Apricot - Revision history

Jht at 02:43, 15 August 2021

2021-08-15T02:43:18Z

Jht at 22:31, 4 August 2021

2021-08-04T22:31:54Z

Kaevin at 01:57, 5 March 2015

2015-03-05T01:57:59Z

Raffi at 16:26, 14 April 2011

2011-04-14T16:26:53Z

Murali.lalitha at 10:26, 19 January 2010

2010-01-19T10:26:56Z

Raffi at 01:42, 27 October 2009

2009-10-27T01:42:51Z

Raffi at 01:23, 22 September 2009

2009-09-22T01:23:54Z

Trees: copyedit

2009-03-16T00:25:29Z

copyedit

Raffi: sunset zones

2009-03-13T18:14:17Z

sunset zones

Raffi: NOTOC

2009-03-13T17:51:13Z

__NOTOC__

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{SPlantbox2
+{{SPlantbox
 |familia=Rosaceae
 |genus=Prunus

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{SPlantbox
+{{SPlantbox2
 |familia=Rosaceae
 |genus=Prunus

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 |Min Temp Num=-30
 |Temp Metric=°C
-|min_zone=5
+|min_zone=3
 |max_zone=9
 |sunset_zones=3-24 (see text)

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 |exposure=sun
 |water=moderate
-|features=flowers, fruit
+|features=flowers, edible, fruit
 |flower_season=early spring
 |flowers=pink, white, single
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 Although probably all the good varieties of the apricot in the world have been introduced into California in the last half-century, and scores of selected seedlings of local origin have been widely tested, the varieties that have survived the tests and are now widely grown are comparatively few in number. Most of the rejected varieties met this fate because of shy bearing, and those which now constitute the bulk of the crop are very regular and full bearers, under rational treatment. A local seedling, the Pringle, was for many years chiefly grown for the earliest ripening, but this has recently been largely superseded by another local seedling, the Newcastle, which is of superior size and about as early. The European varieties, Large Early and Early Golden, are fine in a few localities where they bear well, and do better in southern California than elsewhere. The universal favorite is the Royal; probably three-fourths of all the trees in the state are of this variety, though recently the area of the Blenheim has been increasing largely. The Hemskirk stands next to the Blenheim in popularity. The Peach is largely grown in the Sacramento Valley. The best apricot grown in California is the Moorpark; in size and lusciousness, when well ripened, it heads the list. It is, however, rather shy in bearing, and is forsaken for this fault in most regions. It shows the best behavior in the Santa Clara Valley, and is there retained, in spite of frequent lapses, because of the high prices which it commands at the canneries. About a dozen other varieties are carried in small number by the nurserymen to meet limited local demands.
-Apricots for canning and drying are graded according to size: Extra, not less than 2¼ inches in diameter; No. 1, 2 inches; No. 2, 1½ inches; No. 3, 1 inch. The first three grades must be sound, clean and free from blemish, and No. 3 must be of good merchantable quality. The shippers and canners require well-colored but only firm-ripe fruit, because both the long rail transportation and the canning process require it; soft-ripe fruit will neither can nor carry. For drying, riper fruit is used, and yet over-ripeness has to be guarded against to avoid too dark color. For canning, the fruit must be carefully hand-picked; for drying, much is shaken from the trees. The drying process consists in cutting the fruit in halves longitudinally, dropping out the pits and placing the halves, cavity uppermost, upon light wooden trays. Breaking or tearing the fruit open will not do; it must show clean-cut edges. When the trays are covered they are placed in a tight compartment, usually called a &quot;sulfur box,&quot; though it may be of considerable size, and the fruit is exposed to the fumes of slowly burning sulfur, to ensure its drying to the light golden color which is most acceptable to the trade. The production of the right color is the end in view, and different dryers regulate the amount of sulfur and the length of exposure according to the condition of their fruit and their judgment of what it needs. The exposure varies from half an hour to two or three hours, according to circumstances. After sulfuring, the trays are taken to open ground, and the fruit is cured in the sun. Only a very small fraction of the California product of evaporated apricots is cured in an evaporator. It requires about six pounds of fresh apricots to make one pound of cured fruit.
+Apricots for canning and drying are graded according to size: Extra, not less than 2¼ inches in diameter; No. 1, 2 inches; No. 2, 1½ inches; No. 3, 1 inch. The first three grades must be sound, clean and free from blemish, and No. 3 must be of good merchantable quality. The shippers and canners require well-colored but only firm-ripe fruit, because both the long rail transportation and the canning process require it; soft-ripe fruit will neither can nor carry. For drying, riper fruit is used, and yet over-ripeness has to be guarded against to avoid too dark color. For canning, the fruit must be carefully hand-picked; for drying, much is shaken from the trees. The drying process consists in cutting the fruit in halves longitudinally, dropping out the pits and placing the halves, cavity uppermost, upon light wooden trays. Breaking or tearing the fruit open will not do; it must show clean-cut edges. When the trays are covered they are placed in a tight compartment, usually called a "sulfur box," though it may be of considerable size, and the fruit is exposed to the fumes of slowly burning sulfur, to ensure its drying to the light golden color which is most acceptable to the trade. The production of the right color is the end in view, and different dryers regulate the amount of sulfur and the length of exposure according to the condition of their fruit and their judgment of what it needs. The exposure varies from half an hour to two or three hours, according to circumstances. After sulfuring, the trays are taken to open ground, and the fruit is cured in the sun. Only a very small fraction of the California product of evaporated apricots is cured in an evaporator. It requires about six pounds of fresh apricots to make one pound of cured fruit.
 A moderate estimate of the yield of apricots might be placed at seven and one-half tons to the acre; extreme yields are far away from this both ways.
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 }}
-The '''Apricot''' (''Prunus armeniaca'', &quot;Armenian plum&quot; in Latin, [[synonymy|syn.]] ''Armeniaca vulgaris'' Lam.&quot;Tsiran&quot; ծիրան in [[Armenia]]n) is a species of ''[[Prunus]]'', classified with the [[plum]] in the [[subgenus]] ''Prunus''.
+The '''Apricot''' (''Prunus armeniaca'', "Armenian plum" in Latin, [[synonymy|syn.]] ''Armeniaca vulgaris'' Lam."Tsiran" ծիրան in [[Armenia]]n) is a species of ''[[Prunus]]'', classified with the [[plum]] in the [[subgenus]] ''Prunus''.
 [[Image:Turkey.Pasa Baglari005.jpg|thumb|right|Apricot tree]]

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 |image_caption=Apricot fruit
 }}
-The '''Apricot''' (''Prunus armeniaca'', "Armenian plum" in Latin, [[synonymy|syn.]] ''Armeniaca vulgaris'' Lam."Tsiran" ծիրան in [[Armenia]]n) is a species of ''[[Prunus]]'', classified with the [[plum]] in the [[subgenus]] ''Prunus''.
+{{Inc|
 [[Image:Turkey.Pasa Baglari005.jpg|thumb|right|Apricot tree]]

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-__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
+{{SPlantbox
-| color = IndianRed
+|familia=Rosaceae
-| common_names = Apricot
+|genus=Prunus
-| growth_habit = [[Tree]]
+|species=armeniaca
-| high = 8–12 m
+|common_name=Apricot
-| wide = to 40 cm trunk diameter
+|habit=tree
-| lifespan = [[Perennial]]
+|Min ht box=8
-| exposure = Sun
+|Min ht metric=m
-| water = regular
+|Max ht box=12
-| features = Fruit, blossoms
+|Max ht metric=m
-| hardiness = Hardy to -30C
+|origin=Siberia to China
-| usda_zones = 5-8
+|lifespan=perennial
-| sunset_zones = 3-24 (see text)
+|exposure=sun
-| name = Apricot
+|water=moderate
-| image = Apricots.jpg
+|features=flowers, fruit
-| image_width = 240px
+|flower_season=early spring
-| image_caption = Apricot fruit
+|flowers=pink, white, single
-| regnum = Plantae
+|Min Temp Num=-30
-| divisio = Magnoliophyta
+|Temp Metric=°C
-| classis = Magnoliopsida
+|min_zone=5
-| ordo = Rosales
+|max_zone=9
-| familia = Rosaceae
+|sunset_zones=3-24 (see text)
-| genus = Prunus
+|image=Apricots.jpg
-| species = armeniaca
+|image_width=240
 }}
 The '''Apricot''' (''Prunus armeniaca'', "Armenian plum" in Latin, [[synonymy|syn.]] ''Armeniaca vulgaris'' Lam."Tsiran" ծիրան in [[Armenia]]n) is a species of ''[[Prunus]]'', classified with the [[plum]] in the [[subgenus]] ''Prunus''.
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 ==External links==

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 [[Image:Turkey.Pasa Baglari005.jpg|thumb|right|Apricot tree]]
-It is a small tree, 8–12 m tall, with a trunk up to 40 cm diameter and a dense, spreading canopy. The [[leaf|leaves]] are [[leaf shape|ovate]], 5–9 cm long and 4–8 cm wide, with a rounded base, a pointed tip and a finely serrated margin. The [[flower]]s are 2–4.5 cm diameter, with five white to pinkish petals; they are produced singly or in pairs in early spring before the leaves. The [[fruit]] is a [[drupe]] similar to a small [[peach]], 1.5–2.5 cm diameter (larger in some modern [[cultivar]]s), from yellow to orange, often tinged red on the side most exposed to the sun; its surface is usually pubescent. The single [[seed]] is enclosed in a hard stony shell, often called a "stone", with a grainy, smooth texture except for three ridges running down one side.<ref name=foc/><ref name=rushforth>Rushforth, K. (1999). ''Trees of Britain and Europe''. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.</ref>
+Common Apricot. Small round-topped tree with reddish bark much like that of the peach tree: lvs. ovate to round-ovate, sometimes slightly cordate at the base, abruptly short-pointed, glabrous (at least above), closely serrate, the stalks stout and gland-bearing: fls. pinkish, solitary and sessile or very nearly so, appearing from lateral buds of last year's growth (sometimes on short year-old spurs) before the lvs.: fr. variable, nearly smooth when ripe, short-stalked like a peach, usually somewhat flattened, mostly yellow and overlaid more or less with red, the stone flat and smooth, ridged or sulcate on one edge. Probably Siberia (Dahuria, Manchuria) to China as a native plant. It early reached Eu., where it was once supposed to be native of Armenia, whence the name Armeniaca. The Russian apricot is a hardy race of this species. Var. pendula, Dipp., has hanging or pendulous twigs. Var. variegata, Hort., has white-variegated foliage.—P. Armeniaca is apparently widespread in farther Asia and it is variable. By some authors the main forms are separated as species but the differences appear to be too unimportant or inconstant for clear definition and they are here retained as varieties.{{SCH}}
 ==Cultivation==
 [[Image:apricotfresh.JPG|thumb|left|Fresh apricots on display.]]
 [[Image:Dried apricot 01 Pengo.jpg|thumb|right|Dried organic apricot. The colour is dark because it has not been treated with [[sulfur dioxide]] (E220).]]
-Apricot cultivars are most often [[grafting|grafted]] on plum or peach rootstocks. A cutting of an existing apricot plant provides the fruit characteristics such as flavour, size, etc., but the rootstock provides the growth characteristics of the plant. Apricots and plums can hybridize with each other and produce fruit that are variously called pluots, plumcots, or apriums.
+===Propagation===
-Apricots have a chilling requirement of 300 to 900 chilling units. They are hardy in [[Hardiness zone#North American hardiness zones|USDA zones]] 5 through 8. Some of the more popular cultivars of apricots include ''Blenheim'', ''Wenatchee Moorpark'', ''Tilton'', and ''Perfection''. Most will grow in Sunset Zones 3-24, but thrive in 8, 9, and 14.  Some hardy Manchurian varieties (Prunus armeniaca mandschirica) will grow in zones 2 and 35-41. Extremely hardy types like 'Manchu', 'Moongold' and 'Sungold' may succeed in Zone 43.
+===Pests and diseases===
-There is an old adage that an apricot tree will not grow far from the mother tree. The implication is that apricots are particular about the soil conditions in which they are grown. They prefer a well-drained soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0. If fertilizer is needed, as indicated by yellow-green leaves, then 1/4 pound of 10-10-10 fertilizer should be applied in the second year. Granular fertilizer should be scattered beneath the branches of the tree. An additional 1/4 pound should be applied for every year of age of the tree in early spring, before growth starts. Apricots are self-compatible and do not require pollinizer trees, with the exception of the 'Moongold' and 'Sungold' cultivars, which can pollinate each other.
+==Varieties==
-==Propagation==
+Var. sibirica, Koch (P. sibirica, Linn. Armeniaca sibirica, Pers.).Siberian Apricot. Bush or small tree, 10 or 12 ft. high: lvs. small and glabrous, or sometimes sparingly bearded beneath, ovate to rounded, long- pointed, unequally crenate-serrate: fls. white or pink, appearing early in the season and usually in great profusion, subsessile, the calyx minutely puberulent: fr. globular, rarely more than 1/2in. diam., vellow with a reddish cheek, scarcely fleshy, practically inedible, finally splitting; stone smooth, very sharp-edged. Mongolia, Dahuria. L.B.C. 17:1627.—Sometimes planted as an ornamental bush.{{SCH}}
-==Pests and diseases==
+Var. mandshurica, Maxim. (P. mandshurica, Koehne). Lvs. rounded, subcordate or cuneate at base, at apex long-cuspidate and acute, margin strongly double-toothed, the teeth sharp and twice longer than wide: peduncle long (about 1/4 in.): fr. nearly globular, scarcely 1 in. long, yellow, red-spotted, succulent and sweet; stone small and smooth, the margin obtuse, the seed sweet. Manchuria.—Distinguished by the narrow sharp teeth and double serration of the lvs. ; kept as a distinct species by some authors.{{SCH}}
-Apricots are susceptible to numerous bacterial diseases including bacterial canker and blast, bacterial spot and crown gall. They are susceptible to an even longer list of fungal diseases including brown rot, Alternaria spot and fruit rot, and powdery mildew. Other problems for apricots are nematodes and viral diseases, including graft-transmissible problems.
 ==References==