<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.hortipedia.org/de/index.php?title=Acacia_campylacantha
|title=Acacia campylacantha - Hortipedia
|publisher=www.hortipedia.org
|accessdate=2008-02-23
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia rigidula.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Acacia rigidula]]''</center> || DMT, NMT, tryptamine, traces of amphetamines, mescaline, nicotine and others<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://wiki.magiskamolekyler.org/Acacia_rigidula
|title=Acacia rigidula - Magiska Molekylers Wiki
|publisher=wiki.magiskamolekyler.org
|accessdate=2008-02-23
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia sassa]]''</center> || Psychoactive<ref name="enzyk"/>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia-schaffneri-seed-pods.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia schaffneri]]''</center> || ß-methyl-phenethylamine, [[Phenethylamine]]<ref name="chem">[http://uvalde.tamu.edu/pdf/chemtdaf.pdf Chemistry of Acacias from South Texas]</ref> Amphetamines and mescaline also found.<ref name="fachforum" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Koeh-004.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia senegal]]''</center> || Less than 0.1% DMT in leaf,<ref name="shaman" /> NMT, other tryptamines. DMT in plant,<ref name="drduke2" /> DMT in bark.<ref name="herbarium"/>
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia seyal]]''</center> || DMT, in the leaf.<ref name="shaman" /> Ether extracts about 1-7% of the dried leaf mass.<ref name="rirdc.gov.au"/>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Img00522-A-sieberiana.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Acacia sieberiana]]''</center> || DMT, in the leaf<ref name="shaman" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia simplex.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia simplex]]''</center>
|| DMT and NMT, in the leaf, stem and trunk bark, 0.81% DMT in bark, MMT<ref name="shaman" /><ref>[http://www.factorey.ch/Eins.htm Arbeitsstelle für praktische Biologie (APB)]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Eat267.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia tortilis]]''</center> || DMT, NMT, and other tryptamines<ref name="magis" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia vestita.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia vestita]]''</center> || Tryptamine, in the leaf and stem,<ref name="shaman"/> but less than 0.02% total alkaloids<ref name="chemotaxonomie"/>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Acacia victoriae]]''</center> || Tryptamines, 5-MeO-alkyltryptamine<ref name="herbarium"/>
|}

*''[[Albizia inundata]]'' leaves contain DMT.<ref name="enzyk"/>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
| <center>[[Image:Anadenanthera colubrina.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Anadenanthera colubrina]]''</center> ||
*[[Bufotenin]], Beans<ref name="uno">[http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/bulletin/bulletin_1965-01-01_2_page006.html?print=yes UNO]</ref><ref name="drduke">[http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=71 Dr. Duke's] Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases</ref>
*Bufotenin oxide, Beans<ref name="uno" />
*N,N-[[Dimethyltryptamine]], Beans,<ref name="uno"/><ref name="drduke"/> pods<ref name="uno"/>
*N,N-[[Dimethyltryptamine]] oxide, Beans<ref name="uno"/>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil]]''</center> || [[Bufotenin]] and [[Dimethyltryptamine]] have been isolated from the seeds and seed pods, [[5-MeO-DMT]] from the bark of the stems.<ref name="herbo">[http://www.herbotecnia.com.ar/aut-curupay.html Herbotechnica (Spanish)]</ref> The seeds were found to contain 12.4% bufotenine, 0.06% 5-MeO-DMT and 0.06% [[dimethyltryptamine|DMT]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.erowid.org/archive/sonoran_desert_toad/ott.htm
|title=Bufo alvarius - Jonathan Ott on Bufotenine
|publisher=www.erowid.org
|accessdate=2008-02-23
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Anadenanthera peregrina.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Anadenanthera peregrina]]''</center> ||
*1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6-methoxy-2,9-dimethyl-[[beta-carboline]], Plant<ref name="drduke">[http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=72 Dr. Duke's] Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases</ref>
*1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6-methoxy-2-methyl-beta-carboline, Plant<ref name="drduke" />
*[[5-MeO-DMT|5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine]], Bark<ref name="drduke" />
*5-Methoxy-N-methyltryptamine, Bark<ref name="drduke" />
*[[Bufotenin]], Plant,<ref name="drduke" /> beans<ref name="uno"/>
*[[Bufotenin]] [[N-oxide]], Fruit<ref name="drduke" />, beans<ref name="uno" />
*N,N-Dimethyltryptamine-oxide, Fruit<ref name="drduke" /><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Ec5hNgYWHtkC&pg=RA2-PA313&lpg=RA2-PA313&dq=%22dmt+n+oxide%22&source=web&ots=BqP13bWy2d&sig=YDxzS2LNTLuBTLU8F3bPdEX0oWY Psychedelics Encyclopedia By Peter G. Stafford, p. 313.]</ref>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina]]''</center> ||
[[Bufotenine]] is in the seeds.<ref name="pubmed">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11718320&dopt=Citation PubMed]</ref>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Fern1.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Desmanthus illinoensis]]''</center> || 0% - 0.34% DMT in root bark, highly variable.<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/ayahuasca_apa/aya_sec3_part2_desmanthus.shtml Desmanthus (Ayahuasca: alkaloids, plants & analogs)]</ref> Also [[NMT]], N-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, 2-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, and [[gramine]] (toxic).<ref>
{{cite book
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bUV8C6iLFkEC&pg=PA236&lpg=PA236&dq=%22Mimosa+somnians%22&source=web&ots=5KzgBm6X_5&sig=Rh_GpZxz_cB0AX73SDgeIpkvl84&hl=en#PPA199,M1
|title=Google Book Search
|publisher=books.google.com
|accessdate=2008-05-08
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Desmanthus leptolobus drawing.jpeg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Desmanthus leptolobus]]''</center> || 0.14% DMT in root bark, more reliable than D. illinoensis<ref name=autogenerated1 />
|-
| <center>''[[Desmodium caudatum]]''<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?311307
|title=Desmodium caudatum information from NPGS/GRIN
|publisher=www.ars-grin.gov
|accessdate=2008-05-02
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref></center><center>(syn. ''Ohwia caudata'' )</center> || Roots: 0.087% DMT,<ref name="trout-desmodium">[http://trout.yage.net/sc/D2_2004_Trout.pdf Trout's Notes on Desmodium]</ref> Bufotenine-N-oxide 0.03%
|-
| <center>[[Image:Desmodium gangeticum.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Desmodium gangeticum]]''</center> || DMT, 5-MEO-DMT, whole plant, roots, stems, leaves<ref name="hoasca">{{cite web
|url=http://www.serendipity.li/dmt/hoasca.html
|title=Ayahuasca Analogues
|publisher=www.serendipity.li
|accessdate=2008-04-28
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Desmodium intortum]]''</center> || Bufotentine, DMT<ref>[http://www.crcsalinity.com/documents/key_publications/Pharma-neutra%20bull%20final.pdf Pharmaceutical-Neutraceutical Bulletin, Final]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Codariocalyx motorius Taub39.png|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Codariocalyx motorius]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Desmodium gyrans'')</center> || DMT, 5-MEO-DMT, leaves, roots<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| <center>''[[Desmodium racemosum]]''</center> || 5-MEO-DMT<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Starr 020803-0111 Desmodium triflorum.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Desmodium triflorum]]''</center> || 0.0004% DMT-N-oxide, roots,<ref name="trout-desmodium"/> less in stems<ref name="trout-desmodium"/> and trace in leaves.<ref name="trout-desmodium"/>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Lespedeza capitata habit.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Lespedeza capitata]]''</center> ||
|-
| <center>[[Image:Lespedeza ja02.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Lespedeza bicolor]]''</center> || DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in leaves and roots<ref name="tryptamine-faq"/>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Lespedeza bicolor var. japonica]]''</center> || DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in leaves and root bark<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Mimosa ophthalmocentra]]''</center> || Dried root: DMT 1.6%, NMT 0.0012% and hordenine 0.0065%<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a714019539~db=all
|title=Isolation and Identification of Putative Hallucinogenic Constituents from the Roots of Mimosa ophthalmocentra - Pharmaceutical Biology
|publisher=www.informaworld.com
|accessdate=2008-04-20
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Mimosa-scabrella.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Mimosa scabrella]]''</center> || Tryptamine, NMT, DMT and N-methyltetrahydrocarboline in bark<ref>
{{cite book
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bUV8C6iLFkEC&pg=PA236&lpg=PA236&dq=%22Mimosa+somnians%22&source=web&ots=5KzgBm6X_5&sig=Rh_GpZxz_cB0AX73SDgeIpkvl84&hl=en#PPA208,M1
|title=Google Book Search
|publisher=books.google.com
|accessdate=2008-05-07
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Mimosa somnians]]''</center> || Trytamines and MMT
|-
| <center>[[Image:Mimosa Hostilis.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Mimosa tenuiflora]]''</center><center>(syn. "Mimosa hostilis")</center> || 0.31-0.57% [[Dimethyltryptamine|DMT]] (dry root bark).<ref>[http://www.erowid.org/ask/ask.php?ID=75 Ask Erowid ID 75]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[File:Mimosa verrucosa01.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Mimosa verrucosa]]''</center> || DMT<ref name="unodc2">
{{cite web
| url = http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/bulletin/bulletin_1969-01-01_4_page004.html
| title = UNODC Bulletin on Narcotics 1969
}}</ref> in root bark
|-
| <center>[[Image:Mucuna-pruriens-fruit.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Mucuna pruriens]]''</center> || "The leaves, seeds, stems and roots contain L-Dopa, Serotonin, 5-HTP, and Nicotine, as well as N,N-DMT, Bufotenine, and 5-MeO-DMT."<ref>[http://www.erowid.org/plants/mucuna_pruriens/ Erowid entry(2002)]</ref>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Petalostylis casseoides]]''</center> || 0.4-0.5% tryptamine, DMT, etc. in leaves and stems<ref name="tryptamine-faq"/>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Petalostylis labicheoides var. casseoides]]''</center> || DMT in leaves and stems<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Phyllodium pulchellum]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Desmodium pulchellum'')</center> || 0.2% 5-MeO-DMT, small quantities of DMT<ref name="tryptamine-faq"/> DMT (dominates in seedlings and young plants), 5-MEO-DMT (dominates in mature plant), whole plant, roots, stems, leaves, flowers<ref name="hoasca"/>
|}

''[[Erythrina flabelliformis]]'', other ''[[Erythrina]]'' species, seeds contain the alkaloids [[Erysodin]] and [[Erysovin]]<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.giftpflanzen.com/erythrina_flabelliformis.html
|title=Kalifornischer Korallenstrauch (Erythrina decora) im GIFTPFLANZEN.COMpendium - www.giftpflanzen.com
|publisher=www.giftpflanzen.com
|accessdate=2008-04-18
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>

| <center>[[Image:blank.jpg|100px]]</center>
<center>Unknown</center>
| [[Image:blank.jpg|100px]]
''[[Zornia latifolia]]''
| Zornia latifolia, is mentioned in Food of the Gods as "an hallucinogenic substitute for cannabis". It's nicknamed Maconha brava because locals use it as a cannabis substitute.
|-

====''[[Caesalpinioideae]]'' subfamily of Fabacaeae====
*''[http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/cgi-bin/texhtml.cgi?form=speciesfacts&genus=Petalostylis&species=cassioides Petalostylis cassioides]'': 0.4-0.5% tryptamine, DMT, etc. in leaves and stems<ref name="bluezoo">[http://bluezoo.org/tryptamines/plants.html Bluezoo Tryptamines]</ref>
*''[http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/cgi-bin/texhtml.cgi?form=speciesfacts&genus=Petalostylis&species=labicheoides Petalostylis labicheoides]'', Tryptamines in leaves and stems, MAO's up to 0.5%<ref name="dmt-nexus">[http://www.dmt-nexus.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=26 Plants Containing DMT]</ref>

===''[[Fumariaceae]]''===
| <center>[[Image:Bulbocapnine skeletal.svg|150px]]</center>
<center>[[Bulbocapnine]]</center>
| [[Image:Corydalis ambigua.jpg|150px]]
''[[Corydalis solida]], [[Corydalis cava]]''
| [[Bulbocapnine]], [[Nantenine]], [[Tetrahydropalmatine]]

===''[[Lamiaceae]]''===
| <center>[[Image:Lagochilin.png|150px]]</center>
<center>[[Lagochilin]]</center>
| [[Image:blank.jpg|150px]]
''[[Lagochilus inebrians]]''
| [[Lagochilin]] is thought to be responsible for the sedative, hypotensive and hemostatic effects of this plant.

|<center>[[Image:Leonurine.png|175px]]</center>
<center>[[Leonurine]]</center>
| [[Image:Leonotis leonurus flower.jpg|150px]]
''[[Leonotis leonurus]]''
|Both leaves and flowers (where most concentrated) contain [[Leonurine]]. (Effects reminiscent of marijuana)

| [[Image:Salvia divinorum - Herba de Maria.jpg|150px]]
''[[Salvia divinorum]]''
| Salvinorin A, 0.89-3.87 mg/g, also Salvinorin B and Salvinorin C<ref>[http://www.sagewisdom.org/clones.html Clones of Salvia divinorum]</ref>
|-

===''[[Lauraceae]]''===
*''[[Nectandra megapotamica]]'', NMT<ref name="dmt-nexus">[http://www.dmt-nexus.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?p=1828&sid=907c4141f55f0ecd5275b5ae22893feb Plants Containing DMT List]</ref>

===''[[Lythraceae]]''===
*''[[Heimia salicifolia]]'', auditory<ref name="sunicuichi faq">[http://www.erowid.org/plants/sinicuichi/sinicuichi_faq.shtml Sinicuichi FAQ]</ref>

===''[[Magnoliaceae]]''===
[[Image:Sweetbay Magnolia Magnolia virginiana Comparison 4400px.jpg|150px]]
''[[Magnolia virginiana]]''The leaves or bark have been placed in cupped hands over the nose and inhaled as a mild hallucinogen

===''[[Malpighiaceae]]''===
*''[[Banisteriopsis caapi]]'': Ayahuasca
*''[[Diplopterys cabrerana]]'': DMT 0.17-1.74%, average of 0.47% DMT<ref>[http://www.psychonaut.com/index.php?Itemid=11&option=com_forum&page=viewtopic&t=25189&lang=nl DMT Plants List]</ref>

===''[[Myristicaceae]]''===
*''[[Horsfieldia superba]]'': 5-MeO-DMT<ref name="tryptamine-faq"/> and beta-carbolines<ref name="bluezoo"/>
*''[[Iryanthera macrophylla]]'': 5-MeO-DMT in bark<ref name="tryptamine-faq"/>
*''[[Iryanthera ulei]]'': 5-MeO-DMT in bark<ref name="hoasca"/>
*''[[Osteophloem platyspermum]]'': DMT, 5-MeO-DMT in bark<ref name="hoasca"/>

====''[[Virola]]'' genus====
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
| ''[[Virola calophylla]]'' || Leaves 0.149% DMT, leaves 0.006% MMT<ref name="hoasca"/> 5-MeO-DMT in bark<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=1065
|title=Species Information
|publisher=sun.ars-grin.gov
|accessdate=2008-04-11
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| ''[[Virola callophylloidea]]'' || DMT
|-
| ''[[Virola carinata]]'' || DMT in leaves<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola cuspidata]]'' || DMT<ref name="dmt-nexus"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola divergens]]'' || DMT in leaves<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Virola-theiodora-1860.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Virola elongata]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Virola theiodora'')</center> || DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in bark, roots, leaves and flowers<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola melinonii]]'' || DMT in bark<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola multinervia]]'' || DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in bark and roots<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola pavonis]]'' || DMT in leaves<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola peruviana]]'' || 5-MEO-DMT, traces of DMT and 5-MeO-tryptamine in bark<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola rufula]]'' || Alkaloids in bark and root, 95% of which is MeO-DMT<ref name="tryptamines.com">[http://www.tryptamines.com/ www.tryptamines.com]</ref> 0.190% 5-MeO-DMT in bark,<ref name="hoasca"/> 0.135% 5-MeO-DMT in root, 0.092% DMT in leaves.<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola sebifera]]'' || The bark contains 0.065% to 0.25% alkaloids, most of which are DMT and 5-MeO-DMT.<ref name="emea">[http://www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/vet/mrls/060499en.pdf COMMITTEE FOR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS VIROLA SEBIFERA SUMMARY REPORT]</ref>
|-
| ''[[Virola surinamensis]]'' || DMT<ref name="dmt-nexus"/> in bark<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola venosa]]'' || DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in roots, leaves<ref name="hoasca"/> DMT
|}

===''[[Nitrariaceae]]''===
</li><li style="clear:both">''[[Peganum harmala]]'', (Syrian Rue), The seeds contain about 2-6% alkaloids, most of which is [[harmaline]].<ref>[http://www.amazing-nature.com/-i-43.html www.amazing-nature.com]</ref> Peganum harmala is also an [[abortifacient]]. [[Image:Peganum harmala1.jpg|thumb|left|80px]]

===''[[Nymphaeaceae]]''===
| [[Image:Nymphaea caerulea.jpg|150px]]
''[[Nymphaea caerulea]]''
|Recent studies have shown ''Nymphaea caerulea'' to have psychedelic properties, and may have been used as a sacrament in ancient Egypt and certain ancient South American cultures. Dosages of 5 to 10 grams of the flowers induces slight stimulation, a shift in thought processes, enhanced visual perception, and mild closed-eye visuals. ''Nymphaea caerulea'' is related to, and possesses similar activity as ''[[Nelumbo nucifera]]'', the Sacred Lotus. Both Nymphaea caerulea and Nelumbo nucifera contain the alkaloids [[nuciferine]] and [[apomorphine]], which have been recently isolated by independent labs.{{Citation needed|date=June 2007}}

These psychoactive effects make ''Nymphaea caerulea'' a likely candidate (among several) for the lotus plant eaten by the mythical [[Lotophagi]] in [[Homer]]'s [[Odyssey]].

Used in [[aromatherapy]], ''Nymphaea caerulea'' is purported to have a "divine" essence, bringing euphoria, heightened awareness and tranquility.{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}

Other sources cite anti-spasmodic and sedative, purifying and calming properties.
|<center>[[Image:Aporphine.svg|100px]]</center>
<center>[[Aporphine]]</center>

===''[[Ochnaceae]]''===
*''[[Testulea gabonensis]]'': 0.2% 5-MeO-DMT, small quantities of DMT,<ref name="tryptamine-faq"/> DMT in bark and root bark<ref name="hoasca"/>, NMT

===''[[Ochnaceae]]''===
Genus ''[[Pandanus]]'' (Screw Pine): DMT in nuts<ref name="tryptamine-faq"/>

===''[[Papaveraceae]]''===

The most famous member of this family is the [[Opium poppy]].

| <center>[[Image:blank.jpg|100px]]</center>
<center></center>
| [[Image:Stachelmohn.JPG|100px]]
''[[Argemone mexicana]]''
| Used by Chinese residents of Mexico during the early 20th century as a legal substitute for opium and currently smoked as a marijuana substitute.

| <center>[[Image:Glaucine.png|150px]]</center>
<center>[[Glaucine]]</center>
| [[Image:Glaucium flavum03.jpg|150px]]
''[[Glaucium flavum]]''
| [[Glaucine]]

===''[[Passifloraceae]]''===
</li><li style="clear:both">''[[Passiflora caerulea]]'', Harman [[Image:PassifloraCaerulea Bluete von oben.jpg|thumb|left|80px]]
</li><li style="clear:both">''[[Passiflora incarnata]]'' contains Harmine, Harmaline, Harman, etc. 0.03%.<ref name="drugs.com">[http://www.drugs.com/npp/passion-flower.html www.drugs.com]</ref>

===''[[Piperaceae]]''===

| <center>[[Image:Kavalactone General Structure.PNG|150px]]</center>
<center>[[Kavalactones]]</center>
| [[Image:Starr 040318-0058 Piper methysticum.jpg|150px]]
''[[Piper methysticum]]''
| [[Kavalactones]]

===''[[Poaceae]]'' (Gramineae)===

Some Graminae (grass) species contain [[gramine]], which can cause brain damage, other organ damage, [[central nervous system]] damage and death in sheep.<ref>
{{cite book
|url=http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&id=eASgQyXq8xMC&oi=fnd&pg=PA169&dq=%22mimosa+hostilis%22+dimethyltryptamine&ots=pe6oz-oODM&sig=D6kaAQYmEqSOkJ4kkztPcm2K10I#PPA171,M1
|title=Toxicants of Plant Origin - Google Book Search
|publisher=books.google.com
|accessdate=2008-04-20
|last=
|first=
}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
| '''Species''' || <center>'''Alkaloids (Dried)'''</center>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Arundo.donax1web.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Arundo donax]]''</center> || <center>0.0057% DMT in dried rhizome, no stem, 0.026% bufotenine, 0.0023% 5-MeO-MMT<ref name="erowid1">[http://www.erowid.org/plants/arundo_donax/arundo_donax_info1.shtml Erowid Arundo Donax Info Page 1]</ref></center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Phalaris aquatica.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Phalaris aquatica]]''</center> || <center>0.0007-0.18% Total alkaloids,<ref name="lycaeum" /> 0.100% DMT,<ref name="erowid">[http://www.erowid.org/plants/phalaris/phalaris_faq.shtml Erowid Phalaris FAQ]</ref> 0.022% 5-MeO-DMT,<ref name="erowid" /> 0.005% 5-OH-DMT<ref name="erowid" /></center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Rietgras bloeiwijze Phalaris arundinacea.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Phalaris arundinacea]]''</center> || <center>0.0004-0.121% Total alkaloids<ref name="lycaeum">[http://nepenthes.lycaeum.org/Plants/Phalaris/DMTLU.html Lycaeum]</ref></center>
|-
| <center>''[[Phalaris brachystachys]]'' </center>|| <center>Aerial parts up to 3% total alkaloids, DMT present{{Citation needed|date=September 2007}}</center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Phragmites australis Schilfrohr.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Phragmites australis]]''</center> || <center>DMT in roots<ref name="hoasca"/></center>
|}
None of the above alkaloids are said to have been found in ''[[Phalaris californica]]'', ''[[Phalaris canariensis]]'', ''[[Phalaris minor]]'' and hybrids of ''P. arundinacea'' together with ''P. aquatica''.<ref name="lycaeum" />

===''[[Polygonaceae]]''===
*''[[Erigonum]]'' sp.: DMT<ref name="hoasca"/>

===''[[Punicaceae]]''===
*''[[Punica granatum]]'' "DMT in root cortex;"<ref name="dmt-nexus"/> The dried stem and root bark of the tree contain about 0.4-0.9% alkaloids.<ref>[http://www.herbdatanz.com/pomeganate.htm Pomegranate (Herbdata New Zealand)]</ref>

===''[[Rubiaceae]]''===

''[[Mitragyna speciosa]]'' also known as "Kratom" is a plant which leaf is used for it's opiod effect.[[Image:Kratomtree.jpg?|150px]]
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
| <center>'''Species'''</center> || <center>'''Alkaloids (Dried)'''</center>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Psychotria carthagenensis]]''</center> ||<center>0.2% average DMT in dried leaves<ref name="hoasca"/></center>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Psychotria expansa]]''</center> ||<center>DMT<ref name="dmt-nexus"/></center>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Psychotria forsteriana]]''</center> ||<center>DMT<ref name="dmt-nexus"/></center>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Psychotria insularum]]''</center> ||<center>DMT<ref name="dmt-nexus"/></center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Psychotria poeppigiana.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Psychotria poeppigiana]]'' [http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Psychotria+poeppigiana]</center> ||<center>DMT<ref name="dmt-nexus"/></center>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Psychotria rostrata]]''</center> ||<center>DMT<ref name="dmt-nexus"/></center>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Psychotria rufipilis]]''</center> ||<center>DMT<ref name="dmt-nexus"/></center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Psychotria viridis.gif|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Psychotria viridis]]''</center> || <center>DMT 0.1-0.61% dried mass.<ref>[http://www.amazing-nature.com/-i-36.html?osCsid=38ad41e62a454589a0afd2d17ae0fa40 Amazing Nature]</ref></center>
|}

===''[[Rutaceae]]''===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
| <center>'''Species'''</center> || <center>'''Alkaloids (Dried)'''</center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Dictyoloma incanescens.png|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Dictyoloma incanescens]]''</center>||<center>5-MeO-DMT in leaves,<ref name="hoasca"/><ref name="tryptamines.com"/> 0.04% 5-MeO-DMT in bark<ref name="tryptamine-faq">[http://www.erowid.org/psychoactives/faqs/faqs_tryptamine.shtml Erowid Tryptamine FAQ]</ref> </center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Dutaillyea drupacea]]''</center>||<center> > 0.4 % 5-MeO-DMT in leaves<ref name="magis"/><ref name="hoasca"/></center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Dutaillyea oreophila]]''</center>||<center> 5-MeO-DMT in leaves<ref name="hoasca"/></center>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Rutaceae sp SZ21.png|250px]]</center><center>''[[Tetradium ruticarpum]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Evodia rutaecarpa'')</center>||<center> 5-MeO-DMT in leaves,<ref name="hoasca"/> fruit and roots</center>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Limonia acidissima syn Limonia elephantum or Fernonia limonia (wood-apple) in Talakona forest, AP W IMG 8334.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Limonia acidissima]]''</center>||<center> 5-MeO-DMT in stems<ref name="hoasca"/></center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Euodia leptococca]]'' (formerly ''Melicope'')</center>||<center> 0.2% total alkaloids, 0.07% 5-MeO-DMT; 5-MeO-DMT in leaves and stems,<ref name="hoasca"/> also "5-MeO-DMT-Oxide and a beta-carboline"<ref name="bluezoo"/></center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Pilocarpus organensis]]''</center>||<center> 5-MeO-DMT in leaves<ref name="hoasca"/></center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Vepris ampody]]''</center>||<center> Up to 0.2% DMT in leaves and branches<ref name="hoasca"/><ref name="tryptamine-faq"/></center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Zanthoxylum arborescens]]''</center>||<center>DMT in leaves<ref name="hoasca"/></center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Zanthoxylum procerum]]''</center>||<center>DMT in leaves<ref name="hoasca"/></center>
|}

===''[[Turneraceae]]''===

| <center>[[Image:blank.jpg|150px]]</center>
<center>[[Damianin]]</center>
| [[Image:Tunera diffusa 2.jpg|150px]]
''[[Turnera diffusa]]''
| [[Damianin]]

===''[[Urticaceae]]''===
*''[[Urtica pilulifera]]'': Bufotenin<ref name="dmt-nexus"/>

==See also==
*[[Aztec entheogenic complex]]
*[[Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record]]
*[[List of Entheogens]]
*[[List of poisonous plants]]
*[[List of plants containing beta-carbolines]]
*[[List of plants used for smoking]]
*[[Louisiana State Act 159]]
*[[Psilocybin mushrooms]]
*[[Psychoactive animals]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.salviadivinorumblog.com The Salvia Divinorum Blog Research And Information]
* [http://forum.salviadivinorumblog.com The Salvia Divinorum Mass Distribution Project]
*[http://users.lycaeum.org/~iamklaus/botany.htm# Descriptions of psychoactive Cacti. Lycaeum Visionary Cactus Guide]
* [http://drugreviews.info "Herbal Highs - Legal Buds Reviews"] Components of street drug alternatives sold and used legally.
*[http://www.erowid.org/psychoactives/faqs/faqs_tryptamine.shtml Erowid Tryptamine FAQ -- More Plants Containing Tryptamines]
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=te53VV5u8YMC&pg=RA1-PA124&lpg=RA1-PA124&dq=erythrina+alkaloids&source=web&ots=e5SBqn4GS7&sig=JdEQoIKcYwAM7N_cTUtCQNhl6Hc John Stephen Glasby, Dictionary of Plants Containing Secondary Metabolites, Published by CRC Press]
*[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/golden_guide/g91-100.shtml Golden Guide to Hallucinogenic Plants]
*[http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/158/3/481 Hallucinogens on the Internet: A Vast New Source of Underground Drug Information John H. Halpern, M.D. and Harrison G. Pope, Jr., M.D.]
*[http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/uploads/approved/adt-QGU20070710.160928/public/02Whole.pdf Peter L. Katavic, Chemical Investigations of the Alkaloids From the Plants Of The Family [[Elaeocarpaceae]]], School of Science/Natural Product Discovery (NPD), Faculty of Science, Griffith University
*[http://www.erowid.org/archive/rhodium/chemistry/shulgin.pea.sar.hop.html Alexander T. Shulgin, Psychotomimetic Drugs: Structure-Activity Relationships]
*[http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/bulletin/bulletin_1969-01-01_4_page004.html UNODC The plant kingdom and hallucinogens (part II)]
*[http://www.unodc.org/unodc/bulletin/bulletin_1970-01-01_1_page005.html?print=yes UNODC The plant kingdom and hallucinogens (part III)]
*[http://www.bio.uu.nl/~herba/Guyana/VTGG/Myristicaceae/Virola/index.html Virola -- Dried Herbarium Specimens]
*[http://images.nbii.gov/search_results.php Virola Species Pictures -- USGS]
*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=DEIL ''Desmanthus illinoensis'' -- USDA]
*[http://www.ayahuasca-info.com/ A General Introduction to Ayahuasca]
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=iEVeFOLc_FUC&pg=PA93&lpg=PA93&dq=%22Prestonia+amazonica%22&source=web&ots=WWANl44f-H&sig=7EuWEQsMW3yVHi56Ks0BfjJhf44&hl=en#PPA92,M1 Psychedelic Reader (Google Books)]

[[Category:Poisonous plants]]
[[Category:Entheogens]]
[[Category:Herbal and fungal hallucinogens]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]