Caprifoliaceae - Revision history

Raffi at 17:53, 19 May 2009

2009-05-19T17:53:17Z

Irenet at 10:53, 18 May 2009

2009-05-18T10:53:22Z

Envoy at 16:28, 13 October 2007

2007-10-13T16:28:57Z

New page

{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Caprifoliaceae
| image = honeysuckle_w_y.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''Lonicera japonica''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Dipsacales]]
| familia = '''Caprifoliaceae'''
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
See text.
}}

The '''Caprifoliaceae''' or '''honeysuckle family''' is a [[clade]] consisting of about 800 [[dicotyledon]]ous [[flowering plant]]s, with a nearly [[cosmopolitan distribution]]; centres of diversity are found in eastern [[North America]] and eastern [[Asia]], while they are absent in tropical and southern [[Africa]].

They are mostly [[shrub]]s and [[vine]]s, rarely herbs, including some ornamental garden plants in temperate regions. The [[leaf|leaves]] are mostly opposite with no stipules (= appendage at the base of a leafstalk or [[leaf |petiole]]), and may be either [[evergreen]] or [[deciduous]]. The [[flower]]s are tubular funnel-shaped or bell-like, usually with five outward spreading lobes or points, and are often fragrant. They usually form a small calyx with small bracts. The [[fruit]] is in most cases a [[berry]] or a [[drupe]]. The genera, ''Diervilla'' and ''Weigela'', have [[Capsule (fruit)|capsular]] fruit.

==Taxonomy==
(with approximate numbers of species).

Much of the debate over the taxonomy of this group has been settled. Two of the most familiar members of the family, the [[elderberry|elder]] and the [[viburnum]], have been moved into [[Adoxaceae]], along with some other genera.

The evolutionary taxonomy of this group includes

'''Diervilleae'''
*''[[Diervilla]]'' (Bush Honeysuckle): 3 species
*''[[Weigela]]'': 10 species.
'''Heptacodium'''
*''[[Heptacodium]]'' (Seven-son Flower): 1 species
'''Caprifolieae'''
*''[[Leycesteria]]'': 6 species
*''[[Lonicera]]'' (Honeysuckle): 180 species
*''[[Symphoricarpos]]'' (Snowberry): 17 species
*''[[Triosteum]]'' (Horsegentian): 6 species
'''Linnaeaceae'''
*''[[Abelia]] '': 30 species
*''[[Dipelta]]'': 4 species
*''[[Kolkwitzia]]'' (Beautybush): 1 species
*''[[Linnaea]]'' : (Twinflower) : 1 species
'''Morinaceae'''
*''[[Cryptothladia]] ''
*''[[Morina]]''
'''Dipsacaceae'''
*''[[Acanthocalyx]]''
*''[[Pterocephalus]]''
*''[[Dipsacus]] ''
*''[[Scabiosa]]''
'''Triplostegia'''
*''[[Triplostegia]]''
'''Valerianaceae'''
*''[[Patrina]]''
*''[[Nardostachys]] ''
*''[[Centranthus]]''
*''[[Plectritis]]''
*''[[Valeriana]]''
*''[[Valerianella]] ''
*''[[Fedia]]''

No longer included in Caprifoliaceae:

(regarded by some as belonging to a separate family [[Adoxaceae]] /Alseuosmiaceae)
*''[[Alseuosmia]]'' : 8 species
*''[[Memecylanthus]]'' : 1 species
*''[[Periomphale]]'' : 2 species

(regarded by some as belonging to a separate family Adoxaceae /Carlemanniaceae)
*''[[Carlemannia]]'' : 3 species
*''[[Silvianthus]]'' : 2 species.

==Uses==
The plants belonging to this family are mainly hardy [[ornamental plant|ornamental]] shrubs or vines, many popular garden shrubs, especially ''Lonicera''. A few have become invasive weeds outside of their native ranges (such as ''Lonicera japonica'').

==References==
*Flowering Plants of the World, 1987, Vernon H. Heywood, Andromeda Oxford Ltd., ISBN 90-5210-165-5
*Botanica, Gordon Cheers, Random House Australia, ISBN 3-8290-1953-X

==External links==
*[http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/caprifol.htm Caprifoliaceae] in [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.] http://delta-intkey.com
*[http://www.life.umd.edu/emeritus/reveal/pbio/usda/usdac.html Concordance of Angiosperm Family Names]
*[http://www.speciesaccounts.org/Caprifoliaceae.htm Species account : Caprifoliaceae]
*[http://www.inform.umd.edu/EdRes/Colleges/LFSC/life_sciences/.plant_biology/pb450/compcorn.html Comparison Table for the Cornidae]

[[Category:Plant families]]
[[Category:Caprifoliaceae| ]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Inc|
 Caprifoliaceae (from the old genus Caprifolium, meaning a goat-leaf, possibly in reference to the climbing habit). Honeysuckle Family. Fig. 55. Shrubs, very rarely herbs: leaves opposite, simple or pinnate: flowers bisexual, regular or irregular; calyx 4-5-toothed, or 4-5-fid; corolla gamopetalous, 4-5-lobed, tubular or rotate; stamens of the same number as the corolla-lobes and alternate with them, epipetalous; ovary inferior, 1-5-celled; each cell 1 to many-ovuled; style 1 or obsolete; stigmas 1-5: fruit a berry or capsule.
@@ Line 6: / Line 19: @@
 Many species of Honeysuckle exhale a sweet odor after sunset. The berries of Lonicera Caprifolium are said to be diuretic; those of L. Xylosteum are laxative. The berries of the European elder (Sambucus nigra), and of the American elder (S. canadensis) are cooked and eaten and are also made into wine. The dried flowers of elder were formerly used in cases of fever. The roots of the North American Triosteum perfoliatum furnish a kind of ipecac. Other species are locally used in medicine. Many are ornamental.
-Eight or 10 genera are in cultivation in N. America: Viburnum (Sheepberry, Hobble-bush. Wayfaring Tree, Arrowwood, High Cranberry, Snowball Bush); Sambucus (Elder); Triosteum (Feverwort, Horse Gentian. Wild Ipecac); Symphoricarpos (Snowberry, Coral Berry); Abelia; Diervilla (Weigela, Bush Honeysuckle); Linnaea (Twin-flower); Lonicera (Bush and Climbing Honeysuckles, Woodbine, Trumpet Honeysuckle).
+Eight or 10 genera are in cultivation in N. America: Viburnum (Sheepberry, Hobble-bush. Wayfaring Tree, Arrowwood, High Cranberry, Snowball Bush); Sambucus (Elder); Triosteum (Feverwort, Horse Gentian. Wild Ipecac); Symphoricarpos (Snowberry, Coral Berry); Abelia; Diervilla (Weigela, Bush Honeysuckle); Linnaea (Twin-flower); Lonicera (Bush and Climbing Honeysuckles, Woodbine, Trumpet Honeysuckle).{{SCH}}
 }}
-The '''Caprifoliaceae''' or '''honeysuckle family''' is a [[clade]] consisting of about 800 [[dicotyledon]]ous [[flowering plant]]s, with a nearly [[cosmopolitan distribution]]; centres of diversity are found in eastern [[North America]] and eastern [[Asia]], while they are absent in tropical and southern [[Africa]].
+==Genera==
+Source: Wikipedia{{wp}}
 Much of the debate over the taxonomy of this group has been settled. Two of the most familiar members of the family, the [[elderberry|elder]] and the [[viburnum]], have been moved into [[Adoxaceae]], along with some other genera.
@@ Line 82: / Line 74: @@
 *''[[Silvianthus]]'' : 2 species.
-==Uses==
+==Gallery==
-The plants belonging to this family are mainly hardy [[ornamental plant|ornamental]] shrubs or vines, many popular garden  shrubs, especially ''Lonicera''. A few have become invasive weeds outside of their native ranges (such as ''Lonicera japonica'').
+{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
 ==References==
-*Flowering Plants of the World, 1987, Vernon H. Heywood,  Andromeda Oxford Ltd., ISBN 90-5210-165-5
+*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
 ==External links==
-*[http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/caprifol.htm Caprifoliaceae] in [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.] http://delta-intkey.com
+*{{wplink}}
 [[Category:Plant families]]
 [[Category:Caprifoliaceae| ]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:53, 18 May 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{Inc\|
		+	Caprifoliaceae (from the old genus Caprifolium, meaning a goat-leaf, possibly in reference to the climbing habit). Honeysuckle Family. Fig. 55. Shrubs, very rarely herbs: leaves opposite, simple or pinnate: flowers bisexual, regular or irregular; calyx 4-5-toothed, or 4-5-fid; corolla gamopetalous, 4-5-lobed, tubular or rotate; stamens of the same number as the corolla-lobes and alternate with them, epipetalous; ovary inferior, 1-5-celled; each cell 1 to many-ovuled; style 1 or obsolete; stigmas 1-5: fruit a berry or capsule.
		+
		+	The 11 genera and about 350 species are distributed principally in the north temperate zone. The tropical species are mostly confined to the mountains. A few species of Sambucus and Viburnum occur in the southern hemisphere. The family is very closely related to the Rubiaceae but the leaves are exstipulate; also to the Cornaceae and Valerianaceae. Some fossil species have been found.
		+
		+	Many species of Honeysuckle exhale a sweet odor after sunset. The berries of Lonicera Caprifolium are said to be diuretic; those of L. Xylosteum are laxative. The berries of the European elder (Sambucus nigra), and of the American elder (S. canadensis) are cooked and eaten and are also made into wine. The dried flowers of elder were formerly used in cases of fever. The roots of the North American Triosteum perfoliatum furnish a kind of ipecac. Other species are locally used in medicine. Many are ornamental.
		+
		+	Eight or 10 genera are in cultivation in N. America: Viburnum (Sheepberry, Hobble-bush. Wayfaring Tree, Arrowwood, High Cranberry, Snowball Bush); Sambucus (Elder); Triosteum (Feverwort, Horse Gentian. Wild Ipecac); Symphoricarpos (Snowberry, Coral Berry); Abelia; Diervilla (Weigela, Bush Honeysuckle); Linnaea (Twin-flower); Lonicera (Bush and Climbing Honeysuckles, Woodbine, Trumpet Honeysuckle).
		+
		+	{{SCH}}
		+	}}
	{{Taxobox		{{Taxobox
	\| color = lightgreen		\| color = lightgreen