Chaenomeles - Revision history

Raffi at 21:19, 9 December 2009

2009-12-09T21:19:43Z

Murali.lalitha at 17:19, 6 December 2009

2009-12-06T17:19:24Z

Raffi at 05:21, 29 June 2009

2009-06-29T05:21:24Z

Silparaja at 11:08, 28 June 2009

2009-06-28T11:08:21Z

Envoy at 17:11, 28 September 2007

2007-09-28T17:11:35Z

New page

{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Chaenomeles''
| image = Quince8317.JPG
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''Chaenomeles'' in flower, probably a cultivar of ''C. × superba''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Rosales]]
| familia = [[Rosaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Maloideae]]
| genus = '''''Chaenomeles'''''
| genus_authority = [[John Lindley|Lindl.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
''[[Chaenomeles cathayensis]]''<br/>
''[[Chaenomeles japonica]]''<br/>
''[[Chaenomeles speciosa]]''
}}

'''''Chaenomeles''''' is a [[genus]] of three species of [[deciduous]] spiny [[shrub]]s, usually 1–3 m tall, in the family [[Rosaceae]]. They are native to eastern [[Asia]] in [[Japan]], [[China]] and [[Korea]]. These plants are related to the [[Quince]] (''Cydonia oblonga'') and the [[Chinese Quince]] (''Pseudocydonia sinensis''), differing in the serrated [[Leaf|leaves]], and in the [[flower]]s having deciduous [[sepal]]s and styles that are connate at the base.

The leaves are alternately arranged, simple, and have a serrated margin. The flowers are 3–4.5 cm diameter, with five [[petal]]s, and are usually bright orange-red, but can be white or pink; flowering is in late winter or early spring. The [[fruit]] is a [[pome]] with five carpels; it ripens in late autumn.

''Chaenomeles'' is used as a food plant by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Brown-tail]] and the leaf-miner ''[[Bucculatricidae|Bucculatrix pomifoliella]]''.

==Common names==
Gardeners in the [[Western world|West]] often refer to these species as "flowering quince" (although all quince have flowers). In the 19th and 20th centuries the name "japonica" was widely used (although, since ''japonica'' is a [[Binary name|specific epithet]] which is shared by many other plants, this common name is particularly unhelpful). Originally used to refer to ''C. japonica'', the latter common name was (and still is) often loosely applied to ''Chaenomeles'', regardless of their species. The most commonly cultivated chaenomeles referred to as "japonica" are actually the hybrid ''C. × superba'' and ''C. speciosa'', not ''C. japonica''.

==Species and hybrids==
''C. cathayensis'' is native to western China and has the largest fruit of the genus, [[pear]]-shaped, 10–15 cm long and 6–9 cm wide. The flowers are usually white or pink. The leaves are 7–14 cm long.

[[Image:Chaenomeles_japonica1.jpg|left|thumb|''Chaenomeles japonica'']]
''C. japonica'' (Maule's Quince or Japanese Quince) is native to Japan, and has small fruit, [[apple]]-shaped, 3–4 cm diameter. The flowers are usually red, but can be white or pink. The leaves are 3–5 cm long.

''C. speciosa'' (Chinese Flowering Quince; [[Synonymy|syn.]]: ''Chaenomeles laganaria'', ''Cydonia lagenaria'', ''Cydonia speciosa'', ''Pyrus japonica'') is native to China and Korea, and has apple-shaped fruit 5–6 cm diameter. The flowers are red. The leaves are 4–7 cm long.

Four named [[hybrid]]s have been bred in gardens. The commonest is ''C. × superba'' (hybrid ''C. speciosa'' × ''C. japonica''), while ''C. × vilmoriniana'' is a hybrid ''C. speciosa'' × ''C. cathayensis'', and ''C. × clarkiana'' is a hybrid ''C. japonica'' × ''C. cathayensis''. The hybrid ''C. × californica'' is a tri-species hybrid (''C. × superba'' × ''C. cathayensis''). Numerous named [[cultivar]]s of all of these hybrids are available in the [[horticulture|horticultural]] trade.

===Uses===
[[Image:ChaenomelesFruit02floweringquince02.jpg|left|thumb|''Chaenomeles'' sp. bisected fruit, probably ''C. speciosa'' or cultivar]]
The species have become a popular [[ornamental plant|ornamental shrubs]] in parts of [[Europe]] and [[North America]], grown in [[garden]]s for their bright flowers. Some [[cultivar]]s grow up to 2 m tall, but others are much smaller and creeping.

They are also suitable for cultivation as a [[bonsai]].

The fruit are very hard and astringent and very unpleasant to eat raw, though they do soften and become less astringent after [[frost]] (when they are said to be "[[Bletting|bletted]]"). They are, however, suitable for making [[liqueur]]s, as well as [[marmalade]] and preserves, as they contain more [[pectin]] than [[apple]]s and true [[quince]]s. The fruit also contain more [[vitamin C]] than [[lemon]]s (up to 150 mg/100 g).

==References and external links==
*[http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Chaenomeles+speciosa ''Chaenomeles speciosa'']
*[http://www.arhomeandgarden.org/plantoftheweek/articles/japonica.htm University of Arkansas: Flowering Quince or Japonica]

[[Category:Maloideae]]
[[Category:Fruit]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{SPlantbox
 |Min ht metric=cm
 |Temp Metric=°F
-|image=Upload.png
+|image=Quince8317.JPG
 |image_width=240
 }}
 {{Inc|
-Chaenomeles japonica. It has been shown recently that Thunberg, when describing his Pyrus japonica, had the species now called C. Maulei in mind: therefore the name C. japonica, Lindl., must replace the name C. Maulei, and the species called here C. japonica must bear the name C. lagenaria, Koidzumi (Cydonia lagenaria Loisel.); and C. cathayensis should be a variety of it: Var. cathayensis, Rehd. (C. cathayensis, Schneid.). Lvs. narrower, lanceolate, pubescent beneath while young. Cent. China. H.T. 27:2657, 2658. Another variety is: Var. Wilsonii, Rehd. Lvs. covered beneath with a persistent fulvous woolly tomentum. W. China.
+Chaenomeles japonica. It has been shown recently that Thunberg, when describing his Pyrus japonica, had the species now called C. Maulei in mind: therefore the name C. japonica, Lindl., must replace the name C. Maulei, and the species called here C. japonica must bear the name C. lagenaria, Koidzumi (Cydonia lagenaria Loisel.); and C. cathayensis should be a variety of it: Var. cathayensis, Rehd. (C. cathayensis, Schneid.). Lvs. narrower, lanceolate, pubescent beneath while young. Cent. China. Another variety is: Var. Wilsonii, Rehd. Lvs. covered beneath with a persistent fulvous woolly tomentum. W. China.
 }}
 {{Inc|
 Chaenomeles (Greek chainein, to gape, to split, and melea, apple: the fruit was supposed by Thunberg to split into five valves). Rosaceae, subfamily Pomeae. Woody plants, grown chiefly for their handsome brightly colored flowers appearing early in spring; formerly commonly included in Cydonia.
@@ Line 88: / Line 64: @@
 *{{wplink}}
-{{stub}}
+__NOTOC__

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:19, 6 December 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{SPlantbox
		+	\|Min ht metric=cm
		+	\|Temp Metric=°F
		+	\|image=Upload.png
		+	\|image_width=240
		+	}}
		+	{{Inc\|
		+	Chaenomeles japonica. It has been shown recently that Thunberg, when describing his Pyrus japonica, had the species now called C. Maulei in mind: therefore the name C. japonica, Lindl., must replace the name C. Maulei, and the species called here C. japonica must bear the name C. lagenaria, Koidzumi (Cydonia lagenaria Loisel.); and C. cathayensis should be a variety of it: Var. cathayensis, Rehd. (C. cathayensis, Schneid.). Lvs. narrower, lanceolate, pubescent beneath while young. Cent. China. H.T. 27:2657, 2658. Another variety is: Var. Wilsonii, Rehd. Lvs. covered beneath with a persistent fulvous woolly tomentum. W. China.
		+	}}
		+
	__NOTOC__{{Plantbox		__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
	\| name = ''LATINNAME'' <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->		\| name = ''LATINNAME'' <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Inc|
 Chaenomeles (Greek chainein, to gape, to split, and melea, apple: the fruit was supposed by Thunberg to split into five valves). Rosaceae, subfamily Pomeae. Woody plants, grown chiefly for their handsome brightly colored flowers appearing early in spring; formerly commonly included in Cydonia.
@@ Line 4: / Line 32: @@
 Shrubs or small trees, sometimes spiny: lvs. sub- persistent or deciduous, alternate, short-petioled, serrate: fls. solitary or fascicled, before or after the lvs., sometimes partly staminate; calyx-lobes entire or serrate; petals 5; stamens numerous: styles 5, connate at the base: fr. 5-celled, each cell with many seeds.—Four species in China and Japan.
-These are ornamental plants, nearly hardy North except C. sinensis, which can be grown only South. C. japonica and C. Maulei, with handsome glossy foliage and abundant flowers in early spring, varying in all shades from pure white to deep scarlet, are highly decorative, and especially adapted for borders of shrubberies and for low ornamental hedges. The fruit of all species can be made into conserves. They thrive in almost any soil, but require sunny position to bloom abundantly. Propagated by seeds, usually stratified and sown in spring: also readily increased by root- cuttings made in fall or early spring, and rarer kinds or less vigorous-growing varieties are grafted in the greenhouse in early spring, on stock of the Japanese or common quince; they grow also from cuttings of half-ripened or nearly mature wood, under glass, and from layers.
+These are ornamental plants, nearly hardy North except C. sinensis, which can be grown only South. C. japonica and C. Maulei, with handsome glossy foliage and abundant flowers in early spring, varying in all shades from pure white to deep scarlet, are highly decorative, and especially adapted for borders of shrubberies and for low ornamental hedges. The fruit of all species can be made into conserves. They thrive in almost any soil, but require sunny position to bloom abundantly. Propagated by seeds, usually stratified and sown in spring: also readily increased by root- cuttings made in fall or early spring, and rarer kinds or less vigorous-growing varieties are grafted in the greenhouse in early spring, on stock of the Japanese or common quince; they grow also from cuttings of half-ripened or nearly mature wood, under glass, and from layers.{{SCH}}
 }}
-'''''Chaenomeles''''' is a [[genus]] of three species of [[deciduous]] spiny [[shrub]]s, usually 1–3&nbsp;m tall, in the family [[Rosaceae]]. They are native to eastern [[Asia]] in [[Japan]], [[China]] and [[Korea]]. These plants are related to the [[Quince]] (''Cydonia oblonga'') and the [[Chinese Quince]] (''Pseudocydonia sinensis''), differing in the serrated [[Leaf|leaves]], and in the [[flower]]s having deciduous [[sepal]]s and styles that are connate at the base.
+==Cultivation==
-The leaves are alternately arranged, simple, and have a serrated margin. The flowers are 3–4.5&nbsp;cm diameter, with five [[petal]]s, and are usually bright orange-red, but can be white or pink; flowering is in late winter or early spring. The [[fruit]] is a [[pome]] with five carpels; it ripens in late autumn.
+===Propagation===
-''Chaenomeles'' is used as a food plant by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Brown-tail]] and the leaf-miner ''[[Bucculatricidae|Bucculatrix pomifoliella]]''.
+===Pests and diseases===
-==Common names==
+==Species==
-Gardeners in the [[Western world|West]] often refer to these species as "flowering quince" (although all quince have flowers). In the 19th and 20th centuries the name "japonica" was widely used (although, since ''japonica'' is a [[Binary name|specific epithet]] which is shared by many other plants, this common name is particularly unhelpful). Originally used to refer to ''C. japonica'', the latter common name was (and still is) often loosely applied to ''Chaenomeles'', regardless of their species. The most commonly cultivated chaenomeles referred to as "japonica" are actually the hybrid ''C. × superba'' and ''C. speciosa'', not ''C. japonica''.
+Species{{wp}}:
 ''C. cathayensis'' is native to western China and has the largest fruit of the genus, [[pear]]-shaped, 10–15&nbsp;cm long and 6–9&nbsp;cm wide. The flowers are usually white or pink. The leaves are 7–14&nbsp;cm long.
@@ Line 47: / Line 59: @@
 Four named [[hybrid]]s have been bred in gardens. The commonest is ''C. × superba'' (hybrid ''C. speciosa'' × ''C. japonica''), while ''C. × vilmoriniana'' is a hybrid ''C. speciosa'' × ''C. cathayensis'', and ''C. × clarkiana'' is a hybrid ''C. japonica'' × ''C. cathayensis''. The hybrid ''C. × californica'' is a tri-species hybrid (''C. × superba'' × ''C. cathayensis''). Numerous named [[cultivar]]s of all of these hybrids are available in the [[horticulture|horticultural]] trade.
-===Uses===
+==Gallery==
 [[Image:ChaenomelesFruit02floweringquince02.jpg|left|thumb|''Chaenomeles'' sp. bisected fruit, probably ''C. speciosa'' or cultivar]]
-The species have become a popular [[ornamental plant|ornamental shrubs]] in parts of [[Europe]] and [[North America]], grown in [[garden]]s for their bright flowers. Some [[cultivar]]s grow up to 2&nbsp;m tall, but others are much smaller and creeping.
+<gallery>
-They are also suitable for cultivation as a [[bonsai]].
+==References==
-The fruit are very hard and astringent and very unpleasant to eat raw, though they do soften and become less astringent after [[frost]] (when they are said to be "[[Bletting|bletted]]"). They are, however, suitable for making [[liqueur]]s, as well as [[marmalade]] and preserves, as they contain more [[pectin]] than [[apple]]s and true [[quince]]s. The fruit also contain more [[vitamin C]] than [[lemon]]s (up to 150&nbsp;mg/100&nbsp;g).
+==External links==
-==References and external links==
+{{stub}}
-*[http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Chaenomeles+speciosa ''Chaenomeles speciosa'']
+[[Category:Categorize]]
-[[Category:Maloideae]]
+<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:08, 28 June 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{Inc\|
		+	Chaenomeles (Greek chainein, to gape, to split, and melea, apple: the fruit was supposed by Thunberg to split into five valves). Rosaceae, subfamily Pomeae. Woody plants, grown chiefly for their handsome brightly colored flowers appearing early in spring; formerly commonly included in Cydonia.
		+
		+	Shrubs or small trees, sometimes spiny: lvs. sub- persistent or deciduous, alternate, short-petioled, serrate: fls. solitary or fascicled, before or after the lvs., sometimes partly staminate; calyx-lobes entire or serrate; petals 5; stamens numerous: styles 5, connate at the base: fr. 5-celled, each cell with many seeds.—Four species in China and Japan.
		+
		+	These are ornamental plants, nearly hardy North except C. sinensis, which can be grown only South. C. japonica and C. Maulei, with handsome glossy foliage and abundant flowers in early spring, varying in all shades from pure white to deep scarlet, are highly decorative, and especially adapted for borders of shrubberies and for low ornamental hedges. The fruit of all species can be made into conserves. They thrive in almost any soil, but require sunny position to bloom abundantly. Propagated by seeds, usually stratified and sown in spring: also readily increased by root- cuttings made in fall or early spring, and rarer kinds or less vigorous-growing varieties are grafted in the greenhouse in early spring, on stock of the Japanese or common quince; they grow also from cuttings of half-ripened or nearly mature wood, under glass, and from layers.
		+
		+	}}
	{{Taxobox		{{Taxobox
	\| color = lightgreen		\| color = lightgreen