Peking Willow - Revision history

Raffi at 17:06, 18 August 2010

2010-08-18T17:06:33Z

Raffi at 16:41, 7 May 2010

2010-05-07T16:41:18Z

Murali.lalitha at 10:48, 6 May 2010

2010-05-06T10:48:22Z

Raffi at 21:02, 1 May 2009

2009-05-01T21:02:39Z

Murali.lalitha at 10:01, 1 May 2009

2009-05-01T10:01:53Z

Envoy at 08:46, 14 November 2007

2007-11-14T08:46:47Z

New page

{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Weeping willow
| status = Threatened
| image = SalixBabylonica.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = Peking Willows planted at [[Shijiazhuang]], south of [[Beijing]], China
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Malpighiales]]
| familia = [[Salicaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Willow|Salix]]''
| species = '''''S. babylonica'''''
| binomial = ''Salix babylonica''
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
The '''Weeping willow''' (''Salix x pendulina and Salix x sepulcralis''), also known as the '''Babylon willow''' or '''Peking willow''', is a species of [[willow]] native to dry areas of northern [[China]], but cultivated for millennia elsewhere in [[Asia]], being traded along the [[silk road]] to [[Babylon]], hence the scientific name.

[[Image:Willow Salix babylonica.jpg|200px|left|thumb|Leaves of Peking Willow]]
It is a medium-sized to large [[deciduous]] tree, growing up to 20-25 m tall. It grows rapidly, but has a short lifespan. It has narrow, light green leaves, around 4-10 cm long and 1-2 cm broad. The [[flower]]s are [[catkin]]s produced early in the spring; it is [[plant sexuality|dioecious]], with the male and female catkins on separate trees.

Many botanists treat the [[Chinese Willow]] ''Salix matsudana'' as a [[Synonymy|synonym]] of ''Salix babylonica''; it is also native to northern China. The only reported difference between the two is that ''S. matsudana'' has two [[nectar]]ies in each female flower, whereas ''S. babylonica'' has only one; however this character is not reliable in many willows (e.g. [[Crack Willow]] can have either one or two), so even this difference may mean nothing.

===Cultivation and uses===
Peking Willow is a popular [[ornamental plant|ornamental tree]] in northern China, and is also grown for [[wood]] production and shelterbelts there, being particularly important around the [[oasis|oases]] of the [[Gobi Desert]] to protect agricultural land from desert winds.

It has also been introduced into many other areas, but has not generally been successful in cultivation outside of China{{Fact|date=April 2007}}, being very short-lived and unsightly due to [[canker]] diseases in the more humid [[climate]]s in much of [[Europe]] and [[North America]]It is particularly susceptible to Willow Anthracnose ''Marssonina salicicola''.

Early Chinese [[cultivar]] selections include the original '''Weeping Willow''' ''Salix babylonica'' 'Pendula', in which the branches and twigs are strongly pendulous. However, most Weeping Willows outside of China are a [[hybrid]] between this cultivar and the [[White Willow]], which is better adapted to humid leaves.

===Leaves===
Peking Willow [[leaf|leaves]] are long and pointed. They have slight notches in the sides. The leaves turn a gold-yellow in [[autumn]] and are alternate on the branches.

===Reproductive Cycle===
The Peking or Weeping Willow, unlike other species of willow has an odd reproductive cycle. Though the willow's reproductive cycle will continue as long as the tree lives, any seeds produced after the tree reaches a certain age (usually between 38-47 years old) are infertile and cannot produce [[seedlings]].

This has caused many [[environmentalist]] to closely watch the weeping willow. Because even though they flourish in many areas, if new willows are not grown on a regular basis this amazing tree has a very real possibility of going [[extinct]].

==External links==
*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/saba2.htm ''Salix babylonica'' (weeping willow) images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]

[[Category:Salicaceae|Willow, Peking]]

The Salix babylonica derives its name from Psalm 137 ("By the rivers of Babylon"), which laments the exile of the Israelites from their land, Israel, into a strange and unfriendly Babylonia. According to the Psalm, they weep beneath the willow trees on the riverbanks of Babylonia, and thus, the weeping willow is named for one of the more famous places where people lamented beside it.

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 |water=wet, moist
 |water_ref=Sunset National Garden Book
 |Temp Metric=°F
 |min_zone=5
 |usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 |max_zone=10
 |image=SalixBabylonica.jpg
 |image_width=240
@@ Line 32: / Line 34: @@
 '''''Salix babylonica''''' ('''Babylon Willow''' (var. ''babylonica'') or '''Peking Willow''' (var. ''matsudana''); is a species of [[willow]] native to dry areas of northern [[China]], but cultivated for millennia elsewhere in [[Asia]], being traded along the [[silk road]] to southwest Asia and [[Europe]].<ref name=foc>Flora of China: [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200005760 ''Salix babylonica'']</ref><ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?32683 ''Salix babylonica'']</ref>
-It is a large-sized to medium [[deciduous]] tree, growing up to 20-25 m tall. It grows rapidly, but has a short lifespan. The shoots are yellowish-brown, with small buds. The [[leaf|leaves]] are spirally arranged, narrow, light green, 4-16&nbsp;cm long and 0.5-2&nbsp;cm broad, with finely serrate margins and long [[leaf shape|acuminate]] tips ; they turn a gold-yellow in autumn. The [[flower]]s are arranged in [[catkin]]s produced early in the spring; it is [[plant sexuality|dioecious]], with the male and female catkins on separate trees.<ref name=foc/><ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.</ref>
+It is a large-sized to medium [[deciduous]] tree, growing up to 20-25 m tall. It grows rapidly, but has a short lifespan. The shoots are yellowish-brown, with small buds. The [[leaf|leaves]] are spirally arranged, narrow, light green, 4-16 cm long and 0.5-2 cm broad, with finely serrate margins and long [[leaf shape|acuminate]] tips ; they turn a gold-yellow in autumn. The [[flower]]s are arranged in [[catkin]]s produced early in the spring; it is [[plant sexuality|dioecious]], with the male and female catkins on separate trees.<ref name=foc/><ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.</ref>
 {{Inc|

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 |genus=Salix
 |species=babylonica
 |common_name=Peking willow, Weeping willow
 |name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
@@ Line 13: / Line 14: @@
 |Max wd metric=ft
 |width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 |lifespan=perennial
 |life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 |exposure=sun
 |sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 |Temp Metric=°F
 |min_zone=5
 |usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 |max_zone=10
-|image=Upload.png
+|image=SalixBabylonica.jpg
 |image_width=240
 }}
-__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
+'''''Salix babylonica''''' ('''Babylon Willow''' (var. ''babylonica'') or '''Peking Willow''' (var. ''matsudana''); is a species of [[willow]] native to dry areas of northern [[China]], but cultivated for millennia elsewhere in [[Asia]], being traded along the [[silk road]] to southwest Asia and [[Europe]].<ref name=foc>Flora of China: [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200005760 ''Salix babylonica'']</ref><ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?32683 ''Salix babylonica'']</ref>
-| name = ''Salix babylonica''
-| common_names = Peking Willow
+It is a large-sized to medium [[deciduous]] tree, growing up to 20-25 m tall. It grows rapidly, but has a short lifespan. The shoots are yellowish-brown, with small buds. The [[leaf|leaves]] are spirally arranged, narrow, light green, 4-16&nbsp;cm long and 0.5-2&nbsp;cm broad, with finely serrate margins and long [[leaf shape|acuminate]] tips ; they turn a gold-yellow in autumn. The [[flower]]s are arranged in [[catkin]]s produced early in the spring; it is [[plant sexuality|dioecious]], with the male and female catkins on separate trees.<ref name=foc/><ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.</ref>
-| growth_habit = ?   <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
 {{Inc|
 '''''[[Salix]] babylonica'''.'' (syn. S. pendula). Napoleon's Willow. A tree of weeping habit, 30-40 ft. high, with long slender olive-green or purplish branches: buds small, acute: lvs. 2-6 in. long, attenuate at base and apex: aments appearing with the lvs., slender, the pistillate green, 1 in. long, caps. small. China.—Long known in cult. and often grown in cemeteries. Tender N. Var. annularis, Forbes, lvs. twisted back so as to form a sort of ring.
@@ Line 59: / Line 39: @@
 ==Cultivation==
-[[Image:Willow Salix babylonica.jpg|200px|thumb|Leaves of Peking Willow]]
 ===Propagation===
-{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
 ===Pests and diseases===
-{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
+It has also been introduced into many other areas, but has not generally been successfully cultivated outside China, being very short-lived and unsightly due to [[canker]] diseases in the more humid [[climate]]s in much of [[Europe]] and [[North America]]. It is particularly susceptible to [[canker]] disease, Willow Anthracnose (''Marssonina salicicola'') and sensitive to late-spring frosts.<ref name=bean4/><ref name=rdm>Meikle, R. D. (1984). ''Willows and Poplars of Great Britain and Ireland''. BSBI Handbook No. 4. ISBN 0-901158-07-0.</ref>
-==Species==
+Early Chinese [[cultivar]] selections include the original Weeping Willow ''Salix babylonica'' 'Pendula', in which the branches and twigs are strongly pendulous. However, most Weeping Willows outside China are [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrids]] between this cultivar, and either White Willow ''[[Salix alba]]'' ([[Salix Sepulcralis Group]]) or Crack Willow ''[[Salix fragilis]]'' (''Salix × pendulina'' Wenderoth), which are better adapted to the more humid climates of most heavily populated regions of Europe and North America. The most widely grown Weeping Willow cultivar is [[Salix Sepulcralis Group 'Chrysocoma']], with bright yellowish shoots.<ref name=bean4/><ref name=rdm/>
 ==Gallery==
-<gallery>
+<gallery perrow=5>
-Image:Upload.png| photo 1
+File:Saule pleureur chaton.jpg|Flower
-Image:Upload.png| photo 2
+Image:Willow Salix babylonica.jpg|Leaves
-Image:Upload.png| photo 3
+File:Salix babylonica2.jpg|Bark
 </gallery>
 ==References==
 *[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
 <!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
@@ Line 89: / Line 79: @@
 *{{wplink}}
-[[Category:Categorize]]
+{{stub}}
+__NOTOC__

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:48, 6 May 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{SPlantbox
		+	\|familia=Salicaceae
		+	\|genus=Salix
		+	\|species=babylonica
		+	\|common_name=Peking willow, Weeping willow
		+	\|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|habit=tree
		+	\|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|Max ht box=40
		+	\|Max ht metric=ft
		+	\|height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|Max wd box=35
		+	\|Max wd metric=ft
		+	\|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|lifespan=perennial
		+	\|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|exposure=sun
		+	\|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|Temp Metric=°F
		+	\|min_zone=5
		+	\|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|max_zone=10
		+	\|image=Upload.png
		+	\|image_width=240
		+	}}
	__NOTOC__{{Plantbox		__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
	\| name = ''Salix babylonica''		\| name = ''Salix babylonica''

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Inc|
+__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
-Salix babylonica, Linn. (S. pendula, Moench). Napoleon's Willow. Fig. 3527. A tree of weeping habit, 30-40 ft. high, with long slender olive-green or purplish branches: buds small, acute: lvs. 2-6 in. long, attenuate at base and apex: aments appearing with the lvs., slender, the pistillate green, 1 in. long, caps. small. China. Gn. 1, p. 371; 34, p. 527; 39, p. 73; 55, p. 92. S.H. 1:261. F.E. 19:574. G.W. 2, p. 31.—Long known in cult. and often grown in cemeteries. Tender N. Var. annularis, Forbes, lvs. twisted back so as to form a sort of ring.
+| name = ''Salix babylonica''
-}}
+| common_names = Peking Willow
+| growth_habit = ?   <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
-{{Taxobox
+| high = ?   <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
-| color = lightgreen
+| wide =     <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
-| name = Weeping willow
+| origin = China{{SCH}}
-| status = Threatened
+| poisonous =     <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
 | image = SalixBabylonica.jpg
-| image_width = 240px
+| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
 | image_caption = Peking Willows planted at [[Shijiazhuang]], south of [[Beijing]], China
-| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
+| regnum = Plantae
-| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
+| divisio = Magnoliophyta
-| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
+| classis = Magnoliopsida
-| ordo = [[Malpighiales]]
+| ordo = Malpighiales
-| familia = [[Salicaceae]]
+| familia = Salicaceae
-| genus = ''[[Willow|Salix]]''
+| genus = Salix
-| species = '''''S. babylonica'''''
+| species = babylonica
-| binomial = ''Salix babylonica''
+| subspecies =
-| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
+| cultivar =
 }}
-Many botanists treat the [[Chinese Willow]] ''Salix matsudana'' as a [[Synonymy|synonym]] of ''Salix babylonica''; it is also native to northern China. The only reported difference between the two is that ''S. matsudana'' has two [[nectar]]ies in each female flower, whereas ''S. babylonica'' has only one; however this character is not reliable in many willows (e.g. [[Crack Willow]] can have either one or two), so even this difference may mean nothing.
+==Cultivation==
-===Cultivation and uses===
+===Propagation===
-Peking Willow is a popular [[ornamental plant|ornamental tree]] in northern China, and is also grown for [[wood]] production and shelterbelts there, being particularly important around the [[oasis|oases]] of the [[Gobi Desert]] to protect agricultural land from desert winds.
+{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
-It has also been introduced into many other areas, but has not generally been successful in cultivation outside of China{{Fact|date=April 2007}}, being very short-lived and unsightly due to [[canker]] diseases in the more humid [[climate]]s in much of [[Europe]] and [[North America]]It is particularly susceptible to Willow Anthracnose ''Marssonina salicicola''.
+===Pests and diseases===
-Early Chinese [[cultivar]] selections include the original '''Weeping Willow''' ''Salix babylonica'' 'Pendula', in which the branches and twigs are strongly pendulous. However, most Weeping Willows outside of China are a [[hybrid]] between this cultivar and the [[White Willow]], which is better adapted to humid leaves.
+==Species==
-===Leaves===
+==Gallery==
-Peking Willow [[leaf|leaves]] are long and pointed. They have slight notches in the sides. The leaves turn a gold-yellow in  [[autumn]] and are alternate on the branches.
+{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
-===Reproductive Cycle===
+<gallery>
-The Peking or Weeping Willow, unlike other species of willow has an odd reproductive cycle. Though the willow's reproductive cycle will continue as long as the tree lives, any seeds produced after the tree reaches a certain age (usually between 38-47 years old) are infertile and cannot produce [[seedlings]].
+Image:Upload.png| photo 1
-This has caused many [[environmentalist]] to closely watch the weeping willow. Because even though they flourish in many areas, if new willows are not grown on a regular basis this amazing tree has a very real possibility of going [[extinct]].
+==References==
 ==External links==
-*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/saba2.htm ''Salix babylonica'' (weeping willow) images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]
+*{{wplink}}
-[[Category:Salicaceae|Willow, Peking]]
+[[Category:Categorize]]
-The Salix babylonica derives its name from Psalm 137 ("By the rivers of Babylon"), which laments the exile of the Israelites from their land, Israel, into a strange and unfriendly Babylonia.  According to the Psalm, they weep beneath the willow trees on the riverbanks of Babylonia, and thus, the weeping willow is named for one of the more famous places where people lamented beside it.
+<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:01, 1 May 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{Inc\|
		+	Salix babylonica, Linn. (S. pendula, Moench). Napoleon's Willow. Fig. 3527. A tree of weeping habit, 30-40 ft. high, with long slender olive-green or purplish branches: buds small, acute: lvs. 2-6 in. long, attenuate at base and apex: aments appearing with the lvs., slender, the pistillate green, 1 in. long, caps. small. China. Gn. 1, p. 371; 34, p. 527; 39, p. 73; 55, p. 92. S.H. 1:261. F.E. 19:574. G.W. 2, p. 31.—Long known in cult. and often grown in cemeteries. Tender N. Var. annularis, Forbes, lvs. twisted back so as to form a sort of ring.
		+	}}
		+
	{{Taxobox		{{Taxobox
	\| color = lightgreen		\| color = lightgreen