Artocarpus - Revision history

Raffi at 01:51, 28 January 2010

2010-01-28T01:51:47Z

Murali.lalitha at 13:24, 26 January 2010

2010-01-26T13:24:45Z

Envoy at 04:46, 21 September 2007

2007-09-21T04:46:43Z

New page

{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Artocarpus''
| image = Artocarpus.altilis1web.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = Breadfruit (''Artocarpus communis'')
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Rosales]]
| familia = [[Moraceae]]
| genus = '''''Artocarpus'''''
| genus_authority = [[Johann Reinhold Forster|J.R.Forster]] & [[Georg Forster|G.Forster]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
<center>''See text''</center>
}}

'''''Artocarpus''''' is a [[genus]] of about 60 trees of Southeast [[Asia]]n origin and the Pacific, belonging to the mulberry family [[Moraceae]].

This genus is closely related to and rather difficult to distinguish from the genus ''Ficus''.

They are all laticiferous [[tree]]s and a few [[shrub]]s, of which the leaves, the twigs and the stem can produce a milky sap.

The trees are [[Plant sexuality|monoecious]], with unisexual [[flower]]s, with both sexes on the same plant. The small, greenish, female flowers grow on short, fleshy spikes. After pollination they grow into a syncarpous [[fruit]], which can become very large. The ovary is superior. The stipulated [[Leaf|leaves]] vary from small and entire (''Artocarpus integer'') to large and lobed (''Artocarpus communis''). The cordate leaves of ''Artocarpus communis'' end in a long, sharp tip.

Several [[species]] in the genus bear edible fruit and are commonly cultivated: ''Artocarpus communis'' ([[Breadfruit]]), ''Artocarpus integer'' ([[Cempedak]]), ''Artocarpus heterophyllus'' ([[Jackfruit]]) and ''Artocarpus odoratissimus'' (Marang). In the most recent revision of ''Artocarpus'', the highly variable species ''Artocarpus communis'' contains the following three species of breadfruit : ''Artocarpus altilis'', ''Artocarpus mariannensis'' and ''Artocarpus camansi''.

The name 'Artocarpus' is derived from the Greek words 'artos' ( = bread) and 'karpos' ( = fruit). This name was established by [[Johann Reinhold Forster]] and [[Georg Forster|J. Georg Adam Forster]], the father and son team of botanist aboard the HMS ''Resolution'' on [[James Cook]]'s second voyage.

Breadfruit and jackfruit are cultivated widely in the tropical SE Asia. Other species are cultivated locally for their timber, fruit or edible seeds.

==Species==
Recent phylogenetic research, based on leaf arrangement, leaf anatomical characters and stipules, indicates that there are at least two subgenera in ''Artocarpus'' :
*subgenus ''Artocarpus'' : perianth of fruit is partially connate
*subgenus ''Pseudojaca'' : perianth entirely connate.
The genus ''Prainea'' is closely allied to the subgenus ''Pseudojaca'', and some researchers treat it as a third subgenus of ''Artocarpus''. The following list still follows the traditional line.

[[Image:Artocarpus.odoratissimus1we.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Marang (''Artocarpus odoratissimus'')]]
*''Artocarpus altilis'' - (included in ''A. communis'')
*''Artocarpus camansi'' - (included in ''A. communis'')
*''Artocarpus communis'' - [[Breadfruit]], Antipolo, Camansi, Anubing; see also [[African Breadfruit]])
*''Artocarpus elasticus'' - Bendo
*''Artocarpus heterophyllus'' - Nangka, [[Jackfruit]]
*''Artocarpus hirsutus'' - Angily, Angelin, Hirsute Artocarpus
*''Artocarpus integer'' - [[Cempedak]]
*''Artocarpus lingnanensis''
*''Artocarpus mariannensis'' - (included in ''A. communis'')
*''Artocarpus nitidus'' - Jackfruit
*''Artocarpus odoratissimus'' - [[Marang]]
*''Artocarpus rigidus'' - Monkey Jack
*''Artocarpus tamaran''

==References==
{{commons|Artocarpus}}
{{wikispecies|Artocarpus}}
*[http://www.botany2002.org/section12/abstracts/202.shtml Possible subgenera of Artocarpus]
*Nyree Conrad Zerega- Dissertation Topic : Phylogeny of the genus Artocarpus (Moraceae), with a focus on the systematics, genetics, conservation, and biogeography of breadfruit
*Zerega, NJC and TJ Motley. 2001. Artocarpus (Moraceae) molecular phylogeny and the systematics and origins of breadfruit, Artocarpus altilis. Presented at the Botanical Society of America annual meeting, Albuquerque, NM, August 12 – 16, 2001.

[[Category:Artocarpus]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:24, 26 January 2010
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		+	{{SPlantbox
		+	\|genus=Artocarpus
		+	\|Temp Metric=°F
		+	\|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
		+	\|image=Upload.png
		+	\|image_width=240
		+	}}
		+	{{Inc\|
		+	Artocarpus (arlos, bread, and carpos, fruit). Moraceae. Bread-fruit. Milky-juiced tropical trees, some of them yielding edible fruits, ornamental in foliage.
		+
		+	Leaves alternate, large, thick, entire or pinnate: dioecious; staminate fls. on long spikes, the sepals and stamens 2; pistillate fls. in globular heads, with simple 1-ovuled ovary and bifid stigma: fr. a large fleshy mass or syncarp, formed of the aggregated fls.—A genus of 40 species containing many tropical fr. plants, originally from the E. Indies, sometimes cult. with difficulty in northern botanic gardens for their great economic interest, and throughout the world in the tropics. They need a hot, moist atmosphere, much water, and perfect drainage. Prop, slowly by cuttings of young lateral growth. Bread-fruit seeds are boiled and eaten.
		+	}}
		+
	{{Taxobox		{{Taxobox
	\| color = lightgreen		\| color = lightgreen

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{SPlantbox
 |genus=Artocarpus
 |Temp Metric=°F
 |jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
-|image=Upload.png
+|image=Artocarpus.altilis1web.jpg
-|image_width=240
+|image_width=180
 }}
 {{Inc|
 Artocarpus (arlos, bread, and carpos, fruit). Moraceae. Bread-fruit. Milky-juiced tropical trees, some of them yielding edible fruits, ornamental in foliage.
@@ Line 12: / Line 22: @@
 }}
-{{Taxobox
+==Cultivation==
-They are all laticiferous [[tree]]s and a few [[shrub]]s, of which the leaves, the twigs and the stem can produce a milky sap.
+===Propagation===
-Several [[species]] in the genus bear edible fruit and are commonly cultivated: ''Artocarpus communis'' ([[Breadfruit]]), ''Artocarpus integer'' ([[Cempedak]]), ''Artocarpus heterophyllus'' ([[Jackfruit]]) and ''Artocarpus odoratissimus'' (Marang). In the most recent revision of ''Artocarpus'', the highly variable species ''Artocarpus communis'' contains the following three species of breadfruit : ''Artocarpus altilis'', ''Artocarpus mariannensis'' and ''Artocarpus camansi''.
+===Pests and diseases===
 ==Species==
 Recent phylogenetic research, based on leaf arrangement, leaf anatomical characters and stipules,  indicates that there are at least two subgenera in ''Artocarpus'' :
-*subgenus ''Artocarpus'' : perianth of fruit is partially connate
+*subgenus ''Artocarpus'' : perianth of fruit is partially [[connate]]
 *subgenus ''Pseudojaca'' : perianth entirely connate.
 The genus ''Prainea'' is closely allied to the subgenus ''Pseudojaca'', and some researchers treat it as a third subgenus of ''Artocarpus''. The following list still follows the traditional line.
-[[Image:Artocarpus.odoratissimus1we.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Marang (''Artocarpus odoratissimus'')]]
+[[Image:Artocarpus.odoratissimus1we.jpg|thumb|250px|Marang (''Artocarpus odoratissimus'')]]
 *''Artocarpus altilis'' - (included in ''A. communis'')
 *''Artocarpus camansi'' - (included in ''A. communis'')
 *''Artocarpus communis'' - [[Breadfruit]], Antipolo, Camansi, Anubing; see also [[African Breadfruit]])
 *''Artocarpus elasticus'' - Bendo
-*''Artocarpus heterophyllus'' - Nangka, [[Jackfruit]]
+*''[[Artocarpus heterophyllus]]'' - Nangka, [[Jackfruit]]
-*''Artocarpus hirsutus'' - Angily, Angelin, Hirsute Artocarpus
+*''[[Artocarpus hirsutus]]'' - Angily, Angelin, Hirsute Artocarpus
-*''Artocarpus integer'' - [[Cempedak]]
+*''[[Artocarpus hypargyreus]]''
 *''Artocarpus lingnanensis''
 *''Artocarpus mariannensis'' - (included in ''A. communis'')
 *''Artocarpus nitidus'' - Jackfruit
-*''Artocarpus odoratissimus'' - [[Marang]]
+*''[[Artocarpus nobilis]]''
 *''Artocarpus rigidus'' - Monkey Jack
 *''Artocarpus tamaran''
 ==References==
-{{commons|Artocarpus}}
+<references/>
-{{wikispecies|Artocarpus}}
+*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
-*[http://www.botany2002.org/section12/abstracts/202.shtml Possible subgenera of Artocarpus]
+<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
-*Nyree Conrad Zerega- Dissertation Topic : Phylogeny of the genus Artocarpus (Moraceae), with a focus on the systematics, genetics, conservation, and biogeography of breadfruit
+<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
-*Zerega, NJC and TJ Motley. 2001. Artocarpus (Moraceae) molecular phylogeny and the systematics and origins of breadfruit, Artocarpus altilis. Presented at the Botanical Society of America annual meeting, Albuquerque, NM, August 12 – 16, 2001.
+<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
-[[Category:Artocarpus]]
+{{stub}}