Monarda didyma - Revision history

Raffi at 21:38, 7 January 2010

2010-01-07T21:38:36Z

Murali.lalitha at 11:43, 7 January 2010

2010-01-07T11:43:25Z

Raffi at 04:53, 26 June 2009

2009-06-26T04:53:51Z

Envoy at 04:13, 26 October 2007

2007-10-26T04:13:08Z

New page

{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Monarda didyma''
| image = Bee_balm.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''Monarda didyma''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
| familia = [[Lamiaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Monarda]]''
| species = '''''M. didyma'''''
| binomial = ''Monarda didyma''
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| range_map = Monarda didyma in the USA.svg
| range_map_width = 240px
| range_map_caption = U.S. distribution of ''Monarda didyma''
}}

''Monarda didyma'' ('''Bergamot''', '''Scarlet Beebalm''', '''Scarlet Monarda''', '''Oswego Tea''', or '''Crimson Beebalm''') is an aromatic [[herb]] in the family [[Lamiaceae]], native to eastern [[North America]] from [[Maine]] west to [[Ohio]] and south to northern [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. Its name is derived from its odor which is considered similar to that of the [[bergamot orange]]. The [[binomial nomenclature|scientific name]] comes from [[Nicolas Monardes]], who described the first American flora in [[1569]].

===Description===
This hardy [[perennial plant]] grows to 0.7-1.5 m in height, with the stems square in cross-section. The [[Leaf|leaves]] are opposite on the square stems, 6-15 cm long and 3-8 cm broad, and dark green with reddish leaf veins and a coarsely-toothed margin; they are glaborous or sparsely pubescent above with spreading hairs below. It has ragged, bright red tubular [[flower]]s 3-4 cm long, borne on showy heads of about 30 together, with reddish bracts. It grows in dense clusters along stream banks, thickets and ditches, flowering from July to late August.

===Cultivation and uses===
Bergamot is extensively grown as an [[ornamental plant]] both within and outside its native range; it is [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalized]] further west in the [[United States]] and also in parts of [[Europe]] and [[Asia]]. It grows best in full sun, but tolerates light shade and will thrive in any moist soil that is well-drained. Several [[cultivar]]s have been selected for different flower color, ranging from white through pink to dark red and purple.

The name ''Oswego Tea'' comes from the [[Iroquois|Oswego]] Indians who taught the immigrants how to use it for [[tea]] after the [[Boston tea party]] in [[1773]]. The flowers and leaves are good ingredients for [[potpourri]] making.

Note that the bergamot herb is ''not'' the source of bergamot oil, used to flavor [[Earl Grey tea]]; that comes from the [[bergamot orange]], a [[Mediterranean]] [[citrus]] [[fruit]].

==References==
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?24535 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Monarda didyma'']
*[http://www.missouriplants.com/Redopp/Monarda_didyma_page.html Missouri Plants: ''Monarda didyma'']
*[http://www.herbs2000.com/herbs/herbs_oswego_tea.htm Oswego tea]
* {{cite book | author=[[Neltje Blanchan|Blanchan, Neltje]] | title=[[Wild Flowers Worth Knowing]] | year=[[2005]] | publisher=[[Project Gutenberg|Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation]]}}
* {{cite book | author=[[Alfred Pink|Pink, A.]] | title=[http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/11892 Gardening for the Million.] | year=[[2004]] | publisher=[[Project Gutenberg|Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation]]}}
*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=MODI USDA Plants Profile: ''Monarda didyma'']

{{wikiversity-bc|Monarda didyma}}
[[Category:Lamiaceae]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
[[Category:Wildflowers of the Great Smoky Mountains]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{SPlantbox
 |genus=Monarda
 |species=didyma
 |Min ht metric=cm
 |Temp Metric=°F
-|jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks!
+|sunset_zones=2-11, 14-17, 30-41
-|image=Upload.png
+|image=Monarda-didyma.JPG
-|image_width=240
+|image_width=180
 }}
 {{Inc|
-Monarda didyma Linn  (M. Kalmiana, Pursh. M. coccinea, Hort.). Oswego Tea. Bee-balm. Fragrant Balm. Fig. 2383. St. acutely 4-angled: lvs. thin, ovate- lanceolate, acuminate. B.M. 145 (erroneously as M. fistulosa var.), and 546. R.B. 26:49. G.W. 14,p. 618. Vars. alba and rosea, Hort., are offered, but the latter should be compared with the next species. In 1893 John Saul advertised M. Kalmiana as if horticulturally distinct, calling it the finest of monardas. Var. salmonea, Perry. Large heads of delicate shade of salmon-pink.—Suited to moister positions than the others.
+Monarda didyma Linn  (M. Kalmiana, Pursh. M. coccinea, Hort.). Oswego Tea. Bee-balm. Fragrant Balm. St. acutely 4-angled: lvs. thin, ovate- lanceolate, acuminate. Vars. alba and rosea, Hort., are offered, but the latter should be compared with the next species. In 1893 John Saul advertised M. Kalmiana as if horticulturally distinct, calling it the finest of monardas. Var. salmonea, Perry. Large heads of delicate shade of salmon-pink.—Suited to moister positions than the others.
 }}
 ==Cultivation==
 {{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
@@ Line 93: / Line 59: @@
 {{stub}}
-[[Category:Categorize]]
+__NOTOC__

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:43, 7 January 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{SPlantbox
		+	\|genus=Monarda
		+	\|species=didyma
		+	\|Min ht metric=cm
		+	\|Temp Metric=°F
		+	\|jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks!
		+	\|image=Upload.png
		+	\|image_width=240
		+	}}
		+	{{Inc\|
		+	Monarda didyma Linn (M. Kalmiana, Pursh. M. coccinea, Hort.). Oswego Tea. Bee-balm. Fragrant Balm. Fig. 2383. St. acutely 4-angled: lvs. thin, ovate- lanceolate, acuminate. B.M. 145 (erroneously as M. fistulosa var.), and 546. R.B. 26:49. G.W. 14,p. 618. Vars. alba and rosea, Hort., are offered, but the latter should be compared with the next species. In 1893 John Saul advertised M. Kalmiana as if horticulturally distinct, calling it the finest of monardas. Var. salmonea, Perry. Large heads of delicate shade of salmon-pink.—Suited to moister positions than the others.
		+	}}
		+
	__NOTOC__{{Plantbox		__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
	\| name = ''Monarda didyma''		\| name = ''Monarda didyma''

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Taxobox
+__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
 | name = ''Monarda didyma''
-| image = Bee_balm.jpg
+| common_names = bee balm, oswego tea, horsemint
-| image_width = 240px
+| growth_habit = herbaceous
-| image_caption = ''Monarda didyma''
+| high = 1m    <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
-| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
+| wide = 20cm    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
-| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
+| origin =     <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
-| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
+| poisonous =     <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
-| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
+| lifespan =  perennial{{SSN}}
-| familia = [[Lamiaceae]]
+| exposure = sun (light afternoon shade where hot)
-| genus = ''[[Monarda]]''
+| water = moderate, does not like to stand in water    <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
-| species = '''''M. didyma'''''
+| features = fragrant    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
-| binomial = ''Monarda didyma''
+| hardiness =     <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
-| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
+| bloom =     <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
-| range_map = Monarda didyma in the USA.svg
+| usda_zones =     <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
-| range_map_width = 240px
+| sunset_zones = 2-11, 14-17, 30-41
-| range_map_caption = U.S. distribution of ''Monarda didyma''
+| color = IndianRed
 }}
-''Monarda didyma'' ('''Bergamot''', '''Scarlet Beebalm''', '''Scarlet Monarda''', '''Oswego Tea''', or '''Crimson Beebalm''') is an aromatic [[herb]] in the family [[Lamiaceae]], native to eastern [[North America]] from [[Maine]] west to [[Ohio]] and south to northern [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. Its name is derived from its odor which is considered similar to that of the [[bergamot orange]]. The [[binomial nomenclature|scientific name]] comes from [[Nicolas Monardes]], who described the first American flora in [[1569]].
+==Cultivation==
-===Description===
+===Propagation===
-This hardy [[perennial plant]] grows to 0.7-1.5 m in height, with the stems square in cross-section. The [[Leaf|leaves]] are opposite on the square stems, 6-15 cm long and 3-8 cm broad, and dark green with reddish leaf veins and a coarsely-toothed margin; they are glaborous or sparsely pubescent above with spreading hairs below. It has ragged, bright red tubular [[flower]]s 3-4 cm long, borne on showy heads of about 30 together, with reddish bracts. It grows in dense clusters along stream banks, thickets and ditches, flowering from July to late August.
+{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
-===Cultivation and uses===
+==Cultivars==
-Bergamot is extensively grown as an [[ornamental plant]] both within and outside its native range; it is [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalized]] further west in the [[United States]] and also in parts of [[Europe]] and [[Asia]]. It grows best in full sun, but tolerates light shade and will thrive in any moist soil that is well-drained. Several [[cultivar]]s have been selected for different flower color, ranging from white through pink to dark red and purple.
+Scarlet colored: 'Adam'
-The name ''Oswego Tea'' comes from the [[Iroquois|Oswego]] Indians who taught the immigrants how to use it for [[tea]] after the [[Boston tea party]] in [[1773]]. The flowers and leaves are good ingredients for [[potpourri]] making.
+==Gallery==
-Note that the bergamot herb is ''not'' the source of bergamot oil, used to flavor [[Earl Grey tea]]; that comes from the [[bergamot orange]], a [[Mediterranean]] [[citrus]] [[fruit]].
+<gallery>
 ==References==
-*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?24535 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Monarda didyma'']
+<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
-*[http://www.missouriplants.com/Redopp/Monarda_didyma_page.html Missouri Plants: ''Monarda didyma'']
+<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
-*[http://www.herbs2000.com/herbs/herbs_oswego_tea.htm  Oswego tea]
+<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
-{{wikiversity-bc|Monarda didyma}}
+==External links==
-[[Category:Lamiaceae]]
+*{{wplink}}
-[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
-[[Category:Wildflowers of the Great Smoky Mountains]]
+{{stub}}