Aquifoliaceae - Revision history

Raffi at 19:12, 13 May 2009

2009-05-13T19:12:13Z

Raffi at 19:10, 13 May 2009

2009-05-13T19:10:53Z

Irenet at 03:04, 13 May 2009

2009-05-13T03:04:31Z

Envoy at 14:21, 1 October 2007

2007-10-01T14:21:48Z

New page

{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Aquifoliaceae
| image = english holly.jpg
| image_caption = [[European Holly]] (''Ilex aquifolium'')
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Aquifoliales]]
| familia = '''Aquifoliaceae'''
| familia_authority = [[A. P. de Candolle|DC.]] ex [[A.Rich.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
''[[Ilex]]'' - [[Holly]]
}}

'''Aquifoliaceae''' is a small [[flowering plant]] family with only one genus, ''[[Ilex]]'', the [[Holly|hollies]], a large genus with about 600 species distributed nearly world-wide, absent only from [[Australasia]] and western [[North America]]. They are shrubs and small trees, including both [[evergreen]] and [[deciduous]] species. Many of them are highly decorative.

[[Image:Americanholly 8046.JPG|left|thumb|[[American Holly]] (''Ilex opaca'') foliage and berries]]
One other genus, ''Nemopanthus'', was formerly accepted as containing one species ''Nemopanthus mucronatus'', separated from ''Ilex'' on the basis that the [[flower]]s having a reduced [[calyx (flower)|calyx]] and narrow [[petal]]s, and also in [[cytology]], being [[polyploid|tetraploid]], whereas ''Ilex'' is [[diploid]]. However, following molecular analysis, it has now been merged into ''Ilex'', as ''I. mucronata'' [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?25114], [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?429925]. <br clear = left>

==References==
*Powell, M., Savolainen, V., Cuénod, P., Manen, J. F., & Andrews, S. (2000). The mountain holly (''Nemopanthus mucronatus'': Aquifoliaceae) revisited with molecular data. ''Kew Bulletin'' 55: 341-347.

[[Category:Plant families]]
[[Category:Aquifoliales]]

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 | common_names = Holly Family
 | color = IndianRed
-| image = english holly.jpg
+| image = Americanholly 8046.JPG
 | image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
-| image_caption = European Holly (Ilex aquifolium)
+| image_caption = [[American Holly]] (''Ilex opaca'') foliage and berries
 | regnum = Plantae
 | divisio = Magnoliophyta
@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 <gallery>
 Image:Upload.png| photo 1
 Image:Upload.png| photo 2

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Inc|
 Aquifoliaceae (from Aquifolium, Tournefort's name for the genus Ilex, application obscure). Holly Family. Fig. 34. Trees or shrubs, with alternate or opposite, simple, often evergreen leaves: flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual, very small, axillary, solitary or fascicled, rarely cymose; sepals 3-6, more or less connate; petals 4-5, nearly separate, imbricated; stamens 4-5, alternating with the petals, and sometimes adhering to them, hypogynous disk wanting, ovary superior, 3 to many-celled, each cell 1-2-ovuled; stigma subsessile, lobed: fruit berry-like; seeds albuminous.
@@ Line 6: / Line 19: @@
 Ilex Aquifolium of Europe is used there for hedges and for indoor decoration. I. opaca is used for indoor decoration in this country. The leaves of both are thick, glossy, evergreen and spiny-toothed. I. paraguariensis furnishes mate, which is the tea of South America. It was early cultivated by the Jesuits (1609- 1768), and is even yet one of the most important cultivated plants of South America. Other species of Ilex have been used in various parts of the world for medicine because of their astringent qualities and bitter principle.
-Many species of Ilex (Holly, Dahoon, Cassena, Yaupon, Winterberry, Black Alder), and one of Nemopanthus (Mountain Holly) are grown as cultivated plants in America, all for ornamental purposes.
+Many species of Ilex (Holly, Dahoon, Cassena, Yaupon, Winterberry, Black Alder), and one of Nemopanthus (Mountain Holly) are grown as cultivated plants in America, all for ornamental purposes.{{SCH}}
-{{SCH}}
+==Genera==
-}}
+Only one genus, ''[[Ilex]]''{{wp}}.
-'''Aquifoliaceae''' is a small [[flowering plant]] family with only one genus, ''[[Ilex]]'', the [[Holly|hollies]], a large genus with about 600 species distributed nearly world-wide, absent only from [[Australasia]] and western [[North America]]. They are shrubs and small trees, including both [[evergreen]] and [[deciduous]] species. Many of them are highly decorative.
+==Gallery==
-[[Image:Americanholly 8046.JPG|left|thumb|[[American Holly]] (''Ilex opaca'') foliage and berries]]
+<gallery>
-One other genus, ''Nemopanthus'', was formerly accepted as containing one species ''Nemopanthus mucronatus'', separated from ''Ilex'' on the basis that the [[flower]]s having a reduced [[calyx (flower)|calyx]] and narrow [[petal]]s, and also in [[cytology]], being [[polyploid|tetraploid]], whereas ''Ilex'' is [[diploid]]. However, following molecular analysis, it has now been merged into ''Ilex'', as ''I. mucronata'' [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?25114], [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?429925]. <br clear = left>
+Image:Upload.png| photo 1
 ==References==
-*Powell, M., Savolainen, V., Cuénod, P., Manen, J. F., & Andrews, S. (2000). The mountain holly (''Nemopanthus mucronatus'': Aquifoliaceae) revisited with molecular data. ''Kew Bulletin'' 55: 341-347.
+*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
 [[Category:Plant families]]
 [[Category:Aquifoliales]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:04, 13 May 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{Inc\|
		+	Aquifoliaceae (from Aquifolium, Tournefort's name for the genus Ilex, application obscure). Holly Family. Fig. 34. Trees or shrubs, with alternate or opposite, simple, often evergreen leaves: flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual, very small, axillary, solitary or fascicled, rarely cymose; sepals 3-6, more or less connate; petals 4-5, nearly separate, imbricated; stamens 4-5, alternating with the petals, and sometimes adhering to them, hypogynous disk wanting, ovary superior, 3 to many-celled, each cell 1-2-ovuled; stigma subsessile, lobed: fruit berry-like; seeds albuminous.
		+
		+	Three genera are known and about 280 species, of which 275 belong to the genus Ilex. These are widely distributed, but rare in Europe, the center of distribution being in Central and South America. Ten species are found wild in the northeastern United States. The Aquifoliaceae are related to the Celastraceae and the Anacardiaceae, from which they are distinguished by the absence of the hypogynous disk and by the general appearance.
		+
		+	Ilex Aquifolium of Europe is used there for hedges and for indoor decoration. I. opaca is used for indoor decoration in this country. The leaves of both are thick, glossy, evergreen and spiny-toothed. I. paraguariensis furnishes mate, which is the tea of South America. It was early cultivated by the Jesuits (1609- 1768), and is even yet one of the most important cultivated plants of South America. Other species of Ilex have been used in various parts of the world for medicine because of their astringent qualities and bitter principle.
		+
		+	Many species of Ilex (Holly, Dahoon, Cassena, Yaupon, Winterberry, Black Alder), and one of Nemopanthus (Mountain Holly) are grown as cultivated plants in America, all for ornamental purposes.
		+
		+	{{SCH}}
		+	}}
	{{Taxobox		{{Taxobox
	\| color = lightgreen		\| color = lightgreen