Lupinus albus - Revision history

Raffi at 03:17, 14 December 2009

2009-12-14T03:17:06Z

Raffi at 03:16, 14 December 2009

2009-12-14T03:16:20Z

Raffi at 03:15, 14 December 2009

2009-12-14T03:15:41Z

Murali.lalitha at 20:39, 13 December 2009

2009-12-13T20:39:17Z

Envoy at 12:22, 12 July 2007

2007-07-12T12:22:00Z

New page

{{ToLCleanup}}

{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Lupinus albus'' L. - White lupin
| image file =
| image title =
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| subregnum = [[Tracheobionta]]
| superdivisio = [[Spermatophyta]]
| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| subclassis = [[Rosidae]]
| ordo = [[Fabales]]
| familia = [[Fabaceae]]
| tribus = [[Luppineae]]
| genus = [[Lupinus]]
| species = '''''L. albus'''''
| binomial = ''Lupinus albus''
| binomial_authority = [[Linaeus|L.]], 1753
}}
'''''Lupinus albus''''' ([[Linaeus]] 1753), commonly known as the '''white lupin''', is a member of the [[genus]] ''[[Lupinus]]'' in the family [[Fabaceae]]. It is a traditional [[pulse]] cultivated in the [[Mediterranean region]].

== Description ==

The white lupin is annual, more or less pubescent plant, 30 - 120 cm high, has a wide distribution in the [[Mediterranean]] region. White Lupine is widely spread as wild plants throughout the southern [[Balkans]], the islands of [[Sicily]], [[Corsica]] and [[Sardinia]], and the [[Aegean Sea]], as well as in [[Israel]], [[Palestine]] and western [[Turkey]]. Occurs in meadows, pastures, and grassy slopes, predominantly on sandy and acid soils. It is cultivated over all the Mediterranean region and also in Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Syria, Central and Western Europe, USA and South America, Tropical and Southern Africa, Russia, and Ukraine. The ancient culture of white lupin under the local name "hanchcoly" was practiced until recently in Western [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]].

White lupin is distinct within the vast and polymorphous genus ''Lupinus'' L. for small variation of morphological characters. However, it has wide intraspecific variability in physiological plant properties: duration of vernalization time and growth rate, photoperiodic sensitivity, shape tolerance, drought resistance, cold- and winter-hardiness. There are winter and spring forms of white lupin. Duration of growing period under spring sowing varies from 106 to 180 days, seed mass per plant changes from 2.2 to 40 g, green mass yield per from 9 to 250 g, protein content in seed from 35.0 to 53.7%, and oil content from 6.2 to 12.0%.

The beginning of the [http://lupins-bk.blogspot.com/2006/07/history-of-lupin-domestication.html history of lupin cultivation] in the Old World is often associated with the times of the ancient Egyptian civilization (Zhukovsky, 1929). It is, however, more likely (Kurlovich, 2002) that originally white lupin was introduced into cultivation in ancient Greece where its greatest biodiversity was concentrated and wild-growing forms have been preserved until nowadays (ssp. ''graecus''). On the Balkan Peninsula representatives of another subspecies of white lupin (ssp. ''termis'' and ssp. ''albus'') turned wild and grows now in natural environments. Besides, the Grecian genesis of cultivated lupin is testified by lupin’s Greek name ''termis'', that may be translated as “ardent”. Until now, in may countries of the world water-soaked and boiled lupin seeds are sold on markets and in bars as delicacies (like sunflower seeds). White lupin dispersed step-by-step from Greece to adjacent countries, in particular, to Egypt and Ancient Rome. The forms with white seeds and pink-and-blue or light-pink flowers (''L. termis'') spread mainly towards the south (Egypt, Libya and Palestine), while the forms with white seeds and grayish-blue or white flowers (''L. albus'') moved to the west (Apennine Peninsula and farther).

==The scheme of [http://lupindiversity.blogspot.com/2006/08/lupinus-albus-l-white-lupin.html classification] of '''''Lupinus albus''''' L.==

#Subsp. ''graecus'' (Boiss. et Spun.) Franko et Silva
#Subsp. ''termis'' (Forsk.) Ponert.
##Var. ''abissinicus'' Libk.
##Var. ''subroseus'' Libk.
##Subsp. ''albus'' L.
#Var.'' albus''
#Var.''vavilovii'' (Atab.) Kurl. et Stankev.
#Var ''vulgaris'' Libk.
##f. ''libkindae'' Kurl. et Stankev.

==Cultivation and uses==
According to Zohary and Hopf (12
3, 2000), "even today te white lupin is an appreciated food crop and it is still cultivated in some Mediterranean countries -- particularly Egypt." They list a number of archeological findsites that include [[Bronze age]] [[Thera]] and a number of [[Aegyptus (Roman province)|Roman Egypt]] sites.
In the Iberian Peninsula it has been traditionally a poor man's food, as it can be read in [[Libro de los ejemplos del conde Lucanor y de Patronio]]. Nevertheless, it's still a very popular snack.

==References==
*[http://koti.mbnet.fi/bkurl/Lupin.htm Kurlovich B.S. (2002) Lupins. Geography, classification, genetic resources and breeding , St. Petersburg, “Intan”, 468p.]
*Gladstones, J.S. 1974. Lupinus of the Mediterranean region and Africa. Bull. West. Austr. Depart. of Agr. 1974. N 26. 48 p.
*Gladstones, J.S. 1998. Distribution, Origin, Taxonomy, History and Importance. In: J.S. Gladstones ''et al.'' (eds.), Lupin as Crop Plants. Biology, Production and Utilization, 1-39.
*Zhukovsky, P.M. 1929. A contribution to the knowledge of genus Lupinus Tourn. Bull. Apll. Bot. Gen. Pl.-Breed. , Leningrad-Moscow, XXI, I:16-294.
*Zohary, D. and Hopf, M. (2000) ''Domestication of plants in the Old World'', third edition. Oxford: University Press.

==External links==
* [http://plants.usda.gov/java/ClassificationServlet?source=profile&symbol=LUPIN&display=31 Classification for Kingdom Plantae Down to Species ''Lupinus albus'' L.]
*http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Lupinus+albus

[[Category:Faboideae]]

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 '''''Lupinus albus''''' ([[Linaeus]] 1753), commonly known as the '''white lupin''', is a member of the [[genus]] ''[[Lupinus]]'' in the family [[Fabaceae]]. It is a traditional [[Pulse (legume)|pulse]] cultivated in the [[Mediterranean region]].
-[[Image:Lupinus albus.JPG|left|222 px|thumb|]]
+The white lupin is annual, more or less pubescent plant, 30 - 120&nbsp;cm high, has a wide distribution in the  [[Mediterranean]] region. White Lupine is widely spread as wild plants throughout the southern [[Balkans]], the islands of [[Sicily]], [[Corsica]] and [[Sardinia]], and the [[Aegean Sea]], as well as in [[Israel]], [[Palestine]] and western [[Turkey]]. Occurs in meadows, pastures, and grassy slopes, predominantly on sandy and acid soils.
 White lupin is distinct within the vast and polymorphous genus ''Lupinus'' L. for small variation of morphological characters. However, it has wide intraspecific variability in physiological plant properties: duration of vernalization time and growth rate, photoperiodic sensitivity, shape tolerance, drought resistance, cold- and winter-hardiness. There are winter and spring forms of white lupin.  Duration of growing period under spring sowing varies from 106 to 180 days, seed mass per plant changes from 2.2 to 40 g, green mass yield per from 9 to 250 g, protein content in seed from 35.0 to 53.7%, and oil content from 6.2 to 12.0%.

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 |image=Lupinus albus.JPG
 |image_width=240
-|image_caption=''Lupinus albus'' L.  -  White lupin
+|image_caption=''Lupinus albus'' beans, cooked and pickled in brine.
 }}
 '''''Lupinus albus''''' ([[Linaeus]] 1753), commonly known as the '''white lupin''', is a member of the [[genus]] ''[[Lupinus]]'' in the family [[Fabaceae]]. It is a traditional [[Pulse (legume)|pulse]] cultivated in the [[Mediterranean region]].
-[[Image:Lupinus albus.JPG|left|222 px|thumb|''Lupinus albus'' beans, cooked and pickled in brine.]]
+[[Image:Lupinus albus.JPG|left|222 px|thumb|]]
 The white lupin is annual, more or less pubescent plant, 30 - 120&nbsp;cm high, has a wide distribution in the  [[Mediterranean]] region. White Lupine is widely spread as wild plants throughout the southern [[Balkans]], the islands of [[Sicily]], [[Corsica]] and [[Sardinia]], and the [[Aegean Sea]], as well as in [[Israel]], [[Palestine]] and western [[Turkey]]. Occurs in meadows, pastures, and grassy slopes, predominantly on sandy and acid soils. It is cultivated over all the Mediterranean region and also in Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Syria, Central and Western Europe, USA and South America, Tropical and Southern Africa, Russia, and Ukraine. The ancient culture of white lupin under the local name "hanchcoly" was practiced until recently in Western [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]].

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{SPlantbox
 |genus=Lupinus
 |species=albus
 |Min ht metric=cm
 |Temp Metric=°F
-|image=Upload.png
+|image=Lupinus albus.JPG
 |image_width=240
 }}
 {{Inc|
 Lupinus albus, Linn. White Lupine. Erect st., 1 ½ ft. high: lfts. obovate-oblong, 5-7, hairy below, 1 ½ -2 in. long: fls. alternate stalked, on erect sts., quite large. white: pods large. Summer. Asia and S. Eu. — A good fodder plant said to be of greater thrift than L. luteus, and remaining green longer. Succeeds well on the poorest soil and is valuable for plowing under. Seeds are sown April-July, and the plants are plowed under when in flower.
 }}
-{{ToLCleanup}}
+==Cultivation==
-{{Taxobox
+===Propagation===
- | color = lightgreen
+<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
-== Description ==
+===Pests and diseases===
+<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
 #Subsp. ''graecus'' (Boiss. et Spun.) Franko et Silva
 #Subsp. ''termis'' (Forsk.) Ponert.
@@ Line 54: / Line 41: @@
 ##f. ''libkindae'' Kurl. et Stankev.
-==Cultivation and uses==
+==Gallery==
-According to Zohary and Hopf (12
+{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
-, 2000), "even today te white lupin is an appreciated food crop and it is still cultivated in some Mediterranean countries -- particularly Egypt." They list a number of archeological findsites that include [[Bronze age]] [[Thera]] and a number of [[Aegyptus (Roman province)|Roman Egypt]] sites.
-In the Iberian Peninsula it has been traditionally a poor man's food, as it can be read in [[Libro de los ejemplos del conde Lucanor y de Patronio]]. Nevertheless, it's still a very popular snack.
+<gallery>
 ==References==
-*[http://koti.mbnet.fi/bkurl/Lupin.htm  Kurlovich B.S. (2002) Lupins. Geography, classification, genetic resources and breeding , St. Petersburg, “Intan”, 468p.]
+*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
-*Gladstones, J.S. 1974. Lupinus  of the Mediterranean region and Africa. Bull. West. Austr. Depart. of Agr. 1974. N 26. 48 p.
+<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
-*Gladstones, J.S. 1998. Distribution, Origin, Taxonomy, History and Importance. In: J.S. Gladstones ''et al.'' (eds.), Lupin as Crop Plants. Biology, Production and Utilization, 1-39.
+<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
-*Zhukovsky, P.M. 1929. A contribution to the knowledge of genus Lupinus Tourn.  Bull. Apll. Bot. Gen. Pl.-Breed. , Leningrad-Moscow, XXI, I:16-294.
+<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
 ==External links==
-* [http://plants.usda.gov/java/ClassificationServlet?source=profile&symbol=LUPIN&display=31 Classification for Kingdom Plantae Down to Species ''Lupinus albus'' L.]
+*{{wplink}}
-[[Category:Faboideae]]
+{{stub}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:39, 13 December 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{SPlantbox
		+	\|genus=Lupinus
		+	\|species=albus
		+	\|Min ht metric=cm
		+	\|Temp Metric=°F
		+	\|image=Upload.png
		+	\|image_width=240
		+	}}
		+	{{Inc\|
		+	Lupinus albus, Linn. White Lupine. Erect st., 1 ½ ft. high: lfts. obovate-oblong, 5-7, hairy below, 1 ½ -2 in. long: fls. alternate stalked, on erect sts., quite large. white: pods large. Summer. Asia and S. Eu. — A good fodder plant said to be of greater thrift than L. luteus, and remaining green longer. Succeeds well on the poorest soil and is valuable for plowing under. Seeds are sown April-July, and the plants are plowed under when in flower.
		+	}}
		+
	{{ToLCleanup}}		{{ToLCleanup}}