Aleurites - Revision history

Murali.lalitha at 04:33, 14 November 2010

2010-11-14T04:33:03Z

Raffi at 00:25, 15 August 2009

2009-08-15T00:25:46Z

BradiRoberts at 07:24, 12 August 2009

2009-08-12T07:24:29Z

Envoy at 12:29, 11 November 2007

2007-11-11T12:29:00Z

New page

{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Aleurites''
| image = Aleuritesmoluccana1web.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''Aleurites moluccana'' (Candlenut)
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Malpighiales]]
| familia = [[Euphorbiaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Crotonoideae]]
| tribus = [[Aleuritideae]]
| subtribus = [[Aleuritinae]]
| genus = '''''Aleurites'''''
| genus_authority = [[Johann Reinhold Forster|J.R.Forst.]] & [[Georg Forster|G.Forst.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
See section [[Aleurites#Species|Species]].
}}

'''''Aleurites''''' is a small arborescent genus of plants in the tropical and subtropical regions of [[Asia]], the [[Pacific]] and [[South America]], belonging to the Spurge family [[Euphorbiaceae]].

These monoecious, evergreen [[tree]]s are [[Perennial plant|perennials]] or semi-perennials. These are large trees, 15-40 m tall, with spreading drooping and rising branches.

The [[Leaf|leaves]] are alternate, lobate, ovate to ovate-lanceolate with minute stipules. They are pubescent on both sides when young, but in a later stage they become glabrous.

[[Image:Aleuritesmoluccana2web.jpg|thumb|left|Candlenut (''Aleurites moluccana'')]]
The [[inflorescence]] consists of terminal plumes of small, creamy white bell-shaped fragrant [[flower]]s, branching from the base. The flowers are usually bisexual, with a solitary pistillate flower at the end of each major axis. The lateral cymes are staminate. There are five or six imbricate petals. The staminate flowers are mostly longer and thinner than the pistillate flowers, with 17-32 glabrous stamens in four whorls. The pistillate flowers have a superior [[ovary (plants)|ovary]].

The [[fruit]]s are rather large drupes with a fleshy exocarp and a thin, woody endocarp. They vary in shape, according to the numbers of developed locules. They contain oleiferous [[seed]]s. These seeds are [[poison]]ous.

The oil has been used as a [[paraffin]], lubricant or as a constituent of varnish, paint or soap. It has also been used as baking oil, after removing the poisonous substances.

Some deciduous [[China|Chinese]] species are now classified under a separate species ''Vernicia''.

The name ''Aleurites'' is derived from a [[Greek language|Greek]] word meaning "wheaten flour", because of the appearance of the lower surface of the leaf.

===Species===
The most widespread species is the [[Candlenut]] (''Aleurites moluccana''), occurring from tropical Asia, the Pacific, from India to China and Polynesia, Australia and New Zealand. Some botanists only recognize two species, ''Aleurites moluccana'' and ''Aleurites rockinghamensis''.
*''[[Aleurites angustifolia]]'' - ([[New Caledonia]])
*''[[Aleurites cordata]]'' - ([[China]])
*''[[Aleurites erratica]]''
*''[[Aleurites fordii]]'' - varnish tree, tung tree, tung oil tree, China wood oil tree (China)
*''[[Aleurites integrifolia]]'' - (New Caledonia)
*''[[Aleurites javanica]]'' - ([[Java (island)|Java]])
*''[[Candlenut|Aleurites moluccana]]'' - Indian walnut, candlenut tree, country walnut, aburagiri, ama
**''Aleurites moluccana'' var. ''floccosa'' - ([[New Guinea]])
**''Aleurites moluccana'' var. ''katoi'' - ([[Hawaii]])
**''Aleurites moluccana'' var. ''moluccana''
**''Aleurites moluccana'' var. ''rockinghamensis'' - (New Guinea, [[Australia]])
*''Aleurites montana'' (now ''[[Vernicia montana]]'') - wood-oil tree, mu oil tree.
*''[[Aleurites pentaphylla]]'' - ([[East Asia]])
*''[[Aleurites remyi]]'' - ([[Hawaii]])
*''[[Aleurites saponaria]]'' - ([[Philippines]])
*''[[Aleurites triloba]]'' - ([[Pacific]])

[[Image:Aleuritesmoluccana3web.jpg|thumb|200px|Candlenut seedling]]

The genus is also known by the [[synonymy|synonym]] ''Camirium'' [[Gaertn.]]

==References==
* Stuppy, W., P.C. van Welzen, P. Klinratana & M.C.T. Posa. 1999. Revision of the genera Aleurites, Reutealis and Vernicia (Euphorbiaceae). ''Blumea'' 44: 73-98.

[[Category:Euphorbiaceae]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:33, 14 November 2010
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		+	{{SPlantbox
		+	\|familia=Euphorbiaceae
		+	\|genus=Aleurites
		+	\|habit=tree
		+	\|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|lifespan=perennial
		+	\|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|features=evergreen, deciduous
		+	\|Temp Metric=°F
		+	\|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
		+	\|image=Upload.png
		+	\|image_width=240
		+	}}
	__NOTOC__{{Plantbox		__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
	\| name = ''LATINNAME'' <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->		\| name = ''LATINNAME'' <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Inc|
 Aleurites (Greek, farinose or floury). Euphorbiaceae. Tropical trees grown for the oils they yield or sometimes for shade and ornament.
@@ Line 8: / Line 37: @@
 A. cordata is a fine smooth-barked tree, good for shade and will stand high temperature, but not much below freezing. A. Fordii is a very ornamental tree.
-The wood-oil trees are usually grown on dry, thin soil not suited to general farming. They are grown from seeds, and begin to produce nuts in three to six years. The seedlings are raised in a bed and transplanted when about a foot high or are planted where they are to stand. They may also be propagated from hardwood cuttings, which root readily. An average tree is said to yield twenty to fifty pounds of nuts with about 24 percent of oil. The oil is pressed from the seed after roasting. The seed is poisonous. See Circ. 108, U. S. Bu. PI. Ind.
+The wood-oil trees are usually grown on dry, thin soil not suited to general farming. They are grown from seeds, and begin to produce nuts in three to six years. The seedlings are raised in a bed and transplanted when about a foot high or are planted where they are to stand. They may also be propagated from hardwood cuttings, which root readily. An average tree is said to yield twenty to fifty pounds of nuts with about 24 percent of oil. The oil is pressed from the seed after roasting. The seed is poisonous.
-}}
+{{SCH}}
 }}
-'''''Aleurites''''' is a small arborescent genus of plants in the tropical and subtropical regions of [[Asia]], the [[Pacific]] and [[South America]], belonging to the Spurge family [[Euphorbiaceae]].
+==Cultivation==
-These monoecious, evergreen [[tree]]s are [[Perennial plant|perennials]] or semi-perennials. These are large trees, 15-40 m tall, with spreading drooping and rising branches.
+===Propagation===
-The [[Leaf|leaves]] are alternate, lobate, ovate to ovate-lanceolate with minute stipules. They are pubescent on both sides when young, but in a later stage they become glabrous.
+===Pests and diseases===
-[[Image:Aleuritesmoluccana2web.jpg|thumb|left|Candlenut (''Aleurites moluccana'')]]
+==Species==
-The [[inflorescence]] consists of terminal plumes of small, creamy white bell-shaped fragrant [[flower]]s, branching from the base. The flowers are usually bisexual, with a solitary pistillate flower at the end of each major axis. The lateral cymes are staminate. There are five or six imbricate petals. The staminate flowers are mostly longer and thinner than the pistillate flowers, with 17-32 glabrous stamens in four whorls. The pistillate flowers have a superior [[ovary (plants)|ovary]].
+The most widespread species is the [[Candlenut]] (''Aleurites moluccana''), occurring from tropical Asia, the Pacific, from India to China and Polynesia, Australia and New Zealand{{wp}}. Some botanists only recognize two species, ''Aleurites moluccana'' and ''Aleurites rockinghamensis''{{wp}}.
 *''[[Aleurites angustifolia]]'' - ([[New Caledonia]])
 *''[[Aleurites cordata]]'' - ([[China]])
@@ Line 67: / Line 69: @@
 *''[[Aleurites triloba]]'' - ([[Pacific]])
-[[Image:Aleuritesmoluccana3web.jpg|thumb|200px|Candlenut seedling]]
+==Gallery==
-The genus is also known by the [[synonymy|synonym]] ''Camirium'' [[Gaertn.]]
+<gallery>
 ==References==
-* Stuppy, W., P.C. van Welzen, P. Klinratana & M.C.T. Posa. 1999. Revision of the genera Aleurites, Reutealis and Vernicia (Euphorbiaceae). ''Blumea'' 44: 73-98.
+*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
-[[Category:Euphorbiaceae]]
+<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:24, 12 August 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{Inc\|
		+	Aleurites (Greek, farinose or floury). Euphorbiaceae. Tropical trees grown for the oils they yield or sometimes for shade and ornament.
		+
		+	Leaves alternate, palmately veined, 3-5-lobed, the long petioles with 2 glands at the apex: fls. usually monoecious, in lax terminal cymes; sepals 2-3, valvate; petals 5; stamens 8-20, the inner row monadelphous; ovule in each cell of the 2-5-celled ovary: fr. large, drupaceous, with thick-shelled seeds.—Four species, with milky juice, natives of E. Asia and Pacific Isls. Jatropha and Hevea, are related genera.
		+
		+	All of the species are cultivated in tropical countries for the drying oil derived from the seeds. These oils are similar to linseed oil, but dry quicker, harder and more waterproof but less lightproof and elastic. The seeds of A. moluccana yield 60 percent of oil (kekuna, krlun or bankul oil), which is used for burning or in varnishes. The seed or oil is also used to some extent as food and the wood is worked. The tree is grown for shade. It is said to be easily grown in the tropics up to 2000 feet altitude. It is easily propagated from seeds, which sprout in four to five weeks. The oil (wood-oil, tung-oil) of the seeds of the wood-oil trees (A. cordata, A. Fordii) is much used, especially in China and Japan, for treating woodwork, cloth, and the like, and for burning. Its importation to this country is on the increase, where it is used in varnishes and other products, paints, soaps, linoleum, and so on. A. Fordii, which is the hardier species, has been extensively introduced into the southern states by our Department of Agriculture and is reported to be doing very well.
		+
		+	A. cordata is a fine smooth-barked tree, good for shade and will stand high temperature, but not much below freezing. A. Fordii is a very ornamental tree.
		+
		+	The wood-oil trees are usually grown on dry, thin soil not suited to general farming. They are grown from seeds, and begin to produce nuts in three to six years. The seedlings are raised in a bed and transplanted when about a foot high or are planted where they are to stand. They may also be propagated from hardwood cuttings, which root readily. An average tree is said to yield twenty to fifty pounds of nuts with about 24 percent of oil. The oil is pressed from the seed after roasting. The seed is poisonous. See Circ. 108, U. S. Bu. PI. Ind.
		+	}}
	{{Taxobox		{{Taxobox
	\| color = lightgreen		\| color = lightgreen