Aristolochia - Revision history

Raffi at 21:21, 25 January 2010

2010-01-25T21:21:16Z

Raffi at 21:18, 25 January 2010

2010-01-25T21:18:17Z

Murali.lalitha at 12:40, 25 January 2010

2010-01-25T12:40:32Z

Murali.lalitha at 12:09, 25 January 2010

2010-01-25T12:09:06Z

Raffi at 06:54, 28 June 2007

2007-06-28T06:54:10Z

Raffi: Aristolochia moved to Aristolochia gigantea: wrong place

2007-06-28T06:51:56Z

Aristolochia moved to Aristolochia gigantea: wrong place

New page

#REDIRECT [[Aristolochia gigantea]]

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 |jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
 |image=Aristolochia.littoralis1web.jpg
-|image_width=240
+|image_width=200
 |image_caption=Calico Flower (''Aristolochia elegans'')
 }}
@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 The simple [[Leaf|leaves]] are alternate and cordate, membranous,  growing on leaf stalks. There are no stipules.
 [[Image:Aristolochia_sp.jpg|thumb|Ornamental ''Aristolochia'']]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{SPlantbox
 |genus=Aristolochia
 |Temp Metric=°F
 |jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
-|image=Upload.png
+|image=Aristolochia.littoralis1web.jpg
 |image_width=240
 }}
 '''''Aristolochia''''' is a large genus of plants with over 500 species, belonging to the Birthwort family ([[Aristolochiaceae]]).
@@ Line 59: / Line 34: @@
 Some reference books state that the Latin name ''Aristolochia'' was developed from [[Greek language|Greek]] [[etymon]]s meaning ''aristos'', &quot;best&quot;, and ''locheia'', &quot;childbirth&quot; or &quot;childbed&quot;.
 == Species ==
@@ Line 149: / Line 143: @@
 *''[[Aristolochia wrightii]]''
-== References ==
+==Gallery==
-*[http://www.itis.usda.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=18328 ITIS 18328]
-*[http://www.cancer.org/docroot/PED/content/PED_1_3x_Known_and_Probable_Carcinogens.asp?sitearea=PED   Carcinogenic properties of Aristolochia]
+<gallery perrow=5>
-*[http://www.killerplants.com/weird-plants/20020110.asp How did the shape of a flower cause the death of women?]
+Image:Upload.png| photo 1
-* Pictures of [http://www.chilebosque.cl/herb/archil.html ''Aristolochia chilensis''] and [http://www.chilebosque.cl/herb/arbrid.html ''Aristolochia bridgesii'']
+Image:Upload.png| photo 2
-[[Category:Piperales]]
+{{stub}}
-[[Category:Abortifacients]]
+__NOTOC__

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:40, 25 January 2010
Line 12:		Line 12:

	These plants are mostly climbing vines, A. macrophylla being perhaps the best known vine for shade purposes. It is vigorous and of rapid growth, and has never been known to be attacked by fungoid or insect enemies. For covering outbuildings quickly it has no equal, owing to the heavy growth of foliage and its adaptability to any situation. The flowers are peculiar in shape, giving rise to the popular name, Dutchman's pipe. These are inconspicuous, however, compared with the tropical species of this genus. In contrast with the foregoing, A. grandiflora var. Sturtevantii has gigantic flowers with a tail sometimes 3 feet long. This species must be cultivated under glass and is most suitable for large structures as the odor when in bloom beggars description, it being such that flies have been known to be deceived, thinking its origin was due to putridity. There are other fine species for indoor culture as A. brasiliensis and A. Goldieana. These are best propagated from cuttings taken from well-matured wood in early spring or at pruning time. A rich soil is desirable and preference is given to planting the roots in a border or bed that they may be trained up rafters or pillars of warmhouses. Pot culture does not give good results. Another very pretty species is A. elegans. This is not odorous, can easily be procured from seeds, which are freely produced under cultivation. It will bloom the first year under glass, and may be cut back to give light to other plants in winter. The outdoor A. macrophylla (often known as A. Sipho) produces good seed; this seems to be the only way to increase it as hardwood cuttings do not root readily. (E. O. Orpet.)		These plants are mostly climbing vines, A. macrophylla being perhaps the best known vine for shade purposes. It is vigorous and of rapid growth, and has never been known to be attacked by fungoid or insect enemies. For covering outbuildings quickly it has no equal, owing to the heavy growth of foliage and its adaptability to any situation. The flowers are peculiar in shape, giving rise to the popular name, Dutchman's pipe. These are inconspicuous, however, compared with the tropical species of this genus. In contrast with the foregoing, A. grandiflora var. Sturtevantii has gigantic flowers with a tail sometimes 3 feet long. This species must be cultivated under glass and is most suitable for large structures as the odor when in bloom beggars description, it being such that flies have been known to be deceived, thinking its origin was due to putridity. There are other fine species for indoor culture as A. brasiliensis and A. Goldieana. These are best propagated from cuttings taken from well-matured wood in early spring or at pruning time. A rich soil is desirable and preference is given to planting the roots in a border or bed that they may be trained up rafters or pillars of warmhouses. Pot culture does not give good results. Another very pretty species is A. elegans. This is not odorous, can easily be procured from seeds, which are freely produced under cultivation. It will bloom the first year under glass, and may be cut back to give light to other plants in winter. The outdoor A. macrophylla (often known as A. Sipho) produces good seed; this seems to be the only way to increase it as hardwood cuttings do not root readily. (E. O. Orpet.)
		+
		+	A. altissima, Deaf. Fls. 2 in. or leas long, brownish. Sicily and Algeria. B.M. 6586.—Would probably be hardy with protection in the middle states.—A. anguicida, Jacq. Lvs. long-cordate: fls. small, 1-2 in. long, with a long-pointed limb. Colombia. B.M. 4361. F.S. 4:344.—A. barbata, Jacq. Lvs. oblong and cordate. Fls. 2½ in., purple. Venezuela. B.M.5869.-A. caudate and A. ciliosa, Benth.-A. fimbriata.—A, clypeata, Lindl. & Andre. Lvs. triangular- ovate, pointed: fls. with a large, oval, purple-spotted, tailless limb. S. Amer. I.H. 17:40. B.M. 7512.—A. Duchartrei, Andre --A. Ruiziana.—A. fimbriata, Cham. A free-flowering greenhouse species: lvs. small, cordate-orbicular: fls. small, the little limb glandular-ciliate. Brazil. B.M. 3756 (as A. ciliata).—A. hians. Willd. Lvs. round-cordate: fls. bronze-green, with lobed limb and a hairy beak. Venezuela. B.M. 7073. Allied to A. brasiliensis.— A. Kaémpferi. Willd. Toll-climbing: Lvs. ovate-cordate or hastate, variable: fls. solitary, tomentose, with narrow rim, yellow outside, purple inside. Japan. Probably hardy in the N.—A. longicaudata. Mast. Lvs. ovate and cordate: fls. cream-colored with purple markings, with a large sac-like tube, hairy at the throat, with no expanded limb but a very long tail. S. Amer. G.C. III. 8:493.—A. longifolia. Champ. Branches climbing, from a woody rootstock: Lvs. thick, linear-lanceolate: fls. U-shaped, with a 2-lobed purple limb 2½ in. across. Hong Kong. B.M. 6884.—A. macroura, Gomez. Lvs. reniform, lobed: fl. dark maroon, 6-spurred, the lip with a twisted cusp. Brazil. B.M. 3769 (as A. caudata).—A. macroura Xbrasiliensis, a garden hybrid.—A. odoratissima, Linn. Lvs. cordate-ovate: fl. solitary, purple, sweet. Jamaica.—A. pontica, Linn. Erect or ascending from a globose rootstock: Lvs. large, broadly ovate: fls. very large, curved, greenish purple, ill-smelling. Asia Minor.—A. ringens, Vahl. Lvs. round-reniform: fl. 7-10 in. long, green marked with dark purple, hairy inside, with 2 long lips, one of which has a much-expanded limb. Brazil. B.M. 5700.—A. Ruiziana, Duch. Lvs. reniform-cordate: fls. with tube 1 in. or less long, thecordate-ovatelimb3 in. across, and brown-spotted. Brazil. B.M. 5880 and G.C. 1868:516 (as A. Duchartrei).—A. saccata, WalL Lvs. long-ovate: fls. small, U-shaped, with a very narrow rim (suggesting the Dutchman's pipe), red. India. B.M. 3640.— A. Salpinx, Mast. Lvs. ovate-lanceolate: fls. small, with a trumpet- shaped, somewhat 2-lipped mouth, purplish. Paraguay. G.C. II. 26:457.—A. ungulifolia. Mast. Lys. 3-lobed: fls. small, brownish and reddish, with a ciliate, tongue-like lip. Borneo. G.C. II. 14:117. B.M. 7424.—A. Westlandii, Hems!. Lvs. oblong-lanceolate: fl. pendulous, with a spreading purple-marked limb 5 or 6 in. across. China. B.M. 7011. A greenhouse climber producing its fls. on the old parts of the plant near the ground.
	}}		}}

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Taxobox
 | color = lightgreen
@@ Line 41: / Line 56: @@
 Many species of Aristolochia are food for larvae of [[Swallowtail]] [[butterflies]].
-Some reference books state that the Latin name ''Aristolochia'' was developed from [[Greek language|Greek]] [[etymon]]s meaning ''aristos'', "best", and ''locheia'', "childbirth" or "childbed".
+Some reference books state that the Latin name ''Aristolochia'' was developed from [[Greek language|Greek]] [[etymon]]s meaning ''aristos'', &quot;best&quot;, and ''locheia'', &quot;childbirth&quot; or &quot;childbed&quot;.
 == Species ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:54, 28 June 2007
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	~~#REDIRECT~~ [[Aristolochia gigantea]]	+	{{Taxobox
		+	\| color = lightgreen
		+	\| name = ''Aristolochia''
		+	\| image = Aristolochia.littoralis1web.jpg
		+	\| image_width = 250px
		+	\| image_caption = Calico Flower (''Aristolochia elegans'')
		+	\| regnum = [[Plantae]]
		+	\| divisio = [[Flowering plant\|Magnoliophyta]]
		+	\| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
		+	\| ordo = [[Piperales]]
		+	\| familia = [[Aristolochiaceae]]
		+	\| genus = '''''Aristolochia'''''
		+	\| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus\|L.]]
		+	\| subdivision_ranks = Species
		+	\| subdivision = See text
		+	}}
		+
		+	'''''Aristolochia''''' is a large genus of plants with over 500 species, belonging to the Birthwort family ([[Aristolochiaceae]]).
		+
		+	This is a genus of evergreen and deciduous woody [[vine]]s and herbaceous [[perennial plant\|perennial]]s. They are widespread and occur in the most diverse climates, but not in Australia.
		+
		+	The smooth [[Plant stem\|stem]] is erect or somewhat twining.
		+
		+	The simple [[Leaf\|leaves]] are alternate and cordate, membranous, growing on leaf stalks. There are no stipules.
		+	[[Image:Aristolochia.littoralis2web.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Calico Flower (''Aristolochia elegans'') - leaves]]
		+
		+	[[Image:Aristolochia_sp.jpg\|thumb\|Ornamental ''Aristolochia'']]
		+
		+	The [[flower]]s grow in the leaf axils. They are inflated and globose at the base, continuing as a long perianth tube, ending in a tongue-shaped, brightly colored lobe. There is no [[corolla]]. These flowers have a specialized pollination mechanism. The plants are aromatic and their strong scent attracts insects. The inner part of the perianth tube is covered with hairs, acting as a fly-trap. These hairs then wither to release the fly, covered with pollen. The appearance of the flowers gives rise to the genus' common name '''Dutchman's pipe'''.
		+
		+	The [[calyx]] is one to three whorled, and three to six toothed. The sepals are united (gamosepalous). There are six to 40 stamens in one whorl. They are united with the style, forming a gynostemium.
		+
		+	The [[ovary (plants)\|ovary]] is inferior and is four to six locular.
		+
		+	The [[fruit]] is dehiscent [[capsule (fruit)\|capsule]] with many endospermic seeds.
		+
		+	Some species are commonly called Dutchman's Pipe, Pipevine (''Aristolochia macrophylla''), Birthwort (''Aristolochia clematitis''), and Virginia Snakeroot (''Aristolochia serpentaria''). The first three names come from the shape of the flowers, which resembles a pipe and a birth canal. Birthwort was given to women in labor to expel the [[placenta]], but since [[aristolochic acid]] is a poison, it sometimes resulted in the mother dying. Nevertheless, aristolochic acid is said to cure wounds or snakebites in a spectacular way. Decoctions of birthwort stimulate the production of white corpuscles and increase their activity. Furthermore, birthwort contains a disinfectant which drains off fluid from the wound. Birthwort was therefore highly regarded by the ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans.
		+
		+	Nonetheless, epidemiological and laboratory studies have shown the toxicity of herbal remedies containing plant species of the genus ''Aristolochia''. Herbal compounds containing Aristolochia are classified as a [[List_of_IARC_Group_1_carcinogens\|Group 1]] [[carcinogen]] by the [[International Agency for Research on Cancer]].
		+
		+	Many species of Aristolochia are food for larvae of [[Swallowtail]] [[butterflies]].
		+
		+	Some reference books state that the Latin name ''Aristolochia'' was developed from [[Greek language\|Greek]] [[etymon]]s meaning ''aristos'', "best", and ''locheia'', "childbirth" or "childbed".
		+
		+	== Species ==
		+	*''[[Aristolochia acutifolia]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia anguicida]]'' : Harlequin Dutchman's-Pipe
		+	*''[[Aristolochia arborea]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia arcuata]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia bilabiata]]'' : West Indian Dutchman's Pipe
		+	*''[[Aristolochia bilobata]]'' : Twolobe Dutchman's-Pipe
		+	*''[[Aristolochia bracteolata]]'' : Worm killer
		+	*''[[Aristolochia bridgesii]]'' : Chilean yellow fox's ears
		+	*''[[Aristolochia burelae]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia californica]]'' : California Dutchman's-Pipe, California Pipevine
		+	*''[[Aristolochia cauliflora]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia caudata]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia clematitis]]'' : European Birthwort
		+	*''[[Aristolochia chachapoyensis]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia chapmaniana]]'' (syn. ''A. tonduzii'')
		+	*''[[Aristolochia chilensis]]'' : Chilean fox's ears
		+	*''[[Aristolochia colossifolia]]'' Giant Leaf Aristolochia
		+	*''[[Aristolochia constricta]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia cordiflora]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia cornuta]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia coryi]]'' : Cory's Dutchman's-Pipe
		+	*''[[Aristolochia cymbifera]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia daemoninoxia]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia dalyi]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia deltoidea]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia durior]]'' (syn. ''A. macrophylla''): Dutchman's-Pipe, Pipevine
		+	*''[[Aristolochia elegans]]'' (syn. ''A. littoralis''): Elegant Dutchman's-Pipe, Calico Flower
		+	*''[[Aristolochia erecta]]'' : Swanflower
		+	*''[[Aristolochia esperanzae]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia filipendulina]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia foetida]]'' : Jalisco Dutchman's-Pipe
		+	*''[[Aristolochia galeata]]''
		+	[[Image:Aristolochia gigantea10.jpg\|right\|thumb\|''Aristolochia gigantea'']]
		+	*''[[Aristolochia gibertii]]'' (syn ''A. giberti'')
		+	*''[[Aristolochia gigantea]]'' : Giant Pelican Flower
		+	*''[[Aristolochia glandulosa]]'' : Cuban Birthwort
		+	*''[[Aristolochia grandiflora]]'' : Pelican Flower
		+	*''[[Aristolochia gorgona]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia guentheri]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia hians]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia inflata]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia iquitensis]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia klugii]]'' : Mothwing Birthwort
		+	*''[[Aristolochia kewensis]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia labiata]]'' : Mottled Dutchman's-Pipe
		+	*''[[Aristolochia leuconeura]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia lindneri]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia lingulata]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia longa]]'' : Long Aristolochia, Sarrasine
		+	*''[[Aristolochia macrophylla]]'' : Pipevine
		+	*''[[Aristolochia macroura]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia manchuriensis]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia mathewsii]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia maxima]]'' : Florida Dutchman's-Pipe
		+	*''[[Aristolochia nana]]'' : Tiny Pelican Flower
		+	*''[[Aristolochia odoratissima]]'' : Fragrant Dutchman's Pipe
		+	*''[[Aristolochia orbicularis]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia ornithocephala]]'' : Bird's Head
		+	*''[[Aristolochia ovalifolia]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia pallida]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia paulistana]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia peltata]]'' : Peltate Dutchman's-Pipe
		+	*''[[Aristolochia pentandra]]'' : Marsh's Dutchman's-Pipe
		+	*''[[Aristolochia pilosa]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia pistolochia]]'' : Birthwort
		+	*''[[Aristolochia prostrata]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia raja]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia reticulata]]'' : Red-River Snakeroot, Texas Dutchman's-Pipe
		+	*''[[Aristolochia ridicula]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia ringens]]'' : Gaping Dutchman's -Pipe
		+	*''[[Aristolochia rotunda]]'' : Round Birthwort Bush
		+	*''[[Aristolochia schippii]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia serpentaria]]'' : Virginia Snakeroot
		+	*''[[Aristolochia silvatica]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia sipho]]'' :
		+	*''[[Aristolochia sprucei]]'' : Spruce Leaf Aristolochia
		+	*''[[Aristolochia stomachoides]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia surinamensis]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia taliscana]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia tagala]]'':Indian birthwort
		+	*''[[Aristolochia tomentosa]]'' : Woolly Pipe Vine, Woolly Dutchman's-Pipe
		+	*''[[Aristolochia tricaudata]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia trilobata]]'' : Bejuco de Santiago
		+	*''[[Aristolochia urupaensis]]'' : Heart Leaf Aristolochia
		+	*''[[Aristolochia watsonii]]'' : Watson's Dutchman's-Pipe
		+	*''[[Aristolochia weddellii]]''
		+	*''[[Aristolochia wrightii]]''
		+
		+	== References ==
		+	*[http://www.itis.usda.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=18328 ITIS 18328]
		+	*[http://www.cancer.org/docroot/PED/content/PED_1_3x_Known_and_Probable_Carcinogens.asp?sitearea=PED Carcinogenic properties of Aristolochia]
		+	*[http://www.killerplants.com/weird-plants/20020110.asp How did the shape of a flower cause the death of women?]
		+	* Pictures of [http://www.chilebosque.cl/herb/archil.html ''Aristolochia chilensis''] and [http://www.chilebosque.cl/herb/arbrid.html ''Aristolochia bridgesii'']
		+
		+	[[Category:Piperales]]
		+	[[Category:Abortifacients]]