Laburnum - Revision history

Sirishakollapu at 22:55, 4 May 2009

2009-05-04T22:55:56Z

Raffi at 16:12, 3 May 2009

2009-05-03T16:12:21Z

Sirishakollapu at 08:05, 3 May 2009

2009-05-03T08:05:21Z

Envoy at 13:06, 10 October 2007

2007-10-10T13:06:19Z

New page

{{For|the suburb of Melbourne|Laburnum, Victoria}}
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Laburnum''
| image = Laburnum_anagyroides2.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = Common Laburnum - flowers
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Fabales]]
| familia = [[Fabaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Faboideae]]
| tribus = [[Genisteae]]
| genus = '''''Laburnum'''''
| genus_authority = [[Philipp Conrad Fabricius|Fabr.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
''Laburnum anagyroides''<br/>
''Laburnum alpinum''
}}

'''''Laburnum''''' is a genus of two species of small [[tree]]s in the subfamily [[Faboideae]] of the pea family [[Fabaceae]], ''Laburnum anagyroides'' ('''Common Laburnum''') and ''L. alpinum'' ('''Alpine Laburnum'''). They are native to the mountains of southern [[Europe]] from [[France]] to the [[Balkan Peninsula]]. Some botanists include a third species, ''Laburnum caramanicum'', but this native of southeast Europe and [[Asia Minor]] is usually treated in a distinct genus ''Podocytisus'', more closely allied to the [[broom (shrub)|brooms]].

[[Image:Laburnum anagyroides flowering.jpg|thumb|left|Laburnum tree in full flower.]]
They have yellow pea-[[flower]]s in pendulous [[raceme]]s 10-30 cm (4-12 in) long in spring, which makes them very popular garden trees. In ''L. anagyroides'' the racemes are 10-20 cm (4-8 in) long, with densely packed flowers; in ''L. alpinum'' the racemes are 20-30 cm (8-12 in) long, but with the flowers sparsely along the raceme.

The leaves are trifoliate, somewhat like a [[clover]], the leaflets typically 2-3 cm (¾-1¼ in) long in ''L. anagyroides'' and 4-5 cm (1½-2 in) long in ''L. alpinum''.

Most garden specimens are of the hybrid between the two species, ''Laburnum x watereri'' ('''Voss's Laburnum'''), which combines the longer racemes of ''L. alpinum'' with the denser flowers of ''L. anagyroides''; it also has the benefit of low seed production (Laburnum seed toxicity is a common cause of poisoning in young children, who mistake the seeds for [[pea]]s).

The yellow flowers are responsible for the old poetic name 'golden chain tree' (also spelled golden chaintree or goldenchain tree).

All parts of the plant are [[poison]]ous and can be lethal if consumed in excess. Symptoms of Laburnum poisoning may include intense sleepiness, vomiting, convulsive movements, coma, slight frothing at the mouth and unequally dilated pupils. In some cases, diarrhea is very severe and at times the convulsions are markedly [[tetanic]].

Despite the plant's toxicity, it is used as a food plant by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Buff-tip]].

==References and external links==
*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Laburnum&SPECIES_XREF=&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Laburnum'']
*[http://www.ildis.org/ ILDIS Legume Database]
*[http://www.haworth-village.org.uk/nature/time-lapse/time-lapse.asp?pic=16 time lapse video] of a year in the life of a laburnum tree.
*[http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/l/labrun02.html Grieve, 'A Modern Herbal' (1931)]

{{Commons|Laburnum x watereri}}
{{tree-stub}}

[[Category:Faboideae]]
[[Category:Poisonous plants]]

@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 {{Inc|
 Laburnum (ancient Latin name). Leguminosae. Including Podocytisus. Golden-chain. Ornamental trees or shrubs chiefly grown for their showy racemes of yellow flowers.
 Deciduous: lvs. alternate, petioled, 3-foliolate, without stipules: fls. slender-pedicelled, in terminal simple racemes, mostly pendulous; calyx 2- lipped, with obtuse, short lips; corolla papilionaceous, with the petals all distinct; stamens 10, all connate; ovary stalked: fr. a linear pod with several seeds, compressed, tardily dehiscent; seed without appendage at base.—Three species in S. Eu. and W. Asia, often included under Cytisus. All parts of the plants are poisonous, especially the young frs. The hard, tough and closegrained wood is susceptible of a very fine polish, and is manufactured into various small articles.
 The golden-chains are handsome small trees with dark green trifoliolate leaves falling late in autumn without change of color, and with drooping racemes of bright yellow flowers in late spring, followed by long narrow pods remaining on the tree a long time. They are adapted for planting on rocky slopes or in borders of shrubberies, where they should be allowed enough space to show to the best advantage their graceful, drooping racemes of golden flowers, which contrast with the dark green foliage. They are hardly ever attacked by insects or fungi.—Laburnum alpinum is the hardiest species and perfectly hardy as far north as Massachusetts; L. anagyroides is somewhat less hardy, while L. caramanicum is tender. They thrive in any kind of well- drained soil, including limestone, and grow as well in partly shaded positions as in sunny ones. Propagated by seeds, sown usually in spring, and also by layers; the varieties are mostly grafted or budded on seedlings of one of the species.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Inc|
 Laburnum (ancient Latin name). Leguminosae. Including Podocytisus. Golden-chain. Ornamental trees or shrubs chiefly grown for their showy racemes of yellow flowers.
 Deciduous: lvs. alternate, petioled, 3-foliolate, without stipules: fls. slender-pedicelled, in terminal simple racemes, mostly pendulous; calyx 2- lipped, with obtuse, short lips; corolla papilionaceous, with the petals all distinct; stamens 10, all connate; ovary stalked: fr. a linear pod with several seeds, compressed, tardily dehiscent; seed without appendage at base.—Three species in S. Eu. and W. Asia, often included under Cytisus. All parts of the plants are poisonous, especially the young frs. The hard, tough and closegrained wood is susceptible of a very fine polish, and is manufactured into various small articles.
 The golden-chains are handsome small trees with dark green trifoliolate leaves falling late in autumn without change of color, and with drooping racemes of bright yellow flowers in late spring, followed by long narrow pods remaining on the tree a long time. They are adapted for planting on rocky slopes or in borders of shrubberies, where they should be allowed enough space to show to the best advantage their graceful, drooping racemes of golden flowers, which contrast with the dark green foliage. They are hardly ever attacked by insects or fungi.—Laburnum alpinum is the hardiest species and perfectly hardy as far north as Massachusetts; L. anagyroides is somewhat less hardy, while L. caramanicum is tender. They thrive in any kind of well- drained soil, including limestone, and grow as well in partly shaded positions as in sunny ones. Propagated by seeds, sown usually in spring, and also by layers; the varieties are mostly grafted or budded on seedlings of one of the species.
 }}
-'''''Laburnum''''' is a genus of two species of small [[tree]]s in the subfamily [[Faboideae]] of the pea family [[Fabaceae]], ''Laburnum anagyroides'' ('''Common Laburnum''') and ''L. alpinum'' ('''Alpine Laburnum'''). They are native to the mountains of southern [[Europe]] from [[France]] to the [[Balkan Peninsula]]. Some botanists include a third species, ''Laburnum caramanicum'', but this native of southeast Europe and [[Asia Minor]] is usually treated in a distinct genus ''Podocytisus'', more closely allied to the [[broom (shrub)|brooms]].
+==Cultivation==
-[[Image:Laburnum anagyroides flowering.jpg|thumb|left|Laburnum tree in full flower.]]
+===Propagation===
-They have yellow pea-[[flower]]s in pendulous [[raceme]]s 10-30&nbsp;cm (4-12&nbsp;in) long in spring, which makes them very popular garden trees. In ''L. anagyroides'' the racemes are 10-20&nbsp;cm (4-8&nbsp;in) long, with densely packed flowers; in ''L. alpinum'' the racemes are 20-30&nbsp;cm (8-12&nbsp;in) long, but with the flowers sparsely along the raceme.
+{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
-The leaves are trifoliate, somewhat like a [[clover]], the leaflets typically 2-3 cm (¾-1¼&nbsp;in) long in ''L. anagyroides'' and 4-5&nbsp;cm (1½-2&nbsp;in) long in ''L. alpinum''.
+===Pests and diseases===
-Most garden specimens are of the hybrid between the two species, ''Laburnum x watereri'' ('''Voss's Laburnum'''), which combines the longer racemes of ''L. alpinum'' with the denser flowers of ''L. anagyroides''; it also has the benefit of low seed production (Laburnum seed toxicity is a common cause of poisoning in young children, who mistake the seeds for [[pea]]s).
+==Species==
-The yellow flowers are responsible for the old poetic name 'golden chain tree' (also spelled golden chaintree or goldenchain tree).
+==Gallery==
-All parts of the plant are [[poison]]ous and can be lethal if consumed in excess. Symptoms of Laburnum poisoning may include intense sleepiness, vomiting, convulsive movements, coma, slight frothing at the mouth and unequally dilated pupils. In some cases, diarrhea is very severe and at times the convulsions are markedly [[tetanic]].
+<gallery>
-Despite the plant's toxicity, it is used as a food plant by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Buff-tip]].
+==References==
-==References and external links==
+==External links==
-*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Laburnum&SPECIES_XREF=&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Laburnum'']
+*{{wplink}}
-{{Commons|Laburnum x watereri}}
+{{stub}}
-{{tree-stub}}
+[[Category:Categorize]]
-[[Category:Faboideae]]
+<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:05, 3 May 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{Inc\|
		+	Laburnum (ancient Latin name). Leguminosae. Including Podocytisus. Golden-chain. Ornamental trees or shrubs chiefly grown for their showy racemes of yellow flowers.
		+	Deciduous: lvs. alternate, petioled, 3-foliolate, without stipules: fls. slender-pedicelled, in terminal simple racemes, mostly pendulous; calyx 2- lipped, with obtuse, short lips; corolla papilionaceous, with the petals all distinct; stamens 10, all connate; ovary stalked: fr. a linear pod with several seeds, compressed, tardily dehiscent; seed without appendage at base.—Three species in S. Eu. and W. Asia, often included under Cytisus. All parts of the plants are poisonous, especially the young frs. The hard, tough and closegrained wood is susceptible of a very fine polish, and is manufactured into various small articles.
		+	The golden-chains are handsome small trees with dark green trifoliolate leaves falling late in autumn without change of color, and with drooping racemes of bright yellow flowers in late spring, followed by long narrow pods remaining on the tree a long time. They are adapted for planting on rocky slopes or in borders of shrubberies, where they should be allowed enough space to show to the best advantage their graceful, drooping racemes of golden flowers, which contrast with the dark green foliage. They are hardly ever attacked by insects or fungi.—Laburnum alpinum is the hardiest species and perfectly hardy as far north as Massachusetts; L. anagyroides is somewhat less hardy, while L. caramanicum is tender. They thrive in any kind of well- drained soil, including limestone, and grow as well in partly shaded positions as in sunny ones. Propagated by seeds, sown usually in spring, and also by layers; the varieties are mostly grafted or budded on seedlings of one of the species.
		+	}}
	{{For\|the suburb of Melbourne\|Laburnum, Victoria}}		{{For\|the suburb of Melbourne\|Laburnum, Victoria}}
	{{Taxobox		{{Taxobox