Acanthus - Revision history

Raffi at 20:54, 15 September 2010

2010-09-15T20:54:27Z

Raffi at 20:53, 15 September 2010

2010-09-15T20:53:42Z

Raffi at 20:52, 15 September 2010

2010-09-15T20:52:17Z

Raffi at 20:51, 15 September 2010

2010-09-15T20:51:58Z

Raffi at 20:49, 15 September 2010

2010-09-15T20:49:29Z

Murali.lalitha at 13:36, 7 September 2010

2010-09-07T13:36:25Z

Raffi at 18:49, 22 June 2009

2009-06-22T18:49:39Z

Irenet at 11:39, 21 June 2009

2009-06-21T11:39:33Z

Raffi: Acanthus (genus) moved to Acanthus: no need to disambiguate on this site

2009-02-09T23:34:07Z

Acanthus (genus) moved to Acanthus: no need to disambiguate on this site

Raffi at 16:17, 30 March 2007

2007-03-30T16:17:04Z

New page

{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Acanthus''
| image = Acanthus montanus3.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''[[Acanthus montanus]]''
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
| familia = [[Acanthaceae]]
| genus = '''''Acanthus'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision = See text
}}

'''''Acanthus''''' is a [[genus]] of about 30 species of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Acanthaceae]], native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the [[Old World]], with the highest species diversity in the [[Mediterranean region]] and [[Asia]]. Common names include '''Acanthus''' and '''Bear's breeches'''.

The genus comprises [[herbaceous]] [[perennial plant]]s, rarely [[subshrub]]s, with spiny leaves and flower [[raceme|spikes]] bearing white or purplish flowers. Size varies from 40 cm, up to 2 m tall.

;Selected species
*''[[Acanthus balcanicus]]''
*''[[Acanthus dioscoridis]]''
*''[[Acanthus eminens]]''
*''[[Acanthus hirsutus]]''
*''[[Acanthus hungaricus]]''
*''[[Acanthus ilicifolius]]''
*''[[Acanthus mollis]]''
*''[[Acanthus montanus]]''
*''[[Acanthus polystachyus]]''
*''[[Acanthus spinosus]]''
*''[[Acanthus syriacus]]''

===Cultivation and uses===
[[Image:AcanthusmollisPalatineHill.jpg|thumb|left|''Acanthus mollis'' flowering in the ruins of the [[Palatine Hill]], Rome, May 2005]]
Several species, especially ''A. spinosa'' and ''A. mollis'', are grown as [[ornamental plant]]s.

The foliage is the basis of a style of architectural ornamentation; see [[acanthus (ornament)]]. <br clear = left>

==References==
{{Wikispecies|Acanthus}}
*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Acanthus&SPECIES_XREF=&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Acanthus'']
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?61 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Acanthus'']
*[http://www.dipbot.unict.it/orto/0359-1.html Images of Acanthus]

[[Category:Acanthaceae]]

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 |image_caption=Acanthus mollis
 }}
-'''''Acanthus mollis''''', commonly known as ''Bear's Breeches'', is a [[herbaceous]] [[perennial plant]] in the genus ''[[Acanthus (genus)|Acanthus]]'', native to the [[Mediterranean region]] from [[Portugal]] and northwest [[Africa]] east to [[Croatia]], and is one of the earliest cultivated species of garden plants.
+'''''Acanthus''''' is a [[genus]] of about 30 species of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Acanthaceae]], native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the [[Roman World]], with the highest species diversity in the [[Mediterranean Basin]] and [[Asia]]. Common names include '''Acanthus''' and '''Bear's breeches'''. The generic name is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ακανθος (''acanthos''), meaning "thorny."<ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=esMPU5DHEGgC&  |first=Umberto |last=Quattrocchi |title=CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: A-C |year=2000 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9780849326752 |page=23}}</ref>
+The genus comprises [[Herbaceous plant|herbaceous]] [[perennial plant]]s, rarely [[subshrub]]s, with spiny leaves and flower [[raceme|spikes]] bearing white or purplish flowers. Size varies from {{convert|0.4|to|2|m|ft|abbr=on}} in height.
 {{Inc|

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
-It grows to 2 m tall, with basal clusters of deeply lobed and cut, shining dark green [[leaf|leaves]] up to 1 m long and 20 cm broad. The [[flower]]s are tubular, whitish, lilac or rose with spiny green or purplish [[bract]]s, and produced on stout spikes which grow up to 2.5 m (8 ft) above the leaves. It flowers in late spring or early summer. It grows in dry areas, and is tolerant of drought and shade. The plants are propagated from [[tubers]] and tend to form large, localized clumps which can survive for several decades. The leaves of this plant are generally considered by historians to have been the design inspiration for the [[Corinthian order|Corinthian]] column capitals of Greco-Roman architecture.<ref>
+It grows to 2 m tall, with basal clusters of deeply lobed and cut, shining dark green [[leaf|leaves]] up to 1 m long and 20&nbsp;cm broad. The [[flower]]s are tubular, whitish, lilac or rose with spiny green or purplish [[bract]]s, and produced on stout spikes which grow up to 2.5 m (8 ft) above the leaves. It flowers in late spring or early summer. It grows in dry areas, and is tolerant of drought and shade. The plants are propagated from [[tubers]] and tend to form large, localized clumps which can survive for several decades. The leaves of this plant are generally considered by historians to have been the design inspiration for the [[Corinthian order|Corinthian]] column capitals of Greco-Roman architecture.<ref>
 Vitruvius. ''On Architecture''.
 [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Vitruvius/4*.html Book IV].

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
-It grows to 2 m tall, with basal clusters of deeply lobed and cut, shining dark green [[leaf|leaves]] up to 1 m long and 20&nbsp;cm broad. The [[flower]]s are tubular, whitish, lilac or rose with spiny green or purplish [[bract]]s, and produced on stout spikes which grow up to 2.5 m (8 ft) above the leaves. It flowers in late spring or early summer. It grows in dry areas, and is tolerant of drought and shade. The plants are propagated from [[tubers]] and tend to form large, localized clumps which can survive for several decades. The leaves of this plant are generally considered by historians to have been the design inspiration for the [[Corinthian order|Corinthian]] column capitals of Greco-Roman architecture.<ref>
+It grows to 2 m tall, with basal clusters of deeply lobed and cut, shining dark green [[leaf|leaves]] up to 1 m long and 20 cm broad. The [[flower]]s are tubular, whitish, lilac or rose with spiny green or purplish [[bract]]s, and produced on stout spikes which grow up to 2.5 m (8 ft) above the leaves. It flowers in late spring or early summer. It grows in dry areas, and is tolerant of drought and shade. The plants are propagated from [[tubers]] and tend to form large, localized clumps which can survive for several decades. The leaves of this plant are generally considered by historians to have been the design inspiration for the [[Corinthian order|Corinthian]] column capitals of Greco-Roman architecture.<ref>
 Vitruvius. ''On Architecture''.
 [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Vitruvius/4*.html Book IV].

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 |image_caption=Acanthus mollis
 }}
-'''''Acanthus''''' is a [[genus]] of about 30 species of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Acanthaceae]], native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the [[Roman World]], with the highest species diversity in the [[Mediterranean Basin]] and [[Asia]]. Common names include '''Acanthus''' and '''Bear's breeches'''. The generic name is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ακανθος (''acanthos''), meaning "thorny."<ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=esMPU5DHEGgC&  |first=Umberto |last=Quattrocchi |title=CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: A-C |year=2000 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9780849326752 |page=23}}</ref>
+'''''Acanthus mollis''''', commonly known as ''Bear's Breeches'', is a [[herbaceous]] [[perennial plant]] in the genus ''[[Acanthus (genus)|Acanthus]]'', native to the [[Mediterranean region]] from [[Portugal]] and northwest [[Africa]] east to [[Croatia]], and is one of the earliest cultivated species of garden plants.
-The genus comprises [[Herbaceous plant|herbaceous]] [[perennial plant]]s, rarely [[subshrub]]s, with spiny leaves and flower [[raceme|spikes]] bearing white or purplish flowers. Size varies from {{convert|0.4|to|2|m|ft|abbr=on}} in height.
 {{Inc|

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{SPlantbox
 |familia=Acanthaceae
 |genus=Acanthus
 |common_name=Bear's breeches
 |name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 |Temp Metric=°F
 |jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
-|image=Upload.png
+|image=AcanthusmollisPalatineHill.jpg
 |image_width=240
 }}
-__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
+'''''Acanthus''''' is a [[genus]] of about 30 species of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Acanthaceae]], native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the [[Roman World]], with the highest species diversity in the [[Mediterranean Basin]] and [[Asia]]. Common names include '''Acanthus''' and '''Bear's breeches'''. The generic name is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ακανθος (''acanthos''), meaning "thorny."<ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=esMPU5DHEGgC&  |first=Umberto |last=Quattrocchi |title=CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: A-C |year=2000 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9780849326752 |page=23}}</ref>
-| name = ''Acanthus''
-| common_names = Acanthus, Bear's breeches
+The genus comprises [[Herbaceous plant|herbaceous]] [[perennial plant]]s, rarely [[subshrub]]s, with spiny leaves and flower [[raceme|spikes]] bearing white or purplish flowers. Size varies from {{convert|0.4|to|2|m|ft|abbr=on}} in height.
-| growth_habit = herbaceous
 {{Inc|
 Acanthus (akanthos, thorn). Acanthaceae. Bear's Breech. A genus of twenty species of temperate Old World, mostly hardy herbaceous perennials of vigorous growth and broad pinnatifid foliage, suitable for backgrounds of borders and subtropical effects.
@@ Line 60: / Line 37: @@
 ==Species==
 Selected species{{wp}}:
-*''[[Acanthus balcanicus]]''
+*''[[Acanthus balcanicus]]'' <small>Heywood & I.Richardson</small> (Syn. ''Acanthus hungaricus'' <small>([[Vincze von Borbás|Borbás]]) [[Carl Baenitz|Baenitz]]</small>, ''Acanthus longifolius'' <small>[[Nicolaus Thomas Host|Host]]</small>)
-*''[[Acanthus dioscoridis]]''
+*''[[Acanthus dioscoridis]]'' <small>[[Carl Ludwig Willdenow|Willd.]]</small>
-*''[[Acanthus ebracteatus]]''
+*''[[Acanthus ebracteatus]]'' <small>[[Martin Vahl|Vahl]]</small>
-*''[[Acanthus eminens]]''
+*''[[Acanthus eminens]]'' <small>[[Charles Baron Clarke|C.B.Clarke]]</small>
-*''[[Acanthus hirsutus]]''
+*''[[Acanthus hirsutus]]'' <small>[[Pierre Edmond Boissier|Boiss.]]</small>
-*''[[Acanthus hungaricus]]''
+*''[[Acanthus ilicifolius]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</small>
-*''[[Acanthus ilicifolius]]''
+*''[[Acanthus mollis]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</small>
-*''[[Acanthus mollis]]''
+*''[[Acanthus montanus]]'' <small>[[Thomas Anderson (botanist)|T.Anders.]]</small>
-*''[[Acanthus montanus]]''
+*''[[Acanthus polystachyus]]'' <small>[[Alire Raffeneau-Delile|Delile]]</small>
-*''[[Acanthus polystachyus]]''
+*''[[Acanthus spinosus]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</small>
-*''[[Acanthus spinosus]]''
+*''[[Acanthus syriacus]]'' <small>[[Pierre Edmond Boissier|Boiss.]]</small><ref name="GRINSpecies>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?61 |title=Species Records of ''Acanthus'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2010-06-19}}</ref>
 ==Gallery==
@@ Line 77: / Line 53: @@
 <gallery>
-Image:Upload.png| photo 1
+Image:Acanthus montanus3.jpg| Acanthus montanus
 Image:Upload.png| photo 2
 Image:Upload.png| photo 3
 </gallery>
@@ Line 93: / Line 68: @@
 {{stub}}
-[[Category:Categorize]]
+__NOTOC__

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:36, 7 September 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{SPlantbox
		+	\|familia=Acanthaceae
		+	\|genus=Acanthus
		+	\|common_name=Bear's breeches
		+	\|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|lifespan=perennial
		+	\|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|Temp Metric=°F
		+	\|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
		+	\|image=Upload.png
		+	\|image_width=240
		+	}}
	__NOTOC__{{Plantbox		__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
	\| name = ''Acanthus''		\| name = ''Acanthus''

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Inc|
 Acanthus (akanthos, thorn). Acanthaceae. Bear's Breech. A genus of twenty species of temperate Old World, mostly hardy herbaceous perennials of vigorous growth and broad pinnatifid foliage, suitable for backgrounds of borders and subtropical effects.
@@ Line 6: / Line 34: @@
 They need a rich, light, well-drained soil and much sunshine. Excessive moisture is fatal, especially in winter and spring. Fall-planted stock should always be protected for the winter by long litter or evergreen boughs, even where established plants are hardy. Must be deeply mulched north in winter. Propagation is by division in spring or early autumn, and by seeds.
-It is supposed that acanthus leaves afforded the suggestion for the foliage decoration on the capital of the Corinthian and other columns. Fig. 85 shows the conventionalized decoration, and Fig. 86 the form of leaf of A. spinosus. The leaves of A. mollis were probably also involved in variations of decoration.
+It is supposed that acanthus leaves afforded the suggestion for the foliage decoration on the capital of the Corinthian and other columns. Fig. 85 shows the conventionalized decoration, and Fig. 86 the form of leaf of A. spinosus. The leaves of A. mollis were probably also involved in variations of decoration.{{SCH}}
-}}
+==Cultivation==
-{{Taxobox
+{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
-'''''Acanthus''''' is a [[genus]] of about 30 species of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Acanthaceae]], native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the [[Old World]], with the highest species diversity in the [[Mediterranean region]] and [[Asia]]. Common names include '''Acanthus''' and '''Bear's breeches'''.
+===Propagation===
-The genus comprises [[herbaceous]] [[perennial plant]]s, rarely [[subshrub]]s, with spiny leaves and flower [[raceme|spikes]] bearing white or purplish flowers. Size varies from 40 cm, up to 2 m tall.
+===Pests and diseases===
-;Selected species
+==Species==
 *''[[Acanthus balcanicus]]''
 *''[[Acanthus dioscoridis]]''
 *''[[Acanthus eminens]]''
 *''[[Acanthus hirsutus]]''
@@ Line 43: / Line 61: @@
 *''[[Acanthus syriacus]]''
-===Cultivation and uses===
+==Gallery==
-[[Image:AcanthusmollisPalatineHill.jpg|thumb|left|''Acanthus mollis'' flowering in the ruins of the [[Palatine Hill]], Rome, May 2005]]
+{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
-The foliage is the basis of a style of architectural ornamentation; see [[acanthus (ornament)]]. <br clear = left>
+<gallery>
 ==References==
-{{Wikispecies|Acanthus}}
+*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
-*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Acanthus&SPECIES_XREF=&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Acanthus'']
+<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
-*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?61 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Acanthus'']
+<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
-*[http://www.dipbot.unict.it/orto/0359-1.html Images of Acanthus]
+<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
-[[Category:Acanthaceae]]
+<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:39, 21 June 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{Inc\|
		+	Acanthus (akanthos, thorn). Acanthaceae. Bear's Breech. A genus of twenty species of temperate Old World, mostly hardy herbaceous perennials of vigorous growth and broad pinnatifid foliage, suitable for backgrounds of borders and subtropical effects.
		+
		+	Height 3-4 ft.: spikes 1-1 1/2 ft. long; fls. dull white to rose or purplish, sessile, spicate, densely clustered; corolla 1-lipped, the lip 3-lobed; anthers 1-celled, ciliate. Mostly S. Eu.
		+
		+	They need a rich, light, well-drained soil and much sunshine. Excessive moisture is fatal, especially in winter and spring. Fall-planted stock should always be protected for the winter by long litter or evergreen boughs, even where established plants are hardy. Must be deeply mulched north in winter. Propagation is by division in spring or early autumn, and by seeds.
		+
		+	It is supposed that acanthus leaves afforded the suggestion for the foliage decoration on the capital of the Corinthian and other columns. Fig. 85 shows the conventionalized decoration, and Fig. 86 the form of leaf of A. spinosus. The leaves of A. mollis were probably also involved in variations of decoration.
		+
		+	}}
	{{Taxobox		{{Taxobox
	\| color = lightgreen		\| color = lightgreen

← Older revision	Revision as of 23:34, 9 February 2009
(No difference)