https://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=LaurenceGardenology.org - Plant Encyclopedia and Gardening Wiki - User contributions [en]2026-04-11T10:48:09ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.35.3https://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Poncirus_trifoliata&diff=27321Poncirus trifoliata2009-06-24T19:45:41Z<p>Laurence: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__{{Plantbox<br />
| name = ''Poncirus trifoliata''<br />
| common_names = <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank --><br />
| growth_habit = trees<br />
| high = 4m <!--- 1m (3 ft) --><br />
| wide = 3m <!--- 65cm (25 inches) --><br />
| origin = Asia <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc --><br />
| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous --><br />
| lifespan = perennial<br />
| exposure = ? <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) --><br />
| water = ? <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak --><br />
| features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive --><br />
| hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc --><br />
| bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers --><br />
| usda_zones = ? <!--- eg. 8-11 --><br />
| sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available --><br />
| color = white<br />
| image = Poncirus sml.jpg<br />
| image_width = 180px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical --><br />
| image_caption = ''Poncirus trifoliata'' <br />
| regnum = Plantae<br />
| divisio = Sapindales<br />
| classis = Rutaceae<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = <br />
| genus = Poncirus trifoliata<br />
}}<br />
{{Inc|<br />
Fruit and branches of Poncirus trifoliata from the Botanical Garden of Parc Borély in Marseilles, France (in March)<br />
}}<br />
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==Cultivation==<br />
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Propagation===<br />
{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
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===Pests and diseases===<br />
{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
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==Species==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery --><br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 1<br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 2<br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 3<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{wplink}}<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
[[Category:Categorize]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<!-- in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions! --></div>Laurencehttps://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Poncirus_trifoliata&diff=27320Poncirus trifoliata2009-06-24T19:42:45Z<p>Laurence: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__{{Plantbox<br />
| name = ''Poncirus trifoliata''<br />
| common_names = <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank --><br />
| growth_habit = trees<br />
| high = 4m <!--- 1m (3 ft) --><br />
| wide = 3m <!--- 65cm (25 inches) --><br />
| origin = Asia <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc --><br />
| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous --><br />
| lifespan = perennial<br />
| exposure = ? <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) --><br />
| water = ? <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak --><br />
| features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive --><br />
| hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc --><br />
| bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers --><br />
| usda_zones = ? <!--- eg. 8-11 --><br />
| sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available --><br />
| color = white<br />
| image = Poncirus sml.jpg<br />
| image_width = 180px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical --><br />
| image_caption = ''Poncirus trifoliata'' <br />
| regnum = Plantae<br />
| divisio = Sapindales<br />
| classis = Rutaceae<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = <br />
| genus = Poncirus trifoliata<br />
}}<br />
{{Inc|<br />
fruit and branches of Poncirus trifoliata from the Botanical Garden of Parc Borelli in Marseilles, France<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Cultivation==<br />
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Propagation===<br />
{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Pests and diseases===<br />
{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
==Species==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery --><br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 1<br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 2<br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 3<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{wplink}}<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
[[Category:Categorize]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<!-- in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions! --></div>Laurencehttps://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Poncirus_trifoliata&diff=27319Poncirus trifoliata2009-06-24T19:41:29Z<p>Laurence: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__{{Plantbox<br />
| name = ''Poncirus trifoliata''<br />
| common_names = <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank --><br />
| growth_habit = trees<br />
| high = 4m <!--- 1m (3 ft) --><br />
| wide = 3m <!--- 65cm (25 inches) --><br />
| origin = Asia <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc --><br />
| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous --><br />
| lifespan = perennial<br />
| exposure = ? <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) --><br />
| water = ? <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak --><br />
| features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive --><br />
| hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc --><br />
| bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers --><br />
| usda_zones = ? <!--- eg. 8-11 --><br />
| sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available --><br />
| color = white<br />
| image = Poncirus sml.jpg<br />
| image_width = 180px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical --><br />
| image_caption = ''Poncirus trifoliata'' fruit and branches from the Botanical Garden in Marseilles, France<br />
| regnum = Plantae<br />
| divisio = Sapindales<br />
| classis = Rutaceae<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = <br />
| genus = Poncirus trifoliata<br />
}}<br />
{{Inc|<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Cultivation==<br />
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Propagation===<br />
{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Pests and diseases===<br />
{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
==Species==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery --><br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 1<br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 2<br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 3<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{wplink}}<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
[[Category:Categorize]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<!-- in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions! --></div>Laurencehttps://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Poncirus_trifoliata&diff=27318Poncirus trifoliata2009-06-24T19:37:22Z<p>Laurence: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__{{Plantbox<br />
| name = ''Poncirus''<br />
| common_names = <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank --><br />
| growth_habit = trees<br />
| high = 4m <!--- 1m (3 ft) --><br />
| wide = 3m <!--- 65cm (25 inches) --><br />
| origin = Asia <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc --><br />
| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous --><br />
| lifespan = perennial<br />
| exposure = ? <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) --><br />
| water = ? <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak --><br />
| features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive --><br />
| hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc --><br />
| bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers --><br />
| usda_zones = ? <!--- eg. 8-11 --><br />
| sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available --><br />
| color = white<br />
| image = Poncirus sml.jpg<br />
| image_width = 180px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical --><br />
| image_caption = ''Poncirus trifoliata'' fruit and branches from the Botanical Garden in Marseilles, France<br />
| regnum = Plantae<br />
| divisio = Sapindales<br />
| classis = Rutaceae<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = <br />
| genus = Poncirus trifoliata<br />
}}<br />
{{Inc|<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Cultivation==<br />
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Propagation===<br />
{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Pests and diseases===<br />
{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
==Species==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery --><br />
[[Image:Northern Catalpa beanpods.jpg|left|250px|thumb|Beanpods and leaf details of the Northern Catalpa.]]<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:CatalpaFlowerCloseup.jpg| Flower of Catalpa tree<br />
Image:Catalpa.jpg| Catalpa<br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 3<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{wplink}}<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
[[Category:Categorize]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<!-- in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions! --></div>Laurencehttps://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=File:Poncirus_sml.jpg&diff=27317File:Poncirus sml.jpg2009-06-24T19:36:28Z<p>Laurence: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Laurencehttps://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Poncirus_trifoliata&diff=27316Poncirus trifoliata2009-06-24T19:35:07Z<p>Laurence: New page: __NOTOC__{{Plantbox | name = ''Poncirus'' | common_names = <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank --> | growth_habit = trees | high = 4m <!--- 1m (3 ft) --> | wide = 3m ...</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__{{Plantbox<br />
| name = ''Poncirus''<br />
| common_names = <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank --><br />
| growth_habit = trees<br />
| high = 4m <!--- 1m (3 ft) --><br />
| wide = 3m <!--- 65cm (25 inches) --><br />
| origin = Asia <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc --><br />
| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous --><br />
| lifespan = perennial<br />
| exposure = ? <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) --><br />
| water = ? <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak --><br />
| features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive --><br />
| hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc --><br />
| bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers --><br />
| usda_zones = ? <!--- eg. 8-11 --><br />
| sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available --><br />
| color = white<br />
| image = Poncirus_sml.jpg<br />
| image_width = 180px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical --><br />
| image_caption = ''Poncirus trifoliata'' fruit and branches from the Botanical Garden in Marseilles, France<br />
| regnum = Plantae<br />
| divisio = Sapindales<br />
| classis = Rutaceae<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = <br />
| genus = Poncirus trifoliata<br />
}}<br />
{{Inc|<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Cultivation==<br />
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Propagation===<br />
{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Pests and diseases===<br />
{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
==Species==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery --><br />
[[Image:Northern Catalpa beanpods.jpg|left|250px|thumb|Beanpods and leaf details of the Northern Catalpa.]]<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:CatalpaFlowerCloseup.jpg| Flower of Catalpa tree<br />
Image:Catalpa.jpg| Catalpa<br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 3<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{wplink}}<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
[[Category:Categorize]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<!-- in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions! --></div>Laurencehttps://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Major_tree_genera&diff=27315Major tree genera2009-06-24T19:21:19Z<p>Laurence: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Major tree genera==<br />
=== Flowering plants (Magnoliophyta; angiosperms) ===<br />
====Dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida; broadleaf or hardwood trees)====<br />
* [[Altingiaceae]] ([[Sweetgum]] family)<br />
** [[Sweetgum]], ''Liquidambar'' species<br />
* [[Anacardiaceae]] ([[Cashew]] family)<br />
** [[Cashew]], ''Anacardium occidentale''<br />
** [[Mango]], ''Mangifera indica'' [[Image:NamadgiTree.jpg|thumb|''Eucalyptus niphophila'' in [[Namadgi National Park]]]]<br />
** [[Pistachio]], ''Pistacia vera''<br />
** [[Sumac]], ''Rhus'' species<br />
** [[Toxicodendron|Lacquer tree]], ''Toxicodendron verniciflua''<br />
*[[Annonaceae]] ([[Custard apple]] family) <br />
** [[Cherimoya]] ''Annona cherimola'' <br />
** [[Custard apple]] ''Annona reticulata'' <br />
** [[Pawpaw]] ''Asimina triloba'' <br />
** [[Soursop]] ''Annona muricata''<br />
* [[Apocynaceae]] ([[Dogbane]] family)<br />
** [[Pachypodium]] ''Pachypodium'' species<br />
* [[Aquifoliaceae]] ([[Holly]] family)<br />
**[[Holly]], ''Ilex'' species<br />
* [[Araliaceae]] ([[Hedera|Ivy]] family)<br />
** [[Kalopanax]], ''Kalopanax pictus'' [[Image:birchandmaple.jpg|thumb|[[Birch]] tree (foreground) and [[maple]] tree (background) in fall.]]<br />
* [[Betulaceae]] ([[Birch]] family)<br />
** [[Alder]], ''Alnus'' species<br />
** [[Birch]], ''Betula'' species<br />
** [[Hornbeam]], ''Carpinus'' species<br />
** [[Hazel]], ''Corylus'' species<br />
*[[Bignoniaceae]] (family)<br />
**[[Catalpa]], ''Catalpa'' species<br />
* [[Cactaceae]] ([[Cactus]] family)<br />
** [[Saguaro]], ''Carnegiea gigantea''<br />
* [[Cannabaceae]] ([[Cannabis (genus)|Cannabis]] family)<br />
** [[Hackberry]], ''Celtis'' species<br />
* [[Cornaceae]] ([[Dogwood]] family)<br />
** [[Dogwood]], ''Cornus'' species<br />
* [[Dipterocarpaceae]] family<br />
** [[Garjan]] ''Dipterocarpus'' species<br />
** [[Sal]] ''Shorea'' species <br />
* [[Ebenaceae]] ([[Persimmon]] family)<br />
** [[Diospyros|Persimmon]], ''Diospyros'' species<br />
* [[Ericaceae]] ([[Heath]] family)<br />
** [[Arbutus]], ''Arbutus'' species<br />
* [[Eucommiaceae]] ([[Eucommia]] family)<br />
** [[Eucommia]] ''Eucommia ulmoides '' <br />
* [[Fabaceae]] ([[Pea]] family)<br />
** [[Acacia]], ''Acacia'' species<br />
** [[Honey locust]], ''Gleditsia triacanthos''<br />
** [[Black locust]], ''Robinia pseudoacacia''<br />
** [[Laburnum]], ''Laburnum'' species<br />
** [[Caesalpinia echinata|Pau Brasil]], Brazilwood, ''Caesalpinia echinata''<br />
* [[Fagaceae]] ([[Beech]] family )<br />
** [[Chestnut]], ''Castanea'' species<br />
** [[Beech]], ''Fagus'' species<br />
** [[Southern beech]], ''Nothofagus'' species<br />
** [[Tanoak]], ''Lithocarpus densiflorus''<br />
** [[Oak]], ''Quercus'' species<br />
* [[Fouquieriaceae]] ([[Boojum tree|Boojum]] family)<br />
** [[Boojum tree|Boojum]], ''Fouquieria columnaris''<br />
* [[Hamamelidaceae]] ([[Witch-hazel]] family)<br />
** [[Parrotia persica|Persian Ironwood]], ''Parrotia persica''<br />
* [[Juglandaceae]] ([[Walnut]] family)<br />
** [[Walnut]], ''Juglans'' species<br />
** [[Hickory]], ''Carya'' species<br />
** [[Wingnut]], ''Pterocarya'' species<br />
* [[Lauraceae]] ([[Bay laurel|Laurel]] family)<br />
** [[Cinnamon]] ''Cinnamomum zeylanicum''<br />
** [[Bay Laurel]] ''Laurus nobilis''<br />
** [[Avocado]] ''Persea americana''<br />
* [[Lecythidaceae]] ([[Lecythidaceae|Paradise nut]] family)<br />
** [[Brazil Nut]] ''Bertholletia excelsa''<br />
* [[Lythraceae]] [[Loosestrife]] family<br />
** [[Crape-myrtle]] ''Lagerstroemia'' species<br />
* [[Magnoliaceae]] ([[Magnolia]] family)<br />
** [[Liriodendron|Tulip tree]], ''Liriodendron'' species<br />
** [[Magnolia]], ''Magnolia'' species<br />
* [[Malvaceae]] ([[Mallow]] family; including [[Tilia|Tiliaceae]] and [[Bombacaceae]]) [[Image:Baobab Kruger 2003.jpg|right|thumb|Baobab tree in South-Africa.]]<br />
** [[Baobab]], ''Adansonia'' species<br />
** [[Silk-cotton tree]], ''Bombax'' species<br />
** [[Brachychiton|Bottletree]]s, ''Brachychiton'' species<br />
** [[Kapok]], ''Ceiba pentandra''<br />
** [[Durian]], ''Durio zibethinus''<br />
** [[Balsa]], ''Ochroma lagopus''<br />
** [[Cacao]] ([[cocoa]]), ''Theobroma cacao''<br />
** [[Tilia|Linden]] (Basswood, Lime), ''Tilia'' species<br />
* [[Meliaceae]] ([[Mahogany]] family)<br />
** [[Neem]], ''Azadirachta indica''<br />
** [[Bead tree]], ''Melia azedarach''<br />
** [[Mahogany]], ''Swietenia mahagoni''<br />
* [[Moraceae]] ([[Mulberry]] family) [[Image:Applebox.JPG|thumb|right|''[[Eucalyptus|Eucalyptus bridgesiana]]'' on [[Red Hill, Australian Capital Territory]].]]<br />
** [[Ficus|Fig]], ''Ficus'' species<br />
** [[Mulberry]], ''Morus'' species<br />
* [[Myristicaceae]] ([[Nutmeg]] family)<br />
** [[Nutmeg]], ''Mysristica fragrans''<br />
* [[Myrtaceae]] ([[Myrtle]] family)<br />
** [[Eucalyptus]], ''Eucalyptus'' species<br />
** [[Myrtle]], ''Myrtus'' species<br />
** [[Guava]], ''Psidium guajava'' [[Image:Davidia1.jpg|right|thumb|[[Nyssaceae]]: ''a [[Dove tree]] in flower'']]<br />
* [[Nyssaceae]] ([[Tupelo]] family; sometimes included in [[Cornaceae]])<br />
** [[Tupelo]], ''Nyssa'' species<br />
** [[Dove tree]], ''Davidia involucrata''<br />
* [[Oleaceae]] ([[Olive]] family)<br />
** [[Olive]], ''Olea europaea''<br />
** [[Ash tree|Ash]], ''Fraxinus'' species<br />
*[[Paulownia]]ceae ([[Paulownia]] family)<br />
**[[Paulownia|Foxglove Tree]], ''Paulownia'' species<br />
* [[Platanaceae]] ([[Platanus|Plane]] family)<br />
** [[Platanus|Plane]], ''Platanus'' species<br />
* [[Rhizophoraceae]] ([[Mangrove]] family)<br />
** Red Mangrove, ''Rhizophora mangle''<br />
* [[Rosaceae]] ([[Rose]] family)<br />
** [[Rowan]]s, [[Whitebeam]]s, [[Sorbus|Service Trees]] ''Sorbus'' species<br />
** [[Crataegus|Hawthorn]], ''Crataegus'' species<br />
** [[Pear]], ''Pyrus'' species<br />
** [[Malus|Apple]], ''Malus'' species<br />
** [[Almond]], ''Prunus dulcis''<br />
** [[Peach]], ''Prunus persica''<br />
** [[Plum]], ''Prunus domestica''<br />
** [[Cherry]], ''Prunus'' species<br />
* [[Rubiaceae]] ([[Bedstraw]] family)<br />
** [[Coffea|Coffee]], ''Coffea'' species<br />
* [[Rutaceae]] ([[Rue]] family)<br />
** [[Citrus]], ''Citrus'' species<br />
** [[Cork-tree]], ''Phellodendron'' species<br />
** [[Poncirus trifoliata]], 'Citronnier Epineux'<br />
** [[Tetradium|Euodia]], ''Tetradium'' species<br />
* [[Salicaceae]] ([[Willow]] family)<br />
** [[Aspen]], ''Populus'' species<br />
** [[Poplar]], ''Populus'' species<br />
** [[Willow]], ''Salix'' species<br />
[[Image:yellowmaple.jpg|thumb|Yellow [[maple]] in fall.]]<br />
* [[Sapindaceae]] (including [[Aceraceae]], [[Aesculus|Hippocastanaceae]]) ([[Soapberry]] family)<br />
** [[Maple]], ''Acer'' species<br />
** [[Aesculus|Buckeye, Horse-chestnut]], ''Aesculus'' species<br />
** [[Mexican Buckeye]], ''Ungnadia speciosa''<br />
** [[Lychee]], ''Litchi sinensis''<br />
** [[Koelreuteria|Golden rain tree]], ''Koelreuteria''<br />
* [[Sapotaceae]] ([[Sapodilla]] family)<br />
**[[Argan]], ''Argania spinosa''<br />
** [[Gutta-percha]], ''Palaquium'' species<br />
** [[Tambalacoque]], or "dodo tree", ''Sideroxylon grandiflorum'', previously ''Calvaria major''<br />
* [[Simaroubaceae]] family<br />
** [[Ailanthus|Tree of heaven]], ''Ailanthus'' species<br />
* [[Theaceae]] ([[Camellia]] family)<br />
** [[Gordonia]], ''Gordonia'' species<br />
** [[Stuartia]], ''Stuartia'' species<br />
* [[Thymelaeaceae]] ([[Thymelaea]] family)<br />
** [[Ramin]], ''Gonystylus'' species<br />
* [[Ulmaceae]] ([[Elm]] family)<br />
** [[Elm]], ''Ulmus'' species<br />
** [[Zelkova]], ''Zelkova'' species<br />
* [[Verbenaceae]] family<br />
** [[Teak]], ''Tectona'' species<br />
<br />
====Monocotyledons (Liliopsida)====<br />
[[Image:1859-Martinique.web.jpg|right|thumb|Coconut Palm, a monocotyledonous tree.]]<br />
* [[Agavaceae]] ([[Agave]] family) <br />
** [[Cabbage tree (New Zealand)|Cabbage tree]], ''Cordyline australis''<br />
** [[Dragon tree]], ''Dracaena draco''<br />
** [[Joshua tree]], ''[[Yucca]] brevifolia''<br />
* [[Arecaceae]] (Palmae) ([[Arecaceae|Palm]] family)<br />
** [[Areca]] Nut, ''Areca catechu''<br />
** [[Coconut]] ''Cocos nucifera''<br />
** [[Date Palm]], ''Phoenix dactylifera''<br />
** [[Chusan Palm]], ''Trachycarpus fortunei''<br />
* [[Poaceae]] ([[grass]] family)<br />
** [[Bamboo]]s Poaceae subfamily Bambusoideae<br />
* Note that [[banana]] 'trees' are not actually trees; they are not woody nor is the stalk perennial.<br />
<br />
=== Conifers (Pinophyta; softwood trees)===<br />
* [[Araucariaceae]] ([[Araucaria]] family)<br />
** [[Araucaria]], ''Araucaria'' species<br />
** [[Agathis|Kauri]], ''Agathis'' species<br />
** [[Wollemia]], ''Wollemia nobilis''<br />
* [[Cupressaceae]] (Cypress family)<br />
** [[Cupressus|Cypress]], ''Cupressus'' species<br />
** [[Chamaecyparis|Cypress]], ''Chamaecyparis'' species<br />
** [[Juniper]], ''Juniperus'' species <br />
** [[Fitzroya|Alerce]] or Patagonian cypress, ''Fitzroya cupressoides''<br />
** [[Cryptomeria|Sugi]], ''Cryptomeria japonica''<br />
** [[Sequoia|Coast Redwood]], ''Sequoia sempervirens''<br />
** [[Sequoiadendron|Giant Sequoia]], ''Sequoiadendron giganteum''<br />
** [[Metasequoia|Dawn Redwood]], ''Metasequoia glyptostroboides''<br />
** [[Thuja plicata|Western Redcedar]] ''Thuja plicata''<br />
** [[Taxodium|Bald Cypress]], ''Taxodium'' species<br />
* [[Pinaceae]] ([[Pine]] family)<br />
** [[Pinus classification|White pine]], ''Pinus'' species<br />
** [[Pinus classification|Pinyon pine]], ''Pinus'' species<br />
** [[Pine]], ''Pinus'' species<br />
** [[Spruce]], ''Picea'' species<br />
** [[Larch]], ''Larix'' species<br />
** [[Douglas-fir]], ''Pseudotsuga'' species<br />
** [[Fir]], ''Abies'' species<br />
** [[Cedar]], ''Cedrus'' species<br />
* [[Podocarpaceae]] ([[Yellowwood]] family)<br />
** [[Afrocarpus|African Yellowwood]], ''Afrocarpus falcatus''<br />
** [[Podocarpus totara|Totara]], ''Podocarpus totara''<br />
** [[Prumnopitys ferruginea|Miro]], ''Prumnopitys ferruginea''<br />
** [[Dacrycarpus dacrydioides|Kahikatea]], ''Dacrycarpus dacrydioides''<br />
** [[Dacrydium cupressinum|Rimu]], ''Dacrydium cupressinum''<br />
* [[Sciadopitys|Sciadopityaceae]],<br />
** [[Sciadopitys|Kusamaki]], ''Sciadopitys'' species<br />
* [[Taxaceae]] ([[Taxus|Yew]] family)<br />
** [[Taxus|Yew]], ''Taxus'' species<br />
<br />
=== Ginkgos (Ginkgophyta)===<br />
* [[Ginkgo|Ginkgoaceae]] ([[Ginkgo]] family)<br />
** [[Ginkgo]], ''Ginkgo biloba''<br />
<br />
=== Cycads (Cycadophyta)===<br />
* [[Cycadaceae]] family<br />
** Ngathu [[cycad]], ''Cycas angulata''<br />
* [[Zamiaceae]] family<br />
** Wunu [[cycad]], ''Lepidozamia hopei''<br />
<br />
=== Ferns (Pterophyta)===<br />
* [[Cyatheaceae]] and [[Dicksoniaceae]] families<br />
** [[Tree fern]]s, ''Cyathea'', ''Alsophila'', ''Dicksonia'' (not a [[monophyletic]] group)</div>Laurencehttps://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Catalpa&diff=27314Catalpa2009-06-24T19:14:22Z<p>Laurence: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__{{Plantbox<br />
| name = ''Catalpa''<br />
| common_names = <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank --><br />
| growth_habit = trees<br />
| high = ? <!--- 1m (3 ft) --><br />
| wide = <!--- 65cm (25 inches) --><br />
| origin = ? <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc --><br />
| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous --><br />
| lifespan = perennial<br />
| exposure = ? <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) --><br />
| water = ? <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak --><br />
| features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive --><br />
| hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc --><br />
| bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers --><br />
| usda_zones = ? <!--- eg. 8-11 --><br />
| sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available --><br />
| color = IndianRed<br />
| image = Cataspec.jpg<br />
| image_width = 180px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical --><br />
| image_caption = ''Catalpa speciosa'' flowers, leaf and bark<br />
| regnum = Plantae<br />
| divisio = Magnoliophyta<br />
| classis = Magnoliopsida<br />
| ordo = Lamiales<br />
| familia = Bignoniaceae<br />
| genus = Catalpa<br />
}}<br />
{{Inc|<br />
Catalpa (the Indian name of C. bignonioides). Bignoniaceae. Ornamental trees, often cultivated for their handsome flowers appearing in large and showy panicles in summer, and for their heavy foliage.<br />
<br />
Leaves usually deciduous, opposite, long-petioled, entire or coarsely lobed: fls. in terminal panicles; calyx splitting irregularly or 2-lipped; corolla campanulate, 2-lipped, with 2 smaller upper and 3 larger lower lobes; fertile stamens 2, curved, with diverging anther-sacs, not exceeding the tube of the corolla; style 2-lobed at the apex; slightly longer than the stamens: fr. a very long cylindrical caps., separating into 2 valves, with numerous small oblong compressed seeds bearing a tuft of white hairs on each end.—About 10 species in N. Amer., W. India and E. Asia, of which 6 are hardy in the northern temperate regions.<br />
<br />
Catalpas are deciduous or rarely evergreen trees with opposite or sometimes whorled, long-petioled, large and simple leaves emitting in most species a disagreeable odor when bruised, and with white, pinkish or yellowish flowers in large and showy panicles followed by very long and narrow cylindric pods.<br />
<br />
The coarse-grained and soft wood is very durable in the ground, and, therefore, much valued for fence-psts and railway ties. Catalpa bignonioides and particularly C. speciosa are sometimes planted as avenue trees. For formal gardens, if low round-headed trees are desired, C. bignonioides var. nana is to be recommended. They grow in almost any somewhat moist soil, and are hardy as far north as New England. Propagated by seeds sown in spring, in the North, best with slight bottom heat, or by cuttings from ripe wood, the varieties often by softwood cuttings in early summer or by grafting on seedlings or on roots under glass in spring; also increased sometimes by layers and root cuttings.<br />
<br />
C. langissima, Sims. Tree to 50 ft.: lvs. oblong-ovate, coriaceous: fls. small, white. W. Indies; often planted as shade tree in Cuba.{{SCH}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Cultivation==<br />
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Propagation===<br />
{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Pests and diseases===<br />
{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
==Species==<br />
11 species, including{{wp}}:<br/><br />
''[[Catalpa bignonioides]]''<br/><br />
''[[Catalpa bungei]]''<br/><br />
''[[Catalpa fargesii]]''<br/><br />
''[[Catalpa longissima]]''<br/><br />
''[[Catalpa ovata]]''<br/><br />
''[[Catalpa punctata]]''<br/><br />
''[[Catalpa speciosa]]''<br/><br />
''[[Catalpa tibetica]]''<br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery --><br />
[[Image:Northern Catalpa beanpods.jpg|left|250px|thumb|Beanpods and leaf details of the Northern Catalpa.]]<br />
[[Image:Catalpa_Reading.JPG|left|250px|thumb|The Catalpa tree in Reading, UK.]]<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:CatalpaFlowerCloseup.jpg| Flower of Catalpa tree<br />
Image:Catalpa.jpg| Catalpa<br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 3<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963<br />
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --><br />
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --><br />
<!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{wplink}}<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
[[Category:Categorize]]<br />
[[Category:Bignoniaceae]]<br />
<br />
<!-- in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions! --></div>Laurencehttps://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=File:CatalpaFlowerCloseup.jpg&diff=27313File:CatalpaFlowerCloseup.jpg2009-06-24T19:12:33Z<p>Laurence: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Laurencehttps://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Catalpa&diff=27312Catalpa2009-06-24T19:11:21Z<p>Laurence: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__{{Plantbox<br />
| name = ''Catalpa''<br />
| common_names = <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank --><br />
| growth_habit = trees<br />
| high = ? <!--- 1m (3 ft) --><br />
| wide = <!--- 65cm (25 inches) --><br />
| origin = ? <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc --><br />
| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous --><br />
| lifespan = perennial<br />
| exposure = ? <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) --><br />
| water = ? <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak --><br />
| features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive --><br />
| hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc --><br />
| bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers --><br />
| usda_zones = ? <!--- eg. 8-11 --><br />
| sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available --><br />
| color = IndianRed<br />
| image = Cataspec.jpg<br />
| image_width = 180px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical --><br />
| image_caption = ''Catalpa speciosa'' flowers, leaf and bark<br />
| regnum = Plantae<br />
| divisio = Magnoliophyta<br />
| classis = Magnoliopsida<br />
| ordo = Lamiales<br />
| familia = Bignoniaceae<br />
| genus = Catalpa<br />
}}<br />
{{Inc|<br />
Catalpa (the Indian name of C. bignonioides). Bignoniaceae. Ornamental trees, often cultivated for their handsome flowers appearing in large and showy panicles in summer, and for their heavy foliage.<br />
<br />
Leaves usually deciduous, opposite, long-petioled, entire or coarsely lobed: fls. in terminal panicles; calyx splitting irregularly or 2-lipped; corolla campanulate, 2-lipped, with 2 smaller upper and 3 larger lower lobes; fertile stamens 2, curved, with diverging anther-sacs, not exceeding the tube of the corolla; style 2-lobed at the apex; slightly longer than the stamens: fr. a very long cylindrical caps., separating into 2 valves, with numerous small oblong compressed seeds bearing a tuft of white hairs on each end.—About 10 species in N. Amer., W. India and E. Asia, of which 6 are hardy in the northern temperate regions.<br />
<br />
Catalpas are deciduous or rarely evergreen trees with opposite or sometimes whorled, long-petioled, large and simple leaves emitting in most species a disagreeable odor when bruised, and with white, pinkish or yellowish flowers in large and showy panicles followed by very long and narrow cylindric pods.<br />
<br />
The coarse-grained and soft wood is very durable in the ground, and, therefore, much valued for fence-psts and railway ties. Catalpa bignonioides and particularly C. speciosa are sometimes planted as avenue trees. For formal gardens, if low round-headed trees are desired, C. bignonioides var. nana is to be recommended. They grow in almost any somewhat moist soil, and are hardy as far north as New England. Propagated by seeds sown in spring, in the North, best with slight bottom heat, or by cuttings from ripe wood, the varieties often by softwood cuttings in early summer or by grafting on seedlings or on roots under glass in spring; also increased sometimes by layers and root cuttings.<br />
<br />
C. langissima, Sims. Tree to 50 ft.: lvs. oblong-ovate, coriaceous: fls. small, white. W. Indies; often planted as shade tree in Cuba.{{SCH}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Cultivation==<br />
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Propagation===<br />
{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Pests and diseases===<br />
{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
==Species==<br />
11 species, including{{wp}}:<br/><br />
''[[Catalpa bignonioides]]''<br/><br />
''[[Catalpa bungei]]''<br/><br />
''[[Catalpa fargesii]]''<br/><br />
''[[Catalpa longissima]]''<br/><br />
''[[Catalpa ovata]]''<br/><br />
''[[Catalpa punctata]]''<br/><br />
''[[Catalpa speciosa]]''<br/><br />
''[[Catalpa tibetica]]''<br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery --><br />
[[Image:Northern Catalpa beanpods.jpg|left|250px|thumb|Beanpods and leaf details of the Northern Catalpa.]]<br />
[[Image:Catalpa_Reading.JPG|left|250px|thumb|The Catalpa tree in Reading, UK.]]<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 1<br />
Image:Catalpa.jpg| photo 2<br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 3<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963<br />
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --><br />
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --><br />
<!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{wplink}}<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
[[Category:Categorize]]<br />
[[Category:Bignoniaceae]]<br />
<br />
<!-- in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions! --></div>Laurencehttps://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=File:Catalpa.jpg&diff=27311File:Catalpa.jpg2009-06-24T19:06:33Z<p>Laurence: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Laurencehttps://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Lilium&diff=27310Lilium2009-06-24T19:00:41Z<p>Laurence: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Taxobox<br />
| color = lightgreen<br />
| name = ''Lilium''<br />
| image = 2000px_lillium_michiganese.jpg<br />
| image_width = 240px<br />
| image_caption = ''Lilium michiganense''<br />
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae<br />
| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]<br />
| classis = [[monocotyledon|Liliopsida]]<br />
| ordo = [[Liliales]]<br />
| familia = [[Liliaceae]]<br />
| genus = '''''Lilium'''''<br />
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]<br />
| subdivision_ranks = Species<br />
| subdivision = See text<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The plants of the [[genus]] '''''Lilium''''' are the true lily plants, comprising a genus of about 100 [[species]] in the lily family, [[Liliaceae]]. They are important as showy and large flowered garden plants, and in literature.<br />
<br />
==Range==<br />
Lilies are native to the northern temperate regions. Their range in the [[Old World]] extends across much of [[Europe]], the north [[Mediterranean]], across most of [[Asia]] to [[Japan]], south to the [[Nilgiri]] mountains in [[India]], and south to the [[Philippines]]. In the [[New World]] they extend from southern [[Canada]] through much of the [[United States]]. A few species formerly included within this genus have now been placed in other genera. These include ''[[Cardiocrinum]]'' and ''[[Nomocharis]]''. <br />
<br />
They are commonly adapted to either woodland habitats, often [[mountain|montane]], or sometimes to grassland habitats. A few can survive in marshland and a single one is known to live as an [[epiphyte]] (''L. arboricola''). In general they prefer moderately acidic or lime-free soils. <br />
<br />
<br />
==Botany==<br />
Lilies are usually erect leafy stemmed herbs. The majority of species form naked or tunic-less scaly underground [[bulb]]s from which they overwinter. In some North American species the base of the bulb develops into [[rhizome]]s, on which numerous small bulbs are found. Some species develop [[stolon]]s. A few species form bulbs at or near the soil surface . <br />
<br />
Many species form stem-roots. With these, the bulb grows naturally at some depth in the soil, and each year the new stem puts out [[adventitious]] roots above the bulb as it emerges from the soil. These roots are in addition to the basal roots that develop at the base of the bulb. <br />
<br />
The large [[flower]]s have three [[petals]] along with three petal-like [[sepal]]s, often fragrant, and come in a range of colours ranging through whites, yellows, oranges, pinks, reds, purples, bronze and even nearly black. Markings include spots, brush strokes and picotees. <br />
<br />
The plants are summer flowering. Most species are [[deciduous]], but ''Lilium candidum'' bears a basal rosette of leaves for much of the year. Flowers are formed at the top of a single erect stem, with leaves being borne at intervals up the stem.<br />
<br />
==Species==<br />
<br />
The following is a partial list of the recognised species. <br />
<br />
{|<br />
|- valign=top<br />
|<br />
*''[[Lilium albanicum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium amabile]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium amoenum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium anhuiense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium arboricola]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium auratum]]'' – Japanese golden rayed lily<br />
*''[[Lilium bakerianum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium bolanderi]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium bosniacum]]'' - Bosnian lily<br />
*''[[Lilium brevistylum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium brownii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium bulbiferum]]'' – [[Orange lily]]<br />
*''[[Lilium callosum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium canadense]]'' – [[Canada lily]]<br />
*''[[Lilium candidum]]'' – [[Madonna lily]]<br />
*''[[Lilium carniolicum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium catesbaei]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium cernuum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium chalcedonicum]]'' – Turkscap lily<br />
*''[[Lilium columbianum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium concolor]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium dauricum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium davidii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium distichum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium duchartrei]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium fargesii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium floridum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium formosanum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium grayi]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium habaense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium hansonii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium heldreichii]]''<br />
|<br />
*''[[Lilium henrici]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium henryi]]'' – Henry's lily<br />
*''[[Lilium huidongense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium humboldtii]]'' – [[Humboldt's lily]]<br />
*''[[Lilium iridollae]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium jankae]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium jinfushanense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium kelleyanum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium kelloggii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium lancifolium]]'' (syn. ''L. tigrinum'') – Tiger li<br />
ly<br />
*''[[Lilium lankongense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium ledebourii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium leichtlinii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium leucanthum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium lijiangense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium longiflorum]]'' – Easter lily<br />
*''[[Lilium lophophorum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium maritimum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium martagon]]'' – Martagon lily<br />
*''[[Lilium matangense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium medeoloides]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium medogense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium michauxii]]'' – Carolina lily<br />
*''[[Lilium michiganense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium monadelphum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium nanum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium neilgherrense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium nepalense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium occidentale]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium oxypetalum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium papilliferum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium paradoxum]]''<br />
*''[[Panther lily|Lilium pardalinum]]'' – Panther lily<br />
|<br />
*''[[Lilium parryi]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium parvum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium philadelphicum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium pinifolium]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium pomponium]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium primulinum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium pumilum]]'' – Korean lily<br />
*''[[Lilium pyrenaicum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium pyrophilum]]''<br />
*''[[Regal lily|Lilium regale]]'' – Regal lily<br />
*''[[Lilium rhodopaeum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium rosthornii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium rubescens]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium saccatum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium sargentiae]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium sempervivoideum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium sherriffiae]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium souliei]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium speciosum]]'' – Japanese lily<br />
*''[[Lilium stewartianum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium sulphureum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium superbum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium taliense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium tianschanicum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium tsingtauense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium wallichianum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium wardii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium washingtonianum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium wenshanense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium xanthellum]]''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Uses==<br />
Many species are widely grown in the garden in temperate and sub-tropical regions. Sometimes they may also be grown as potted plants. A large number of ornamental hybrids have been developed. They can be used in herbaceous borders, woodland and shrub plantings, and as a patio plant. <br />
<br />
Some lilies, especially ''[[Lilium longiflorum]]'', as well as a few other hybrids, form important cut flower crops. These tend to be forced for particular markets; for instance, ''L. longiflorum'' for the [[Easter]] trade, when it may be called the [[Easter lily]]. <br />
<br />
''Lilium'' bulbs are [[starch]]y and edible as [[root vegetable]]s, although bulbs of some species may be very bitter. The non-bitter bulbs of ''[[Tiger lily|L. lancifolium]]'', ''L. pumilum'', and especially ''L. brownii'' (called [[wiktionary:百|百]][[wiktionary:合|合]][[wiktionary:干|干]] in Chinese) are grown at large scale in [[China]] as a luxury or health food, most often sold in dry form. They are eaten especially in the summer, for their ability to reduce internal heat. They may be reconstituted and [[stir frying|stir-fried]], grated and used to thicken [[soup]], or processed to extract starch. Their texture and taste draw comparison with the [[potato]], although the individual bulb scales are much smaller.<br />
<br />
Although they are believed to be safe for humans to eat, there are reports of nephrotoxicosis ([[kidney]] failure) in cats which have eaten some species of ''Lilium'' and ''[[Hemerocallis]]'' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12680447&dopt=Abstract].<br />
<br />
Lilies are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Dun-bar|The Dun-bar]].<br />
<br />
Lilies are considered the most common of flowers to be presented at funerals. The presence of Lilies at funerals symbolizes that the soul of the departed has received restored innocence after death. <br />
<br />
<br />
===Classification of garden forms=== <br />
[[Image:Lilium canadense.JPG|thumb|left|150px|Asiatic hybrid flower]]<br />
Numerous forms are grown for the garden, and most of these are hybrids. They vary according to their parent species, and are classified in the following broad groups;<br />
*'''Species''' (Division IX). All natural species and naturally occurring forms are included in this group. <br />
*'''Asiatic hybrids''' (Division I). These are plants with medium sized, upright or outward facing flowers, mostly unscented. They are derived from central and east Asian species. <br />
*'''Martagon hybrids''' (Division II). These are based on <br />
''L. martagon'' and ''L. hansonii''. The flowers are nodding, Turk's cap style (with the petals strongly recurved). <br />
*'''Candidum hybrids''' (Division III). This includes hybrids of ''L. candidum'' with several other mostly European species. <br />
*'''American hybrids''' (Division IV). These are mostly taller growing forms, originally derived from ''L. pardalinum''. Many are clump-forming perennials with rhizomatous rootstocks. <br />
*'''Longiflorum hybrids''' (Division V). These are cultivated forms of this species and its subspecies. They are most important as plants for cut flowers, and are less often grown in the garden than other hybrids. <br />
*'''Trumpet lilies''' (Division VI), including Aurelian hybrids. This group includes hybrids of many Asiatic species, including ''L. regale'' and ''L. aurelianse''. The flowers are trumpet shaped, facing outward or somewhat downward, and tend to be strongly fragrant, often especially night-fragrant. <br />
*'''Oriental hybrids''' (Division VII). These are based on hybrids of ''L. auratum'' and ''L. speciosum'', together with crossbreeds from several mainland Asiatic species. They are fragrant, and the flowers tend to be outward facing. Plants tend to be tall, and the flowers may be quite large. An example is [[Lilium "Stargazer"]].<br />
*'''Other hybrids''' (Division VIII). Includes all other garden hybrids.<br />
<br />
===Propagation and growth===<br />
Liliums can be propagated in several ways; <br />
* by division of the bulbs, <br />
* by growing-on [[Bulb#Bulbil|''bulbils'']] which are [[adventitious]] bulbs formed on the stem,<br />
* by scaling, for which whole scales are detached from the bulb and planted to form a new bulb,<br />
* by seed; [[Lily Seed Germination Types|seed germination patterns]] are variable and can be complex.<br />
<br />
==Names==<br />
The botanic name ''Lilium'' is the [[Latin]] form and is a [[Linnaean]] name. The Latin name is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''leirion'', which is generally assumed to be the [[Madonna lily]]. [http://members.shaw.ca/lilynet/netlil/id35.htm]<br />
<br />
The term "lily" (generally with a modifier, such as "[[water lily]]", "[[daylily]]", "[[arum lily]]" or "[[blackberry lily]]") is also applied to a large number of other plants, which have flowers that may resemble true lilies to a greater or lesser extent. Most of them are quite unrelated to the true lilies.<br />
<br />
==Trivia==<br />
*[[Johannes Brahms]]' famous berceuse, ''[[Brahms' Lullaby]]'', mentions lilies in the common English version. In the original German composition, it mentions [[rose]]s and [[carnation]]s.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lily_Seed_Germination_Types ''Lily Seed Germination types'']<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Lilium&SPECIES_XREF=&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Lilium'']<br />
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=118558 Flora of China: ''Lilium'']<br />
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=110&taxon_id=118558 Flora of Nepal: ''Lilium'' species list]<br />
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=118558 Flora of North America: ''Lilium'']<br />
*[http://www.lilyregister.com/ Online Lily Register, over 9400 entries ''Lilium'']<br />
*[http://www.deflorum.com/lilium.html de Florum: ''Lilium'' species]<br />
*[http://www.lilies.org/ North American Lily Society]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Lilium auratum - pollen.jpg|Pollen of ''Lilium auratum'' (Oriental Lily) Back-scattered electron microscope image<br />
</gallery><br />
<gallery><br />
Image:WhiteLily.jpg| (white Lily)<br />
</gallery><br />
{{Commons|Lilium}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Liliales]]<br />
[[Category:Root vegetables]]<br />
[[Category:Flowers]]<br />
[[Category:Garden plants]]</div>Laurencehttps://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Lilium&diff=27309Lilium2009-06-24T18:58:33Z<p>Laurence: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Taxobox<br />
| color = lightgreen<br />
| name = ''Lilium''<br />
| image = 2000px_lillium_michiganese.jpg<br />
| image_width = 240px<br />
| image_caption = ''Lilium michiganense''<br />
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae<br />
| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]<br />
| classis = [[monocotyledon|Liliopsida]]<br />
| ordo = [[Liliales]]<br />
| familia = [[Liliaceae]]<br />
| genus = '''''Lilium'''''<br />
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]<br />
| subdivision_ranks = Species<br />
| subdivision = See text<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The plants of the [[genus]] '''''Lilium''''' are the true lily plants, comprising a genus of about 100 [[species]] in the lily family, [[Liliaceae]]. They are important as showy and large flowered garden plants, and in literature.<br />
<br />
==Range==<br />
Lilies are native to the northern temperate regions. Their range in the [[Old World]] extends across much of [[Europe]], the north [[Mediterranean]], across most of [[Asia]] to [[Japan]], south to the [[Nilgiri]] mountains in [[India]], and south to the [[Philippines]]. In the [[New World]] they extend from southern [[Canada]] through much of the [[United States]]. A few species formerly included within this genus have now been placed in other genera. These include ''[[Cardiocrinum]]'' and ''[[Nomocharis]]''. <br />
<br />
They are commonly adapted to either woodland habitats, often [[mountain|montane]], or sometimes to grassland habitats. A few can survive in marshland and a single one is known to live as an [[epiphyte]] (''L. arboricola''). In general they prefer moderately acidic or lime-free soils. <br />
<br />
<br />
==Botany==<br />
Lilies are usually erect leafy stemmed herbs. The majority of species form naked or tunic-less scaly underground [[bulb]]s from which they overwinter. In some North American species the base of the bulb develops into [[rhizome]]s, on which numerous small bulbs are found. Some species develop [[stolon]]s. A few species form bulbs at or near the soil surface . <br />
<br />
Many species form stem-roots. With these, the bulb grows naturally at some depth in the soil, and each year the new stem puts out [[adventitious]] roots above the bulb as it emerges from the soil. These roots are in addition to the basal roots that develop at the base of the bulb. <br />
<br />
The large [[flower]]s have three [[petals]] along with three petal-like [[sepal]]s, often fragrant, and come in a range of colours ranging through whites, yellows, oranges, pinks, reds, purples, bronze and even nearly black. Markings include spots, brush strokes and picotees. <br />
<br />
The plants are summer flowering. Most species are [[deciduous]], but ''Lilium candidum'' bears a basal rosette of leaves for much of the year. Flowers are formed at the top of a single erect stem, with leaves being borne at intervals up the stem.<br />
<br />
==Species==<br />
<br />
The following is a partial list of the recognised species. <br />
<br />
{|<br />
|- valign=top<br />
|<br />
*''[[Lilium albanicum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium amabile]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium amoenum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium anhuiense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium arboricola]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium auratum]]'' – Japanese golden rayed lily<br />
*''[[Lilium bakerianum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium bolanderi]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium bosniacum]]'' - Bosnian lily<br />
*''[[Lilium brevistylum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium brownii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium bulbiferum]]'' – [[Orange lily]]<br />
*''[[Lilium callosum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium canadense]]'' – [[Canada lily]]<br />
*''[[Lilium candidum]]'' – [[Madonna lily]]<br />
*''[[Lilium carniolicum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium catesbaei]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium cernuum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium chalcedonicum]]'' – Turkscap lily<br />
*''[[Lilium columbianum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium concolor]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium dauricum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium davidii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium distichum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium duchartrei]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium fargesii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium floridum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium formosanum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium grayi]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium habaense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium hansonii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium heldreichii]]''<br />
|<br />
*''[[Lilium henrici]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium henryi]]'' – Henry's lily<br />
*''[[Lilium huidongense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium humboldtii]]'' – [[Humboldt's lily]]<br />
*''[[Lilium iridollae]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium jankae]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium jinfushanense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium kelleyanum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium kelloggii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium lancifolium]]'' (syn. ''L. tigrinum'') – Tiger li<br />
ly<br />
*''[[Lilium lankongense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium ledebourii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium leichtlinii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium leucanthum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium lijiangense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium longiflorum]]'' – Easter lily<br />
*''[[Lilium lophophorum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium maritimum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium martagon]]'' – Martagon lily<br />
*''[[Lilium matangense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium medeoloides]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium medogense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium michauxii]]'' – Carolina lily<br />
*''[[Lilium michiganense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium monadelphum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium nanum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium neilgherrense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium nepalense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium occidentale]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium oxypetalum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium papilliferum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium paradoxum]]''<br />
*''[[Panther lily|Lilium pardalinum]]'' – Panther lily<br />
|<br />
*''[[Lilium parryi]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium parvum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium philadelphicum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium pinifolium]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium pomponium]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium primulinum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium pumilum]]'' – Korean lily<br />
*''[[Lilium pyrenaicum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium pyrophilum]]''<br />
*''[[Regal lily|Lilium regale]]'' – Regal lily<br />
*''[[Lilium rhodopaeum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium rosthornii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium rubescens]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium saccatum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium sargentiae]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium sempervivoideum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium sherriffiae]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium souliei]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium speciosum]]'' – Japanese lily<br />
*''[[Lilium stewartianum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium sulphureum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium superbum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium taliense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium tianschanicum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium tsingtauense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium wallichianum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium wardii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium washingtonianum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium wenshanense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium xanthellum]]''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Uses==<br />
Many species are widely grown in the garden in temperate and sub-tropical regions. Sometimes they may also be grown as potted plants. A large number of ornamental hybrids have been developed. They can be used in herbaceous borders, woodland and shrub plantings, and as a patio plant. <br />
<br />
Some lilies, especially ''[[Lilium longiflorum]]'', as well as a few other hybrids, form important cut flower crops. These tend to be forced for particular markets; for instance, ''L. longiflorum'' for the [[Easter]] trade, when it may be called the [[Easter lily]]. <br />
<br />
''Lilium'' bulbs are [[starch]]y and edible as [[root vegetable]]s, although bulbs of some species may be very bitter. The non-bitter bulbs of ''[[Tiger lily|L. lancifolium]]'', ''L. pumilum'', and especially ''L. brownii'' (called [[wiktionary:百|百]][[wiktionary:合|合]][[wiktionary:干|干]] in Chinese) are grown at large scale in [[China]] as a luxury or health food, most often sold in dry form. They are eaten especially in the summer, for their ability to reduce internal heat. They may be reconstituted and [[stir frying|stir-fried]], grated and used to thicken [[soup]], or processed to extract starch. Their texture and taste draw comparison with the [[potato]], although the individual bulb scales are much smaller.<br />
<br />
Although they are believed to be safe for humans to eat, there are reports of nephrotoxicosis ([[kidney]] failure) in cats which have eaten some species of ''Lilium'' and ''[[Hemerocallis]]'' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12680447&dopt=Abstract].<br />
<br />
Lilies are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Dun-bar|The Dun-bar]].<br />
<br />
Lilies are considered the most common of flowers to be presented at funerals. The presence of Lilies at funerals symbolizes that the soul of the departed has received restored innocence after death. <br />
<br />
<br />
===Classification of garden forms=== <br />
[[Image:Lilium canadense.JPG|thumb|left|150px|Asiatic hybrid flower]]<br />
Numerous forms are grown for the garden, and most of these are hybrids. They vary according to their parent species, and are classified in the following broad groups;<br />
*'''Species''' (Division IX). All natural species and naturally occurring forms are included in this group. <br />
*'''Asiatic hybrids''' (Division I). These are plants with medium sized, upright or outward facing flowers, mostly unscented. They are derived from central and east Asian species. <br />
*'''Martagon hybrids''' (Division II). These are based on <br />
''L. martagon'' and ''L. hansonii''. The flowers are nodding, Turk's cap style (with the petals strongly recurved). <br />
*'''Candidum hybrids''' (Division III). This includes hybrids of ''L. candidum'' with several other mostly European species. <br />
*'''American hybrids''' (Division IV). These are mostly taller growing forms, originally derived from ''L. pardalinum''. Many are clump-forming perennials with rhizomatous rootstocks. <br />
*'''Longiflorum hybrids''' (Division V). These are cultivated forms of this species and its subspecies. They are most important as plants for cut flowers, and are less often grown in the garden than other hybrids. <br />
*'''Trumpet lilies''' (Division VI), including Aurelian hybrids. This group includes hybrids of many Asiatic species, including ''L. regale'' and ''L. aurelianse''. The flowers are trumpet shaped, facing outward or somewhat downward, and tend to be strongly fragrant, often especially night-fragrant. <br />
*'''Oriental hybrids''' (Division VII). These are based on hybrids of ''L. auratum'' and ''L. speciosum'', together with crossbreeds from several mainland Asiatic species. They are fragrant, and the flowers tend to be outward facing. Plants tend to be tall, and the flowers may be quite large. An example is [[Lilium "Stargazer"]].<br />
*'''Other hybrids''' (Division VIII). Includes all other garden hybrids.<br />
<br />
===Propagation and growth===<br />
Liliums can be propagated in several ways; <br />
* by division of the bulbs, <br />
* by growing-on [[Bulb#Bulbil|''bulbils'']] which are [[adventitious]] bulbs formed on the stem,<br />
* by scaling, for which whole scales are detached from the bulb and planted to form a new bulb,<br />
* by seed; [[Lily Seed Germination Types|seed germination patterns]] are variable and can be complex.<br />
<br />
==Names==<br />
The botanic name ''Lilium'' is the [[Latin]] form and is a [[Linnaean]] name. The Latin name is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''leirion'', which is generally assumed to be the [[Madonna lily]]. [http://members.shaw.ca/lilynet/netlil/id35.htm]<br />
<br />
The term "lily" (generally with a modifier, such as "[[water lily]]", "[[daylily]]", "[[arum lily]]" or "[[blackberry lily]]") is also applied to a large number of other plants, which have flowers that may resemble true lilies to a greater or lesser extent. Most of them are quite unrelated to the true lilies.<br />
<br />
==Trivia==<br />
*[[Johannes Brahms]]' famous berceuse, ''[[Brahms' Lullaby]]'', mentions lilies in the common English version. In the original German composition, it mentions [[rose]]s and [[carnation]]s.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lily_Seed_Germination_Types ''Lily Seed Germination types'']<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Lilium&SPECIES_XREF=&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Lilium'']<br />
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=118558 Flora of China: ''Lilium'']<br />
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=110&taxon_id=118558 Flora of Nepal: ''Lilium'' species list]<br />
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=118558 Flora of North America: ''Lilium'']<br />
*[http://www.lilyregister.com/ Online Lily Register, over 9400 entries ''Lilium'']<br />
*[http://www.deflorum.com/lilium.html de Florum: ''Lilium'' species]<br />
*[http://www.lilies.org/ North American Lily Society]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Lilium auratum - pollen.jpg|Pollen of ''Lilium auratum'' (Oriental Lily) Back-scattered electron microscope image<br />
</gallery><br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Lilium - WhiteLily.jpg| (white Lily)<br />
</gallery><br />
{{Commons|Lilium}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Liliales]]<br />
[[Category:Root vegetables]]<br />
[[Category:Flowers]]<br />
[[Category:Garden plants]]</div>Laurencehttps://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=File:WhiteLily.jpg&diff=27308File:WhiteLily.jpg2009-06-24T18:51:15Z<p>Laurence: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Laurencehttps://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Lilium&diff=27307Lilium2009-06-24T18:50:04Z<p>Laurence: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Taxobox<br />
| color = lightgreen<br />
| name = ''Lilium''<br />
| image = 2000px_lillium_michiganese.jpg<br />
| image_width = 240px<br />
| image_caption = ''Lilium michiganense''<br />
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae<br />
| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]<br />
| classis = [[monocotyledon|Liliopsida]]<br />
| ordo = [[Liliales]]<br />
| familia = [[Liliaceae]]<br />
| genus = '''''Lilium'''''<br />
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]<br />
| subdivision_ranks = Species<br />
| subdivision = See text<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The plants of the [[genus]] '''''Lilium''''' are the true lily plants, comprising a genus of about 100 [[species]] in the lily family, [[Liliaceae]]. They are important as showy and large flowered garden plants, and in literature.<br />
<br />
==Range==<br />
Lilies are native to the northern temperate regions. Their range in the [[Old World]] extends across much of [[Europe]], the north [[Mediterranean]], across most of [[Asia]] to [[Japan]], south to the [[Nilgiri]] mountains in [[India]], and south to the [[Philippines]]. In the [[New World]] they extend from southern [[Canada]] through much of the [[United States]]. A few species formerly included within this genus have now been placed in other genera. These include ''[[Cardiocrinum]]'' and ''[[Nomocharis]]''. <br />
<br />
They are commonly adapted to either woodland habitats, often [[mountain|montane]], or sometimes to grassland habitats. A few can survive in marshland and a single one is known to live as an [[epiphyte]] (''L. arboricola''). In general they prefer moderately acidic or lime-free soils. <br />
<br />
<br />
==Botany==<br />
Lilies are usually erect leafy stemmed herbs. The majority of species form naked or tunic-less scaly underground [[bulb]]s from which they overwinter. In some North American species the base of the bulb develops into [[rhizome]]s, on which numerous small bulbs are found. Some species develop [[stolon]]s. A few species form bulbs at or near the soil surface . <br />
<br />
Many species form stem-roots. With these, the bulb grows naturally at some depth in the soil, and each year the new stem puts out [[adventitious]] roots above the bulb as it emerges from the soil. These roots are in addition to the basal roots that develop at the base of the bulb. <br />
<br />
The large [[flower]]s have three [[petals]] along with three petal-like [[sepal]]s, often fragrant, and come in a range of colours ranging through whites, yellows, oranges, pinks, reds, purples, bronze and even nearly black. Markings include spots, brush strokes and picotees. <br />
<br />
The plants are summer flowering. Most species are [[deciduous]], but ''Lilium candidum'' bears a basal rosette of leaves for much of the year. Flowers are formed at the top of a single erect stem, with leaves being borne at intervals up the stem.<br />
<br />
==Species==<br />
<br />
The following is a partial list of the recognised species. <br />
<br />
{|<br />
|- valign=top<br />
|<br />
*''[[Lilium albanicum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium amabile]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium amoenum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium anhuiense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium arboricola]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium auratum]]'' – Japanese golden rayed lily<br />
*''[[Lilium bakerianum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium bolanderi]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium bosniacum]]'' - Bosnian lily<br />
*''[[Lilium brevistylum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium brownii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium bulbiferum]]'' – [[Orange lily]]<br />
*''[[Lilium callosum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium canadense]]'' – [[Canada lily]]<br />
*''[[Lilium candidum]]'' – [[Madonna lily]]<br />
*''[[Lilium carniolicum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium catesbaei]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium cernuum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium chalcedonicum]]'' – Turkscap lily<br />
*''[[Lilium columbianum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium concolor]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium dauricum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium davidii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium distichum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium duchartrei]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium fargesii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium floridum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium formosanum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium grayi]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium habaense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium hansonii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium heldreichii]]''<br />
|<br />
*''[[Lilium henrici]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium henryi]]'' – Henry's lily<br />
*''[[Lilium huidongense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium humboldtii]]'' – [[Humboldt's lily]]<br />
*''[[Lilium iridollae]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium jankae]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium jinfushanense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium kelleyanum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium kelloggii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium lancifolium]]'' (syn. ''L. tigrinum'') – Tiger li<br />
ly<br />
*''[[Lilium lankongense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium ledebourii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium leichtlinii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium leucanthum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium lijiangense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium longiflorum]]'' – Easter lily<br />
*''[[Lilium lophophorum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium maritimum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium martagon]]'' – Martagon lily<br />
*''[[Lilium matangense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium medeoloides]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium medogense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium michauxii]]'' – Carolina lily<br />
*''[[Lilium michiganense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium monadelphum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium nanum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium neilgherrense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium nepalense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium occidentale]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium oxypetalum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium papilliferum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium paradoxum]]''<br />
*''[[Panther lily|Lilium pardalinum]]'' – Panther lily<br />
|<br />
*''[[Lilium parryi]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium parvum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium philadelphicum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium pinifolium]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium pomponium]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium primulinum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium pumilum]]'' – Korean lily<br />
*''[[Lilium pyrenaicum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium pyrophilum]]''<br />
*''[[Regal lily|Lilium regale]]'' – Regal lily<br />
*''[[Lilium rhodopaeum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium rosthornii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium rubescens]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium saccatum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium sargentiae]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium sempervivoideum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium sherriffiae]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium souliei]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium speciosum]]'' – Japanese lily<br />
*''[[Lilium stewartianum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium sulphureum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium superbum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium taliense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium tianschanicum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium tsingtauense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium wallichianum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium wardii]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium washingtonianum]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium wenshanense]]''<br />
*''[[Lilium xanthellum]]''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Uses==<br />
Many species are widely grown in the garden in temperate and sub-tropical regions. Sometimes they may also be grown as potted plants. A large number of ornamental hybrids have been developed. They can be used in herbaceous borders, woodland and shrub plantings, and as a patio plant. <br />
<br />
Some lilies, especially ''[[Lilium longiflorum]]'', as well as a few other hybrids, form important cut flower crops. These tend to be forced for particular markets; for instance, ''L. longiflorum'' for the [[Easter]] trade, when it may be called the [[Easter lily]]. <br />
<br />
''Lilium'' bulbs are [[starch]]y and edible as [[root vegetable]]s, although bulbs of some species may be very bitter. The non-bitter bulbs of ''[[Tiger lily|L. lancifolium]]'', ''L. pumilum'', and especially ''L. brownii'' (called [[wiktionary:百|百]][[wiktionary:合|合]][[wiktionary:干|干]] in Chinese) are grown at large scale in [[China]] as a luxury or health food, most often sold in dry form. They are eaten especially in the summer, for their ability to reduce internal heat. They may be reconstituted and [[stir frying|stir-fried]], grated and used to thicken [[soup]], or processed to extract starch. Their texture and taste draw comparison with the [[potato]], although the individual bulb scales are much smaller.<br />
<br />
Although they are believed to be safe for humans to eat, there are reports of nephrotoxicosis ([[kidney]] failure) in cats which have eaten some species of ''Lilium'' and ''[[Hemerocallis]]'' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12680447&dopt=Abstract].<br />
<br />
Lilies are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Dun-bar|The Dun-bar]].<br />
<br />
Lilies are considered the most common of flowers to be presented at funerals. The presence of Lilies at funerals symbolizes that the soul of the departed has received restored innocence after death. <br />
<br />
<br />
===Classification of garden forms=== <br />
[[Image:Lilium canadense.JPG|thumb|left|150px|Asiatic hybrid flower]]<br />
Numerous forms are grown for the garden, and most of these are hybrids. They vary according to their parent species, and are classified in the following broad groups;<br />
*'''Species''' (Division IX). All natural species and naturally occurring forms are included in this group. <br />
*'''Asiatic hybrids''' (Division I). These are plants with medium sized, upright or outward facing flowers, mostly unscented. They are derived from central and east Asian species. <br />
*'''Martagon hybrids''' (Division II). These are based on <br />
''L. martagon'' and ''L. hansonii''. The flowers are nodding, Turk's cap style (with the petals strongly recurved). <br />
*'''Candidum hybrids''' (Division III). This includes hybrids of ''L. candidum'' with several other mostly European species. <br />
*'''American hybrids''' (Division IV). These are mostly taller growing forms, originally derived from ''L. pardalinum''. Many are clump-forming perennials with rhizomatous rootstocks. <br />
*'''Longiflorum hybrids''' (Division V). These are cultivated forms of this species and its subspecies. They are most important as plants for cut flowers, and are less often grown in the garden than other hybrids. <br />
*'''Trumpet lilies''' (Division VI), including Aurelian hybrids. This group includes hybrids of many Asiatic species, including ''L. regale'' and ''L. aurelianse''. The flowers are trumpet shaped, facing outward or somewhat downward, and tend to be strongly fragrant, often especially night-fragrant. <br />
*'''Oriental hybrids''' (Division VII). These are based on hybrids of ''L. auratum'' and ''L. speciosum'', together with crossbreeds from several mainland Asiatic species. They are fragrant, and the flowers tend to be outward facing. Plants tend to be tall, and the flowers may be quite large. An example is [[Lilium "Stargazer"]].<br />
*'''Other hybrids''' (Division VIII). Includes all other garden hybrids.<br />
<br />
===Propagation and growth===<br />
Liliums can be propagated in several ways; <br />
* by division of the bulbs, <br />
* by growing-on [[Bulb#Bulbil|''bulbils'']] which are [[adventitious]] bulbs formed on the stem,<br />
* by scaling, for which whole scales are detached from the bulb and planted to form a new bulb,<br />
* by seed; [[Lily Seed Germination Types|seed germination patterns]] are variable and can be complex.<br />
<br />
==Names==<br />
The botanic name ''Lilium'' is the [[Latin]] form and is a [[Linnaean]] name. The Latin name is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''leirion'', which is generally assumed to be the [[Madonna lily]]. [http://members.shaw.ca/lilynet/netlil/id35.htm]<br />
<br />
The term "lily" (generally with a modifier, such as "[[water lily]]", "[[daylily]]", "[[arum lily]]" or "[[blackberry lily]]") is also applied to a large number of other plants, which have flowers that may resemble true lilies to a greater or lesser extent. Most of them are quite unrelated to the true lilies.<br />
<br />
==Trivia==<br />
*[[Johannes Brahms]]' famous berceuse, ''[[Brahms' Lullaby]]'', mentions lilies in the common English version. In the original German composition, it mentions [[rose]]s and [[carnation]]s.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lily_Seed_Germination_Types ''Lily Seed Germination types'']<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Lilium&SPECIES_XREF=&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Lilium'']<br />
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=118558 Flora of China: ''Lilium'']<br />
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=110&taxon_id=118558 Flora of Nepal: ''Lilium'' species list]<br />
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=118558 Flora of North America: ''Lilium'']<br />
*[http://www.lilyregister.com/ Online Lily Register, over 9400 entries ''Lilium'']<br />
*[http://www.deflorum.com/lilium.html de Florum: ''Lilium'' species]<br />
*[http://www.lilies.org/ North American Lily Society]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Lilium auratum - pollen.jpg|Pollen of ''Lilium auratum'' (Oriental Lily) Back-scattered electron microscope image<br />
</gallery><br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Lilium - whiteLily.jpg| (Lily)<br />
</gallery><br />
{{Commons|Lilium}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Liliales]]<br />
[[Category:Root vegetables]]<br />
[[Category:Flowers]]<br />
[[Category:Garden plants]]</div>Laurencehttps://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Monarda&diff=27306Monarda2009-06-24T18:40:13Z<p>Laurence: </p>
<hr />
<div>_NOTOC__{{Plantbox<br />
| name = ''Monarda didyma''<br />
| common_names = bee balm <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank --><br />
| growth_habit = herbaceous <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc --><br />
| high = 1m <!--- 1m (3 ft) --><br />
| wide = 20cm <!--- 65cm (25 inches) --><br />
| origin = <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc --><br />
| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous --><br />
| lifespan = annual <!--- perennial, annual, etc --><br />
| exposure = <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) --><br />
| water = moderate, does not like to stand in water <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak --><br />
| features = fragrant <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive --><br />
| hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc --><br />
| bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers --><br />
| usda_zones = <!--- eg. 8-11 --><br />
| sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available --><br />
| color = IndianRed<br />
| image = Monarda-didyma.JPG <!--- Freesia.jpg --><br />
| image_width = 240px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical --><br />
| image_caption = Monarda didyma <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias --><br />
| regnum = Plantae <!--- Kingdom --><br />
| divisio = Magnoliophyta <!--- Phylum --><br />
| classis = Magnoliopsida <!--- Class --><br />
| ordo = Lamiales <!--- Order --><br />
| familia = Lamiaceae <!--- Family --><br />
| genus = Monarda<br />
| species = Monarda didyma<br />
| subspecies = <br />
| cultivar = <br />
}}<br />
{{This plant provides flavor and scent with its leaves and flowers. The Earl Grey tea is scented with this plant. }}<!--- Type GENERAL genus/plant description below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
==Cultivation==<br />
{{monthbox<br />
| color = IndianRed<br />
| name = <!--- type name of plant just to the right of the equal sign on the left --><br />
| jan =<br />
| feb =<br />
| mar =<br />
| apr =<br />
| may =<br />
| jun =<br />
| jul =<br />
| aug =<br />
| sep =<br />
| oct =<br />
| nov =<br />
| dec =<br />
| notes =<br />
}} <br />
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Propagation===<br />
{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Pests and diseases===<br />
{{Very sensitive to mold. Do not overwater.}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
==Species==<br />
<!-- This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc --><br />
<!-- Usually in list format like this: --><br />
<!-- *''[[Freesia alba]]'' --><br />
<!-- *''[[Freesia laxa]]'' (syn. ''Anomatheca laxa'', ''Lapeirousia laxa'') --><br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery --><br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 1<br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 2<br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 3<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --><br />
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --><br />
<!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{wplink}}<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
[[Category:Categorize]]<br />
<br />
<!-- in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions! --></div>Laurencehttps://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Monarda&diff=27305Monarda2009-06-24T18:34:57Z<p>Laurence: </p>
<hr />
<div>_NOTOC__{{Plantbox<br />
| name = ''Monarda didyma''<br />
| common_names = <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank --><br />
| growth_habit = <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc --><br />
| high = <!--- 1m (3 ft) --><br />
| wide = <!--- 65cm (25 inches) --><br />
| origin = <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc --><br />
| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous --><br />
| lifespan = <!--- perennial, annual, etc --><br />
| exposure = <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) --><br />
| water = <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak --><br />
| features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive --><br />
| hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc --><br />
| bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers --><br />
| usda_zones = <!--- eg. 8-11 --><br />
| sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available --><br />
| color = IndianRed<br />
| image = Monarda-didyma.JPG <!--- Freesia.jpg --><br />
| image_width = 240px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical --><br />
| image_caption = <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias --><br />
| regnum = Plantae <!--- Kingdom --><br />
| divisio = Magnoliophyta <!--- Phylum --><br />
| classis = Magnoliopsida <!--- Class --><br />
| ordo = Lamiales <!--- Order --><br />
| familia = Lamiaceae <!--- Family --><br />
| genus = Monarda<br />
| species = Monarda didyma<br />
| subspecies = <br />
| cultivar = <br />
}}<br />
{{edit-desc}}<!--- Type GENERAL genus/plant description below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
==Cultivation==<br />
{{monthbox<br />
| color = IndianRed<br />
| name = <!--- type name of plant just to the right of the equal sign on the left --><br />
| jan =<br />
| feb =<br />
| mar =<br />
| apr =<br />
| may =<br />
| jun =<br />
| jul =<br />
| aug =<br />
| sep =<br />
| oct =<br />
| nov =<br />
| dec =<br />
| notes =<br />
}} <br />
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Propagation===<br />
{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Pests and diseases===<br />
{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
==Species==<br />
<!-- This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc --><br />
<!-- Usually in list format like this: --><br />
<!-- *''[[Freesia alba]]'' --><br />
<!-- *''[[Freesia laxa]]'' (syn. ''Anomatheca laxa'', ''Lapeirousia laxa'') --><br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery --><br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 1<br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 2<br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 3<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --><br />
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --><br />
<!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{wplink}}<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
[[Category:Categorize]]<br />
<br />
<!-- in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions! --></div>Laurencehttps://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=File:Monarda-didyma.JPG&diff=27304File:Monarda-didyma.JPG2009-06-24T18:34:14Z<p>Laurence: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Laurencehttps://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Monarda&diff=27302Monarda2009-06-24T18:32:22Z<p>Laurence: </p>
<hr />
<div>_NOTOC__{{Plantbox<br />
| name = ''Monarda didyma''<br />
| common_names = <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank --><br />
| growth_habit = <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc --><br />
| high = <!--- 1m (3 ft) --><br />
| wide = <!--- 65cm (25 inches) --><br />
| origin = <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc --><br />
| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous --><br />
| lifespan = <!--- perennial, annual, etc --><br />
| exposure = <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) --><br />
| water = <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak --><br />
| features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive --><br />
| hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc --><br />
| bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers --><br />
| usda_zones = <!--- eg. 8-11 --><br />
| sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available --><br />
| color = IndianRed<br />
| image = Upload.png <!--- Freesia.jpg --><br />
| image_width = 240px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical --><br />
| image_caption = <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias --><br />
| regnum = Plantae <!--- Kingdom --><br />
| divisio = Magnoliophyta <!--- Phylum --><br />
| classis = Magnoliopsida <!--- Class --><br />
| ordo = Lamiales <!--- Order --><br />
| familia = Lamiaceae <!--- Family --><br />
| genus = Monarda<br />
| species = Monarda didyma<br />
| subspecies = <br />
| cultivar = <br />
}}<br />
{{edit-desc}}<!--- Type GENERAL genus/plant description below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
==Cultivation==<br />
{{monthbox<br />
| color = IndianRed<br />
| name = <!--- type name of plant just to the right of the equal sign on the left --><br />
| jan =<br />
| feb =<br />
| mar =<br />
| apr =<br />
| may =<br />
| jun =<br />
| jul =<br />
| aug =<br />
| sep =<br />
| oct =<br />
| nov =<br />
| dec =<br />
| notes =<br />
}} <br />
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Propagation===<br />
{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Pests and diseases===<br />
{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
==Species==<br />
<!-- This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc --><br />
<!-- Usually in list format like this: --><br />
<!-- *''[[Freesia alba]]'' --><br />
<!-- *''[[Freesia laxa]]'' (syn. ''Anomatheca laxa'', ''Lapeirousia laxa'') --><br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery --><br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 1<br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 2<br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 3<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --><br />
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --><br />
<!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{wplink}}<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
[[Category:Categorize]]<br />
<br />
<!-- in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions! --></div>Laurencehttps://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Monarda&diff=27299Monarda2009-06-24T18:30:27Z<p>Laurence: New page: _NOTOC__{{Plantbox | name = ''Monarda didyma'' | common_names = <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank --> | growth_habit = <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc --> ...</p>
<hr />
<div>_NOTOC__{{Plantbox<br />
| name = ''Monarda didyma''<br />
| common_names = <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank --><br />
| growth_habit = <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc --><br />
| high = <!--- 1m (3 ft) --><br />
| wide = <!--- 65cm (25 inches) --><br />
| origin = <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc --><br />
| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous --><br />
| lifespan = <!--- perennial, annual, etc --><br />
| exposure = <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) --><br />
| water = <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak --><br />
| features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive --><br />
| hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc --><br />
| bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers --><br />
| usda_zones = <!--- eg. 8-11 --><br />
| sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available --><br />
| color = IndianRed<br />
| image = Upload.png <!--- Freesia.jpg --><br />
| image_width = 240px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical --><br />
| image_caption = <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias --><br />
| regnum = Plantae <!--- Kingdom --><br />
| divisio = <!--- Phylum --><br />
| classis = <!--- Class --><br />
| ordo = <!--- Order --><br />
| familia = <!--- Family --><br />
| genus = Monarda<br />
| species = <br />
| subspecies = <br />
| cultivar = <br />
}}<br />
{{edit-desc}}<!--- Type GENERAL genus/plant description below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
==Cultivation==<br />
{{monthbox<br />
| color = IndianRed<br />
| name = <!--- type name of plant just to the right of the equal sign on the left --><br />
| jan =<br />
| feb =<br />
| mar =<br />
| apr =<br />
| may =<br />
| jun =<br />
| jul =<br />
| aug =<br />
| sep =<br />
| oct =<br />
| nov =<br />
| dec =<br />
| notes =<br />
}} <br />
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Propagation===<br />
{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Pests and diseases===<br />
{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
==Species==<br />
<!-- This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc --><br />
<!-- Usually in list format like this: --><br />
<!-- *''[[Freesia alba]]'' --><br />
<!-- *''[[Freesia laxa]]'' (syn. ''Anomatheca laxa'', ''Lapeirousia laxa'') --><br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery --><br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 1<br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 2<br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 3<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --><br />
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --><br />
<!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{wplink}}<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
[[Category:Categorize]]<br />
<br />
<!-- in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions! --></div>Laurencehttps://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Celosia&diff=27295Celosia2009-06-24T18:21:36Z<p>Laurence: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__{{Plantbox<br />
| name = ''Celosia''<br />
| common_names = Cockscomb<br />
| growth_habit = ? <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc --><br />
| high = ? <!--- 1m (3 ft) --><br />
| wide = <!--- 65cm (25 inches) --><br />
| origin = ? <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc --><br />
| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous --><br />
| lifespan = <!--- perennial, annual, etc --><br />
| exposure = ? <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) --><br />
| water = ? <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak --><br />
| features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive --><br />
| hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc --><br />
| bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers --><br />
| usda_zones = ? <!--- eg. 8-11 --><br />
| sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available --><br />
| color = IndianRed<br />
| image = Unknown_flower_q1.jpg<br />
| image_width = 240px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical --><br />
| image_caption = Celosia plumosa<br />
| regnum = Plantae<br />
| divisio = Magnoliophyta<br />
| classis = Magnoliopsida<br />
| ordo = Caryophyllales<br />
| familia = Amaranthaceae<br />
| subfamilia = Amaranthoideae<br />
| genus = Celosia<br />
}}<br />
{{Inc|<br />
Celosia (Greek, kelos, burned; referring to the burned look of the flowers in some species). Amarantaceae. Cockscomb. Popular garden annuals, grown for the showy agglomerated flower-heads and sometimes for colored foliage.<br />
<br />
Alternate-leaved annual herbs, the lvs. entire or sometimes lobed, mostly narrow: fls. in dense terminal and axillary spikes, the spikes in cult, forms becoming densely fascicled and often the sts. much fasciated; perianth very small, 5-parted, dry, the segms. oblong or lanceolate, erect in fr.; stamens 5, the filaments united at base: fr. a circumscissile utricle, with 2 to many seeds.—About 35 species, all tropical, in Asia, Afr. and Amer.<br />
<br />
There are two main types of celosias, the crested form and the feathered or plumy ones. The crested cockscomb is very stiff, formal and curious, while the feathered sorts are less so, and are used to some extent in dried bouquets. The plumy sorts are grown abroad for winter decoration, especially under the name of C. pyramidalis, but to a small extent in America. The crested cockscomb is less used as a summer bedding plant than formerly, but it is still commonly exhibited in pots at small fairs, the object being to produce the largest possible crest on the smallest plant.<br />
<br />
For garden use, the seeds are sown indoors in early spring, and the plants set out May 1 to 15. If the roots dry out, the leaves are sure to drop off. The cockscomb is a moisture-loving plant, and may be syringed often, especially for the red-spider, which is its greatest enemy. A light, rich soil is needed.<br />
<br />
C. spicata equals ?. Not the C. spicata, Spreng.; perhaps some form of C. cristata.—C. Thompsconii magnifica, Hort ., is a trade name and apparently without botanical standing.{{SCH}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Cultivation==<br />
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Propagation===<br />
{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Pests and diseases===<br />
{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
==Species==<br />
<br />
*''[[Celosia argentea]]''<br />
*''[[Celosia cristata]]''<br />
*''[[Celosia nitida]]''<br />
*''[[Celosia palmeri]]''<br />
*''[[Celosia plumosa]]''<br />
*''[[Celosia trigyna]]''<br />
*''[[Celosia virgata]]''<br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery --><br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:CelosiaCristataYellowToreador.jpg|''Celosia cristata.'' Common name Yellow Toreador.<br />
Image:CelosiaCristata.jpg|Red cockscomb <br />
Image:CelosiaPlumosa-Yellow.JPG| photo 3<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963<br />
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --><br />
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --><br />
<!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{wplink}}<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
[[Category:Categorize]]<br />
<br />
<!-- in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions! --></div>Laurencehttps://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=File:CelosiaPlumosa-Yellow.JPG&diff=27294File:CelosiaPlumosa-Yellow.JPG2009-06-24T18:20:09Z<p>Laurence: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Laurencehttps://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Felicia&diff=27293Felicia2009-06-24T18:16:09Z<p>Laurence: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__{{Plantbox<br />
| name = ''LATINNAME'' <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name --><br />
| common_names = <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank --><br />
| growth_habit = ? <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc --><br />
| high = ? <!--- 1m (3 ft) --><br />
| wide = <!--- 65cm (25 inches) --><br />
| origin = ? <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc --><br />
| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous --><br />
| lifespan = <!--- perennial, annual, etc --><br />
| exposure = ? <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) --><br />
| water = ? <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak --><br />
| features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive --><br />
| hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc --><br />
| bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers --><br />
| usda_zones = ? <!--- eg. 8-11 --><br />
| sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available --><br />
| color = IndianRed<br />
| image = Felicia.JPG <!--- Freesia.jpg --><br />
| image_width = 240px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical --><br />
| image_caption = <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias --><br />
| regnum = Plantae <!--- Kingdom --><br />
| divisio = <!--- Phylum --><br />
| classis = <!--- Class --><br />
| ordo = <!--- Order --><br />
| familia = <!--- Family --><br />
| genus = <br />
| species = <br />
| subspecies = <br />
| cultivar = <br />
}}<br />
{{Inc|<br />
<!--- ******************************************************* --><br />
Felicia (for Herr Felix, a German official). Compositae. Herbs or sub-shrubs, grown under glass or as pot specimens.<br />
Leaves alternate, entire or dentate: heads usually long-peduncled, the corolla blue or white, the disk yellow. Much like Aster, from which it differs in having pappus bristles in one series, and in other technical characters.—Forty to 50 species in Afr.<br />
{{SCH}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Cultivation==<br />
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Propagation===<br />
{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
===Pests and diseases===<br />
{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line --><br />
<br />
==Species==<br />
<!-- This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc --><br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery --><br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 1<br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 2<br />
Image:Upload.png| photo 3<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963<br />
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --><br />
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --><br />
<!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{wplink}}<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
[[Category:Categorize]]<br />
<br />
<!-- in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions! --></div>Laurencehttps://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=File:Felicia.JPG&diff=27292File:Felicia.JPG2009-06-24T18:08:31Z<p>Laurence: Felicia flower with its leaves</p>
<hr />
<div>Felicia flower with its leaves</div>Laurence