Artemisia - Revision history

Raffi at 17:46, 23 November 2011

2011-11-23T17:46:14Z

Raffi at 16:03, 7 May 2011

2011-05-07T16:03:58Z

Raffi at 15:50, 7 May 2011

2011-05-07T15:50:38Z

Murali.lalitha at 11:49, 26 January 2010

2010-01-26T11:49:50Z

Raffi at 21:45, 25 January 2010

2010-01-25T21:45:53Z

Murali.lalitha at 15:58, 25 January 2010

2010-01-25T15:58:54Z

Raffi at 09:37, 5 April 2007

2007-04-05T09:37:44Z

Raffi at 09:36, 5 April 2007

2007-04-05T09:36:59Z

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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Artemisia''
| image = Estragon2_1511.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''[[Artemisia dracunculus]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Asterales]]
| familia = [[Asteraceae]]
| genus = '''''Artemisia'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]], [[1753]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision = See text
}}
[[Image:Artemisia abrotanum0.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Artemisia abrotanum]]'' (Southernwood)]]
[[Image:Wormwood.jpg|right|thumb|''[[Artemisia absinthium]]'' (Absinth Wormwood)]]
[[Image:Artemisia-alba.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Artemisia alba]]'']]
[[Image:Artemisia 'Powys Castle'.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Artemisia 'Powys Castle']]'']]
[[Image:Artemisia californica01.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Artemisia californica]]'' (California Sagebrush) leaves]]
[[Image:Artemisia.mauiensis1web.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Artemisia mauiensis]]'' (Maui Wormwood)]]
[[Image:Artemisia pontica0.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Artemisia pontica]]'' (Roman Wormwood)]]
[[Image:Artemisia pycnocephala01.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Artemisia pycnocephala]]'' (Beach Sagewort) flowers]]
[[Image:Image-Wormwood dried.jpg|thumb|right|Dried ''Artemisia absinthium'' (Absinth Wormwood)]]
[[Image:wormwood.png|thumb|right|''[[Artemisia absinthium]]'' (Absinth Wormwood)]]
[[Image:Koeh-165.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Artemisia cina]]'' (Levant Wormseed)]]

'''''Artemisia''''' is a large, diverse [[genus]] of plants with between 200-400 species belonging to the daisy family [[Asteraceae]]. It comprises hardy [[herb]]s and [[shrub]]s known for their volatile [[oil]]s. They grow in temperate climates of the [[Northern Hemisphere]] and [[Southern Hemisphere]], usually in dry or semi-dry habitats. The fern-like [[Leaf|leaves]] of many species are covered with white hairs. Some botanists split the genus into several genera, but DNA analysis (Watson ''et al''. 2002) does not support the maintenance of the genera ''Crossostephium'', ''Filifolium'', ''Neopallasia'', ''Seriphidium'', and ''Sphaeromeria''; three other [[segregate (taxonomy)|segregate]] genera ''[[Stilnolepis]]'', ''[[Elachanthemum]]'', and ''[[Kaschgaria]]'' are maintained by this evidence.

Common names used for several species include [[wormwood]], [[mugwort]], [[sagebrush]] and [[sagewort]], while a few species have unique names, notably [[Tarragon]] ''A. dracunculus'' and [[Southernwood]] ''A. abrotanum''. Occasionally some of the species are called sages, causing confusion with the ''Salvia'' [[Salvia|sage]]s in the family [[Lamiaceae]].

''Artemisia'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of a number of [[Lepidoptera]] species. See [[List of Lepidoptera that feed on Artemisia]].

==Selected species==
* ''[[Artemisia abrotanum]]'' L. – Southernwood, Southern Wormwood, Abrotanum, Lemon Plant
* ''[[Artemisia absinthium]]'' L. – Wormwood, Grand Wormwood, Absinth Wormwood, Absinthium
* ''[[Artemisia adamsii]]'' Besser
* ''[[Artemisia afra]]'' – African Wormwood, African Sagebrush
* ''[[Artemisia alaskana]]'' Rydb. – Alaska Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia alba]]''
* ''[[Artemisia alcockii]]'' Pamp.
* ''[[Artemisia aleutica]]'' Hultén – Aleutian Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia amoena]]'' Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia annua]]'' L. – Annual Wormwood, Sweet Sagewort, Sweet Annie
* ''[[Artemisia araxina]]'' Takht.
* ''[[Artemisia arborescens]]'' - Tree Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia arbuscula]]'' Nutt. – Little Sagebrush, Low Sagebrush, Black Sage
* ''[[Artemisia arctica]]'' Less. – Boreal Sagebrush
* ''[[Artemisia arctisibirica]]'' Korobkov
* ''[[Artemisia arenaria]]'' DC.
* ''[[Artemisia arenicola]]'' Krasch. ex Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia argentea]]'' (Madeira wormwood ?)
* ''[[Artemisia argyi]]'' H.Lév. & Vaniot
* ''[[Artemisia argyrophylla]]'' Ledeb.
* ''[[Artemisia armeniaca]]'' Lam.
* ''[[Artemisia aschurbajewii]]'' C.G.Aro
* ''[[Artemisia australis]]'' Less. – Oahu Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia austriaca]]'' Jacq.
* ''[[Artemisia avarica]]'' Minat.
* ''[[Artemisia badhysi]]'' Krasch. & Lincz. ex Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia bal
chanorum]]'' Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia baldshuanica]]'' Krasch. & Zaprjag.
* ''[[Artemisia bargusinensis]]'' Spreng.
* ''[[Artemisia bejdemaniae]]'' Leonova
* ''[[Artemisia biennis]]'' Willd. – Biennial Sagewort, Biennial Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia bigelovii]]'' Gray – Bigelow Sage, Bigelow Sagebrush
* ''[[Artemisia borealis]]'' Pall.
* ''[[Artemisia borotalensis]]'' Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia bottnica]]'' Lundstr. ex Kindb.
* ''[[Artemisia caespitosa]]'' Ledeb.
* ''[[Artemisia californica]]'' Less. – Coastal Sagebrush, California Sagebrush
* ''[[Artemisia camelorum]]'' Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia campestris]]'' L. – Field Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia cana]]'' Pursh – Silver Sagebrush
* ''[[Artemisia canadensis]]'' – Canada Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia capillaris]]'' Thunb.
* ''[[Artemisia carruthii]]'' Wood ex Carruth. – Carruth Sagewort, Carruth's Sagebrush
* ''[[Artemisia caucasica]]'' Willd.
* ''[[Artemisia chamaemelifolia]]'' Vill.
* ''[[Artemisia cina]]'' O. Berg & C. F. Schmidt – Santonica, Levant Wormseed
* ''[[Artemisia ciniformis]]'' Krasch. & Popov ex Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia coarctata]]'' (???)
* ''[[Artemisia commutata]]'' Besser
* ''[[Artemisia compacta]]'' Fisch. ex DC.
* ''[[Artemisia cuspidata]]'' Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia czukavinae]]'' Filatova
* ''[[Artemisia daghestanica]]'' Krasch. & Poretzky
* ''[[Artemisia demissa]]'' Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia depauperata]]'' Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia deserti]]'' Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia desertorum]]'' Spreng.
* ''[[Artemisia diffusa]]'' Krasch. ex Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia dimoana]]'' Popov
* ''[[Artemisia dolosa]]'' Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia douglasiana]]'' Bess. – Douglas' Mugwort, Douglas' Sagewort
* ''[[Artemisia dracunculus]]'' L. – [[Tarragon]]
* ''[[Artemisia dubia]]'' Wall.
* ''[[Artemisia dubjanskyana]]'' Krasch. ex Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia dumosa]]'' Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia elongata]]'' Filatova & Ladygina
* ''[[Artemisia eremophila]]'' Krasch. & Butkov ex Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia eriantha]]'' Ten.
* ''[[Artemisia feddei]]'' H.Lév. & Vaniot
* ''[[Artemisia fedtschenkoana]]'' Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia ferganensis]]'' Krasch. ex Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia filifolia]]'' Torr. – Sand Sagebrush, Sand Sagebush, Silvery Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia flava]]'' Jurtzev
* ''[[Artemisia franserioides]]'' Greene – Ragweed Sagebrush
* ''[[Artemisia freyniana]]'' (Pamp.) Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia frigida]]'' Willd. – Fringed Sagebrush, Fringed Sagewort, Prairie Sagewort
* ''[[Artemisia fulvella]]'' Filatova & Ladygina
* ''[[Artemisia furcata]]'' Bieb. – Forked Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia galinae]]'' Ikonn.
* ''[[Artemisia glabella]]'' Kar. & Kir.
* ''[[Artemisia glacialis]]'' – Glacier Wormwood, Alpine Mugwort
* ''[[Artemisia glanduligera]]'' Krasch. ex Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia glauca]]'' Pall. ex Willd.
* ''[[Artemisia glaucina]]'' Krasch. ex Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia globosa]]'' Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia globularia]]'' Cham. ex Bess. – Purple Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia glomerata]]'' Ledeb. – Cudweed Sagewort, Pacific Alpine Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia gmelinii]]'' Webb ex Stechmann – Gmelin's Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia gnaphalodes]]'' Nutt.
* ''[[Artemisia gorjaevii]]'' Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia gracilescens]]'' Krasch. & Iljin
* ''[[Artemisia gurganica]]'' (Krasch.) Filatova
* ''[[Artemisia gypsacea]]'' Krasch., Popov & Lincz. ex Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia halodendron]]'' Turcz. ex Besser
* ''[[Artemisia halophila]]'' Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia heptapotamica]]'' Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia hippolyti]]'' Butkov
* ''[[Artemisia hololeuca]]'' M.Bieb. ex Besser
* ''[[Artemisia hulteniana]]'' Vorosch.
* ''[[Artemisia incana]]'' (L.) Druce
* ''[[Artemisia insulana]]'' Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia insularis]]'' Kitam.
* ''[[Artemisia integrifolia]]'' L.
* ''[[Artemisia issykkulensis]]'' Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia jacutica]]'' Drobow
* ''[[Artemisia japonica]]'' Thunb.
* ''[[Artemisia juncea]]'' Kar. & Kir.
* ''[[Artemisia karatavica]]'' Krasch. & Abolin ex Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia karavajevii]]'' Leonova
* ''[[Artemisia kaschgarica]]'' Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia kauaiensis]]'' (Skottsberg) Skottsberg – Kauai Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia keiskeana]]'' Miq.
* ''[[Artemisia kelleri]]'' Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia kemrudica]]'' Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia knorringiana]]'' Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia kochiiformis]]'' Krasch. & Lincz. ex Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia koidzumii]]'' Nakai
* ''[[Artemisia kopetdaghensis]]'' Krasch. ex Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia korovinii]]'' Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia korshinskyi]]'' Krasch. ex Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia krushiana]]'' Bess. – Krush's Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia kulbadica]]'' Boiss. & Buhse
* ''[[Artemisia kuschakewiczii]]'' C.G.A.Winkl.
* ''[[Artemisia laciniata]]'' Willd. – Siberian Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia laciniatiformis]]'' Kom.
* ''[[Artimisia lactiflora]]''
* ''[[Artemisia lagocephala]]'' (Besser) DC.
* ''[[Artemisia lagopus]]'' Fisch. ex Besser
* ''[[Artemisia latifolia]]'' Ledeb.
* ''[[Artemisia ledebouriana]]'' Besser
* ''[[Artemisia lehmanniana]]'' Bunge
* ''[[Artemisia leontopodioides]]'' Fisch. ex Besser
* ''[[Artemisia lessingiana]]'' Besser
* ''[[Artemisia leucodes]]'' Schrenk
* ''[[Artemisia leucophylla]]'' (Turcz. ex Besser) Pamp.
* ''[[Artemisia leucotricha]]'' Krasch. ex Ladygina
* ''[[Artemisia lindleyana]]'' Bess. – Columbia River Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia lipskyi]]'' Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia littoricola]]'' Kitam.
* ''[[Artemisia longifolia]]'' Nutt. – Longleaf Sagebrush, Longleaf Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia ludoviciana]]'' Nutt. – Gray Sagewort, Prairie Sage, White Sagebrush
* ''[[Artemisia macilenta]]'' (Maxim.) Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia macrantha]]'' Ledeb.
* ''[[Artemisia macrobotrys]]'' Ledeb. – Yukon Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia macrocephala]]'' Jacq. ex Besser
* ''[[Artemisia macrorhiza]]'' Turcz.
* ''[[Artemisia maracandica]]'' Bunge
* ''[[Artemisia maritima]]'' L. – Sea Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia marschalliana]]'' Spreng.
* ''[[Artemisia martjanovii]]'' Krasch. ex Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia mauiensis]]'' (Gray) Skottsberg – Maui Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia maximovicziana]]'' Krasch. ex Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia medioxima]]'' Krasch. ex Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia messerschmidtiana]]'' Besser
* ''[[Artemisia michauxiana]]'' Bess. – Michaux Sagebrush, Michaux's Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia mogoltavica]]'' Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia mongolica]]'' (Besser) Fisch. ex Nakai
* ''[[Artemisia mongolorum]]'' Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia montana]]'' (Nakai) Pamp.
* ''[[Artemisia mucronulata]]'' Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia multisecta]]'' Leonova
* ''[[Artemisia namanganica]]'' Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia nesiotica]]'' Raven – Island Sagebrush
* ''[[Artemisia nigricans]]'' Filatova & Ladygina
* ''[[Artemisia norvegica]]'' Fries – Norwegian Mugwort
* ''[[Artemisia nova]]'' A. Nels. – Black Sagebrush
* ''[[Artemisia obscur]]a'' Pamp.
* ''[[Artemisia obtusiloba]]'' Ledeb.
* ''[[Artemisia oelandica]]'' (Besser) Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia olchonensis]]'' Leonova
* ''[[Artemisia oliveriana]]'' J. Gay ex Besser
* ''[[Artemisia opulenta]]'' Pamp.
* ''[[Artemisia packardiae]]'' J. Grimes & Ertter – Packard's Wormwood, Succor Creek Sagebrush
* ''[[Artemisia pallasiana]]'' Fisch. ex Besser
* ''[[Artemisia palmeri]]'' Gray – San Diego Sagewort
* ''[[Artemisia palustris]]'' L.
* ''[[Artemisia pannosa]]'' Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia papposa]]'' Blake & Cronq. – Owyhee Sage, Owyhee Sagebrush
* ''[[Artemisia parryi]]'' Gray – Parry's Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia pattersonii]]'' Gray – Patterson's Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia pectinata]]'' Pall.
* ''[[Artemisia pedatifida]]'' Nutt. – Birdfoot Sagebrush
* ''[[Artemisia pedemontana]]'' Balb.
* ''[[Artemisia persica]]'' Boiss.
* ''[[Artemisia pewzowii]]'' C.G.A.Winkl.
* ''[[Artemisia phaeolepis]]'' Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia polysticha]]'' Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia pontica]]'' L. – Roman Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia porrecta]]'' Krasch. ex Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia porteri]]'' Cronq. – Porter's Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia prasina]]'' Krasch. ex Poljak.
* ''[[Artemisia proceriformis]]'' Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia prolixa]]'' Krasch. ex Poljak.
* ''[[Artemisia punctigera]]'' Krasch. ex Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia purshiana]]'' Besser
* ''[[Artemisia pycnocephala]]'' (Less.) DC. – Beach Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia pycnorhiza]]'' Ledeb.
* ''[[Artemisia pygmaea]]'' Gray – Pygmy Sagebrush
* ''[[Artemisia quinqueloba]]'' Trautv.
* ''[[Artemisia remotiloba]]'' Krasch. ex Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia rhodantha]]'' Rupr.
* ''[[Artemisia rigida]]'' (Nutt.) Gray – Scabland Sagebrush
* ''[[Artemisia rothrockii]]'' Gray – Timberline Sagebrush
* ''[[Artemisia rubripes]]'' Nakai
* ''[[Artemisia rupestris]]'' L. – Rock Wormwood, Alpine Yarrow
* ''[[Artemisia rutifolia]]'' Stephan ex Spreng.
* ''[[Artemisia saissanica]]'' (Krasch.) Filatova
* ''[[Artemisia saitoana]]'' Kitam.
* ''[[Artemisia salsoloides]]'' Willd.
* ''[[Artemisia samoiedorum]]'' Pamp.
* ''[[Artemisia santolina]]'' Schrenk
* ''[[Artemisia santolinifolia]]'' Turcz. ex Besser
* ''[[Artemisia santonica]]'' L.
* ''[[Artemisia saposhnikovii]]'' Krasch. ex Poljak.
* ''[[Artemisia schischkinii]]'' Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia schmidtiana]]'' – Satiny Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia schrenkiana]]'' Ledeb.
* ''[[Artemisia scoparia]]'' Waldst. & Kit. – Redstem Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia scopiformis]]'' Ledeb.
* ''[[Artemisia scopulorum]]'' Gray – Alpine Sagebrush, Dwarf Sagebrush
* ''[[Artemisia scotina]]'' Nevski
* ''[[Artemisia senjavinensis]]'' Bess. – Arctic Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia selengensis]]'' Turcz. ex Besser
* ''[[Artemisia semiarida]]'' (Krasch. & Lavrenko) Filatova
* ''[[Artemisia senjavinensis]]'' Besser
* ''[[Artemisia sericea]]'' Weber ex Stechm.
* ''[[Artemisia serotina]]'' Bunge
* ''[[Artemisia serrata]]'' Nutt. – Sawtooth Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia spinescens]]'' (syn. ''Picrothamnus desertorum'') – Bud Brush, Bud Sage
* ''[[Artemisia sieversiana]]'' Willd.
* ''[[Artemisia skorniakowii]]'' C.G.A.Winkl.
* ''[[Artemisia sogdiana]]'' Bunge
* ''[[Artemisia songarica]]'' Schrenk
* ''[[Artemisia spicigera]]'' K.Koch
* ''[[Artemisia splendens]]'' Willd.
* ''[[Artemisia stelleriana]]'' Bess. – Hoary Mugwort
* ''[[Artemisia stenocephala]]'' Krasch. ex Poljak.
* ''[[Artemisia stenophylla]]'' Kitam.
* ''[[Artemisia stolonifera]]'' (Maxim.) Kom.
* ''[[Artemisia subarctica]]'' Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia subchrysolepis]]'' Filatova
* ''[[Artemisia sublessingiana]]'' Krasch. ex Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia subsalsa]]'' Filatova
* ''[[Artemisia subviscosa]]'' Turcz. ex Besser
* ''[[Artemisia succulenta]]'' Ledeb.
* ''[[Artemisia suksdorfii]]'' Piper – Coastal Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia sylvatica]]'' Maxim.
* ''[[Artemisia szowitziana]]'' (Besser) Grossh.
* ''[[Artemisia tanacetifolia]]'' L.
* ''[[Artemisia taurica]]'' Willd.
* ''[[Artemisia tenuisecta]]'' Nevski
* ''[[Artemisia terrae-albae]]'' Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia tianschanica]]'' Krasch. ex Poljak.
* ''[[Artemisia tilesii]]'' Ledeb. – Tilesius' Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia tomentella]]'' Trautv.
* ''[[Artemisia tournefortiana]]'' Rchb.
* ''[[Artemisia transbaicalensis]]'' Leonova
* ''[[Artemisia transiliensis]]'' Poljakov
* ''[[Artemisia trautvetteriana]]'' Besser
* ''[[Artemisia tridentata]]'' Nutt. – Big Sagebrush, Blue Sage, Black Sage, Basin Sagebrush
* ''[[Artemisia triniana]]'' Besser
* ''[[Artemisia tripartita]]'' Rydb. – Threetip Sagebrush
* ''[[Artemisia turanica]]'' Krasch.
* ''[[Artemisia turcomanica]]'' Gand.
* ''[[Artemisia umbelliformis]]'' Lam. – Alps Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia unalaskensis]]'' Rydb.
* ''[[Artemisia vachanica]]'' Krasch. ex Poljak.
* ''[[Artemisia valida]]'' Krasch. ex Poljak.
* ''[[Artemisia verlotiorum]]'' Lamotte – Chinese Wormwood
* ''[[Artemisia viridis]]'' Willd.
* ''[[Artemisia vulgaris]]'' L. – Mugwort

== Cultivation and uses ==
The aromatic leaves of many species of ''Artemisia'' are medicinal, and some are used for flavouring. Most species have an extremely bitter taste. ''A. dracunculus'' ([[Tarragon]]) is widely used as a herb, particularly important in [[French cuisine]].

''[[Artemisia absinthium]]'' (Absinth Wormwood) was used to repel [[flea]]s and [[moth]]s, and in [[brewing]] (wormwood beer, wormwood wine). The aperitif ''[[vermouth]]'' (derived from the [[German language|German]] word ''Wermut'', "wormwood") is a wine flavored with aromatic herbs, but originally with wormwood. The highly poten
t spirit [[absinthe]], also contains wormwood. Wormwood has been used medicinally as a [[tonic]], [[stomachic]], [[antipyretic|febrifuge]] and [[anthelmintic]].

''Artemisia arborescens'' (Tree Wormwood, or ''Sheeba'' in [[Arabic language|Arabic]]) is a very bitter herb indigenous to the [[Middle East]] that is used in tea, usually with [[mint]]. It may have some hallucinogenic properties.

Within such religious practicies as [[Wicca]], both [[Artemisia absinthium|Wormwood]] and [[Artemisia vulgaris|Mugwort]] are believed to have multiple effects on the psychic abilities of the practitioner. Because of the power believed to be inherent in certain herbs of the genus ''Artemisia'', many believers cultivate the plants in a "moon garden".

The beliefs surrounding this genus are founded upon the strong association between the herbs of the genus ''Artemisia'' and the moon goddess [[Artemis]], who is believed to hold these powers. She is known also by [[Diana]], [[Selene]], and [[Pheobe]]. In [[Hellenistic culture]], [[Artemis]] was a goddess of the hunt, and protector of the forest and children.

A few species are grown as [[ornamental plant]]s, the fine-textured ones used for clipped bordering. All grow best in free-draining sandy soil, unfertilized, and in full sun.

== Associations in human culture ==

The bitterness of the plant led to its use by [[wet-nurse]]s for [[weaning]] infants from the breast, as in this speech by [[Shakespeare]] from ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' Act I, Scene 3:

:Nurse: ...
::And she [Juliet] was wean'd, – I never shall forget it, –
::Of all the days of the year, upon that day:
::For I had then laid wormwood to my dug,
::...

Shakespeare also refers to wormwood in [[Hamlet]].

"As bitter as wormwood" is also a common expression.

Wormwood (''Apsinthos'' in the Greek text) is the "name of the star" in the [[Book of Revelation]] (8:11) (''kai to onoma tou asteros legetai ho Apsinthos'') that [[John the Evangelist]] envisions as cast by the angel and falling into the waters, making them undrinkably bitter. Outside the Book of Revelation, there are up to eight further references in the [[Bible]] showing that wormwood was a common herb of the area and its awful taste was known, as a drinkable preparation applied for specific reasons.

The word [[Chernobyl]] properly refers to ''Artemisia vulgaris'' (Mugwort). Some authors claim the Chernobyl Disaster relates to the above sense of "Apsinthos", which is probably ''A. absinthum'' (Absinth Wormwood; see [[Chernobyl#Name origin|Chernobyl: Name origin]]).

''Wormwood'' is a junior devil in ''[[The Screwtape Letters]]'', a novel by [[C. S. Lewis]] on human temptation. ''Miss Wormwood'' is the name of Calvin's teacher in ''[[Calvin and Hobbes]]'', a former daily comic strip by [[Bill Watterson]]. This character is [[fictional crossover|named after]] the ''Screwtape Letters'' character.

In Russian culture, the fact that Artemisia species are commonly used in medicine, and their bitter taste is associated with medicinal effects, has caused wormwood to be seen as a symbol for a "bitter truth" that must be accepted by a deluded (often self-deluded) person. This symbol has acquired a particular poignancy in modern Russian poetry, which often deals with the loss of illusory beliefs in various ideologies.

Artemisinin (from Chinese wormwood) is the active ingredient in the anti-malarial combination therapy 'Coartem', produced by Novartis and the WHO.

==References and external links==

*{{cite journal | quotes=no|author=Watson, L. E. et al.|year=2002|title= Molecular phylogeny of subtribe Artemisiinae (Asteraceae), including Artemisia and its allied and segregate genera|journal= BioMed Central Evolutionary Biology|volume= 2|issue= 17}} Available [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/2/17 online].
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?997 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Artemisia'']
*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Artemisia&SPECIES_XREF=&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK=species Flora E
uropaea: ''Artemisia'']
*Flora of China: [http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=3&start_taxon_id=102682 ''Artemisia'' species list] and [http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=3&start_taxon_id=130166 ''Seriphidium'' species list]
*Flora of Pakistan: [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=102682 ''Artemisia''] and [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=130166 ''Seriphidium'' species list]
*Pagan Path: [http://www.paganpath.com/artmoongarden.html]

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 |image_caption=Artemisia absinthum
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 '''''Artemisia''''' is a large, diverse [[genus]] of plants with between 200-400 species belonging to the daisy family [[Asteraceae]]. It comprises hardy [[herb]]s and [[shrub]]s known for their volatile [[oil]]s. They grow in temperate climates of the [[Northern Hemisphere]] and [[Southern Hemisphere]], usually in dry or semi-dry habitats. The fern-like [[Leaf|leaves]] of many species are covered with white hairs. Some botanists split the genus into several genera, but DNA analysis (Watson ''et al''. 2002) does not support the maintenance of the genera ''Crossostephium'', ''Filifolium'', ''Neopallasia'', ''Seriphidium'', and ''Sphaeromeria''; three other [[segregate (taxonomy)|segregate]] genera ''[[Stilnolepis]]'', ''[[Elachanthemum]]'', and ''[[Kaschgaria]]'' are maintained by this evidence.

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 |habit_ref=Complete Landscaping - ISBN 9780376009272
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 |genus=Artemisia
 |taxo_author=L.
 |Temp Metric=°F
-|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
+|min_zone=4
 |image=Wormwood shoots.jpg
 |image_width=240

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:49, 26 January 2010
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	In the West, many of the species, particularly A. tridentata, are known as sage brush. Grown for their medicinal properties or for foliage effects. The drug product of the artemisias is large. A. Absinthium is the chief source of absinthe; A. Barrelieri, Bess., of Spain, is said to be used in the preparation of Algerian absinthe; A. Cina, Berger, of the Orient, is the source of santonica. The garden kinds are perennials and thrive in the most ordinary conditions, even in poor and dry soil. Propagation is mostly by division.		In the West, many of the species, particularly A. tridentata, are known as sage brush. Grown for their medicinal properties or for foliage effects. The drug product of the artemisias is large. A. Absinthium is the chief source of absinthe; A. Barrelieri, Bess., of Spain, is said to be used in the preparation of Algerian absinthe; A. Cina, Berger, of the Orient, is the source of santonica. The garden kinds are perennials and thrive in the most ordinary conditions, even in poor and dry soil. Propagation is mostly by division.
		+
		+	A. Baumgartenii, Bees. Compact, shrub-like, with small Lvs. and yellow fls. standing erect above the lvs. S. Eu.—A. lanata, Willd (A. pedemontana, Balbis). Low cesspitose plant with finely cut, silvery foliage for which it is chiefly grown. Spain.
	}}		}}

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 {{SPlantbox
 |genus=Artemisia
 |Temp Metric=°F
 |jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
-|image=Upload.png
+|image=Wormwood shoots.jpg
 |image_width=240
 }}
 {{Inc|
 Artemisia (Artemisia, wife of Mausolus). Compositae. Wormwood. A large genus of aromatic and bitter herbs and small shrubs, mostly in the northern hemisphere, and most abundant in arid regions.
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 In the West, many of the species, particularly A. tridentata, are known as sage brush. Grown for their medicinal properties or for foliage effects. The drug product of the artemisias is large. A. Absinthium is the chief source of absinthe; A. Barrelieri, Bess., of Spain, is said to be used in the preparation of Algerian absinthe; A. Cina, Berger, of the Orient, is the source of santonica. The garden kinds are perennials and thrive in the most ordinary conditions, even in poor and dry soil. Propagation is mostly by division.
 }}
-{{Taxobox
+==Species==
 [[Image:Artemisia abrotanum0.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Artemisia abrotanum]]'' (Southernwood)]]
 [[Image:Wormwood.jpg|right|thumb|''[[Artemisia absinthium]]'' (Absinth Wormwood)]]
@@ Line 41: / Line 42: @@
 [[Image:wormwood.png|thumb|right|''[[Artemisia absinthium]]'' (Absinth Wormwood)]]
 [[Image:Koeh-165.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Artemisia cina]]'' (Levant Wormseed)]]
+Selected species{{wp}}:
 * ''[[Artemisia abrotanum]]'' L. – Southernwood, Southern Wormwood, Abrotanum, Lemon Plant
 * ''[[Artemisia absinthium]]'' L. – Wormwood, Grand Wormwood, Absinth Wormwood, Absinthium
@@ Line 321: / Line 315: @@
 * ''[[Artemisia vulgaris]]'' L. – Mugwort
-== Cultivation and uses ==
+<gallery perrow=5>
-The aromatic leaves of many species of ''Artemisia'' are medicinal, and some are used for flavouring. Most species have an extremely bitter taste. ''A. dracunculus'' ([[Tarragon]]) is widely used as a herb, particularly important in [[French cuisine]].
+Image:Upload.png| photo 1
+Image:Upload.png| photo 2
-''[[Artemisia absinthium]]'' (Absinth Wormwood) was used to repel [[flea]]s and [[moth]]s, and in [[brewing]] (wormwood beer, wormwood wine). The aperitif ''[[vermouth]]'' (derived from the [[German language|German]] word ''Wermut'', &quot;wormwood&quot;) is a wine flavored with aromatic herbs, but originally with wormwood. The highly poten
+Image:Upload.png| photo 3
-t spirit [[absinthe]], also contains wormwood. Wormwood has been used medicinally as a [[tonic]], [[stomachic]], [[antipyretic|febrifuge]] and [[anthelmintic]].
+</gallery>
-==References and external links==
+==References==
-*{{cite journal | quotes=no|author=Watson, L. E. et al.|year=2002|title= Molecular phylogeny of subtribe Artemisiinae (Asteraceae), including Artemisia and its allied and segregate genera|journal= BioMed Central Evolutionary Biology|volume= 2|issue= 17}} Available [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/2/17 online].
+==External links==
-*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?997 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Artemisia'']
+*{{wplink}}
-[[Category:Artemisia| ]]
+{{stub}}
-[[Category:Abortifacients]]
+__NOTOC__

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 {{Taxobox
 | color = lightgreen
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 The aromatic leaves of many species of ''Artemisia'' are medicinal, and some are used for flavouring. Most species have an extremely bitter taste. ''A. dracunculus'' ([[Tarragon]]) is widely used as a herb, particularly important in [[French cuisine]].
-''[[Artemisia absinthium]]'' (Absinth Wormwood) was used to repel [[flea]]s and [[moth]]s, and in [[brewing]] (wormwood beer, wormwood wine). The aperitif ''[[vermouth]]'' (derived from the [[German language|German]] word ''Wermut'', "wormwood") is a wine flavored with aromatic herbs, but originally with wormwood. The highly poten
+''[[Artemisia absinthium]]'' (Absinth Wormwood) was used to repel [[flea]]s and [[moth]]s, and in [[brewing]] (wormwood beer, wormwood wine). The aperitif ''[[vermouth]]'' (derived from the [[German language|German]] word ''Wermut'', &quot;wormwood&quot;) is a wine flavored with aromatic herbs, but originally with wormwood. The highly poten
 t spirit [[absinthe]], also contains wormwood. Wormwood has been used medicinally as a [[tonic]], [[stomachic]], [[antipyretic|febrifuge]] and [[anthelmintic]].
 ''Artemisia arborescens'' (Tree Wormwood, or ''Sheeba'' in [[Arabic language|Arabic]]) is a very bitter herb indigenous to the [[Middle East]] that is used in tea, usually with [[mint]]. It may have some hallucinogenic properties.
-Within such religious practicies as [[Wicca]], both [[Artemisia absinthium|Wormwood]] and [[Artemisia vulgaris|Mugwort]] are believed to have multiple effects on the psychic abilities of the practitioner. Because of the power believed to be inherent in certain herbs of the genus ''Artemisia'', many believers cultivate the plants in a "moon garden".
+Within such religious practicies as [[Wicca]], both [[Artemisia absinthium|Wormwood]] and [[Artemisia vulgaris|Mugwort]] are believed to have multiple effects on the psychic abilities of the practitioner. Because of the power believed to be inherent in certain herbs of the genus ''Artemisia'', many believers cultivate the plants in a &quot;moon garden&quot;.
 The beliefs surrounding this genus are founded upon the strong association between the herbs of the genus ''Artemisia'' and the moon goddess [[Artemis]], who is believed to hold these powers. She is known also by [[Diana]], [[Selene]], and [[Pheobe]]. In [[Hellenistic culture]], [[Artemis]] was a goddess of the hunt, and protector of the forest and children.
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 :Nurse: ...
-::And she [Juliet] was wean'd, &ndash; I never shall forget it, &ndash;
+::And she [Juliet] was wean'd, – I never shall forget it, –
 ::Of all the days of the year, upon that day:
 ::For I had then laid wormwood to my dug,
@@ Line 333: / Line 348: @@
 Shakespeare also refers to wormwood in [[Hamlet]].
-"As bitter as wormwood" is also a common expression.
+&quot;As bitter as wormwood&quot; is also a common expression.
-Wormwood (''Apsinthos'' in the Greek text) is the "name of the star" in the [[Book of Revelation]] (8:11) (''kai to onoma tou asteros legetai ho Apsinthos'') that [[John the Evangelist]] envisions as cast by the angel and falling into the waters, making them undrinkably bitter. Outside the Book of Revelation, there are up to eight further references in the [[Bible]] showing that wormwood was a common herb of the area and its awful taste was known, as a drinkable preparation applied for specific reasons.
+Wormwood (''Apsinthos'' in the Greek text) is the &quot;name of the star&quot; in the [[Book of Revelation]] (8:11) (''kai to onoma tou asteros legetai ho Apsinthos'') that [[John the Evangelist]] envisions as cast by the angel and falling into the waters, making them undrinkably bitter. Outside the Book of Revelation, there are up to eight further references in the [[Bible]] showing that wormwood was a common herb of the area and its awful taste was known, as a drinkable preparation applied for specific reasons.
-The word [[Chernobyl]] properly refers to ''Artemisia vulgaris'' (Mugwort). Some authors claim the Chernobyl Disaster relates to the above sense of "Apsinthos", which is probably ''A. absinthum'' (Absinth Wormwood; see [[Chernobyl#Name origin|Chernobyl: Name origin]]).
+The word [[Chernobyl]] properly refers to ''Artemisia vulgaris'' (Mugwort). Some authors claim the Chernobyl Disaster relates to the above sense of &quot;Apsinthos&quot;, which is probably ''A. absinthum'' (Absinth Wormwood; see [[Chernobyl#Name origin|Chernobyl: Name origin]]).
 ''Wormwood'' is a junior devil in ''[[The Screwtape Letters]]'', a novel by [[C. S. Lewis]] on human temptation. ''Miss Wormwood'' is the name of Calvin's teacher in ''[[Calvin and Hobbes]]'', a former daily comic strip by [[Bill Watterson]]. This character is [[fictional crossover|named after]] the ''Screwtape Letters'' character.
-In Russian culture, the fact that Artemisia species are commonly used in medicine, and their bitter taste is associated with medicinal effects, has caused wormwood to be seen as a symbol for a "bitter truth" that must be accepted by a deluded (often self-deluded) person.  This symbol has acquired a particular poignancy in modern Russian poetry, which often deals with the loss of illusory beliefs in various ideologies.
+In Russian culture, the fact that Artemisia species are commonly used in medicine, and their bitter taste is associated with medicinal effects, has caused wormwood to be seen as a symbol for a &quot;bitter truth&quot; that must be accepted by a deluded (often self-deluded) person.  This symbol has acquired a particular poignancy in modern Russian poetry, which often deals with the loss of illusory beliefs in various ideologies.
 Artemisinin (from Chinese wormwood) is  the active ingredient in the anti-malarial combination therapy 'Coartem', produced by Novartis and the WHO.

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 * ''[[Artemisia avarica]]'' Minat.
 * ''[[Artemisia badhysi]]'' Krasch. & Lincz. ex Poljakov
-* ''[[Artemisia bal
+* ''[[Artemisia balchanorum]]'' Krasch.
 * ''[[Artemisia baldshuanica]]'' Krasch. & Zaprjag.
 * ''[[Artemisia bargusinensis]]'' Spreng.