Envoy at 05:48, 3 July 2007

2007-07-03T05:48:10Z

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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Chiloglottis''
| image =
| image_width =
| image_caption =
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Monocotyledon|Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Orchidoideae]]
| tribus = Diurideae
| subtribus = Drakaneinae
| genus = '''''Chiloglottis'''''
| genus_authority = [[Robert Brown (botanist)|R.Br.]], 1810
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
See text.
}}

'''''Chiloglottis''''' is a small [[genus]] in the orchid [[family (biology)|family]] [[Orchidaceae]].

The botanical name of the genus is derived from Greek words, referring to the tongue-shaped [[labellum|lip]]. The [[type species ]] is ''Chiloglottis diphylla'' [[Robert Brown (botanist)|R.Br.]], ''[[Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen]]'': 323 (1810), that has now become a synonym of ''Chiloglottis reflexa'' [LaBill.] Druce 1917.

This genus of deciduous, terrestrial orchids is indigenous to [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]].

The species have 1 to 4 paired oblong-lanceolate, glabrous [[Leaf|leaves]] (usually two) and [[subterranean]] tuberoids. The [[flower]]s have 4 [[pollinium|pollina]]. The short [[peduncle]] elongates after fertilisation of the flower. The flower is insect-pollinated by sexual deception ([[pseudocopulation]]) of specific [[wasp]]s. The [[labellum|lip]] has raised calli, whose structures mimic the flightless female of the wasp [[pollination|pollinator]].

== Species ==
* ''[[Chiloglottis anaticeps]]'' D.L.Jones, (1991) (New South Wales)
* ''[[Chiloglottis chlorantha]]'' D.L.Jones, (1991) (New South Wales, Victoria)
* ''[[Chiloglottis cornuta]]'' Hook.f. (1844) : [[Green Bird Orchid]] (SE Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand)
* ''[[Chiloglottis grammata]]'' G.W.Carr (1991) (Tasmania)
* ''[[Chiloglottis gunnii]]'' Lindl. (1840) : [[Common Bird Orchid]], [[Large Bird Orchid]] (SE Australia, Tasmania)
* ''[[Chiloglottis jeanesii]]'' D.L.Jones (1997) (Victoria)
* ''[[Chiloglottis longiclavata]]'' D.L.Jones, (1991) (Queensland)
* ''[[Chiloglottis palachila]]'' D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. (1991) (New South Wales)
* ''[[Chiloglottis platychila]]'' G.W.Carr (1991) (Tasmania)
* ''[[Chiloglottis pluricallata]]'' D.L.Jones, (1991) (New South Wales)
* ''[[Chiloglottis reflexa]]'' (Labill.) Druce, (1917) : [[Autumn Bird Orchid]] (Queensland to Tasmania)
* ''[[Chiloglottis seminuda]]'' D.L.Jones (1991) (New South Wales)
* ''[[Chiloglottis sphyrnoides]]'' D.L.Jones, (1991) (E Australia)
* ''[[Chiloglottis sylvestris]]'' D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. (1987) (Queensland, New South Wales)
* ''[[Chiloglottis triceratops]]'' D.L.Jones (1998) (Tasmania)
* ''[[Chiloglottis turfosa]]'' D.L.Jones (1991) (New South Wales)
* ''[[Chiloglottis valida]]'' D.L.Jones (1991) (New South Wales, Victoria, New Zealand)

==Taxonomic notes==
In 2005 the following species were transferred to the new genus ''[[Myrmechila]]'':
* ''Chiloglottis formicifera''
* ''Chiloglottis platyptera''
* ''Chiloglottis trapeziformis''
* ''Chiloglottis trullata''
* ''Chiloglottis truncata''

Intergeneric hybrid: ''Chiloglottis × pescottiana'' R.S.Rogers, (1918).: (''Chiloglottis valida'' x ''Myrmechila trapeziformis'') : Alpine Bird Orchid (SE Australia)

== References ==
* {{cite journal | author = Peakall, R., Bower, C. C., Logan, A. E., and Nicol H. I. | title = Confirmation of the hybrid origin of Chiloglottis X pescottiana R. S. Rogers (Orchidaceae: Diurideae). 1. Genetic and morphometric analysis. | journal = Australian Journal of Botany | volume = 45 | pages= 839-855 | year = 1997}}
* {{cite journal | author = Jones, D.L. | title = A taxonomic review of Chiloglottis in Tasmania. | journal = Australian Orchid Research | volume = 3 | issue = 62 | year = 1998}}
* {{cite journal | author = Jones, D.L., Clements, M.A., Sharma, I.K. , Mackenzie, A.M. & Molloy, B. | title = Nomenclatural notes arising from studies into the Tribe Diurideae (Orchidaceae).| journal = The Orchadian | volume = 13 | issue = 10 | page = 459 | year = 2002}}
* {{cite journal | autho
r = Jones, D.L. & Clements, M.A. | title = Miscellaneous nomenclature notes and changes in Australian, New Guinea and New Zealand Orchidaceae. | journal = The Orchadian | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | page = 37 | year = 2005}}

[[Category:Orchid genera]]

Chiloglottis - Revision history

Envoy at 05:48, 3 July 2007