Pepper - Revision history

Raffi at 17:39, 1 November 2009

2009-11-01T17:39:34Z

Raffi at 22:35, 6 July 2009

2009-07-06T22:35:00Z

Kpdhage at 10:58, 6 July 2009

2009-07-06T10:58:38Z

Raffi at 05:03, 26 June 2009

2009-06-26T05:03:41Z

Raffi: /* Capsicum Cultivars */

2009-06-24T23:46:15Z

Capsicum Cultivars

Raffi: /* Varieties */

2009-06-24T23:46:02Z

Varieties

Raffi: /* Gallery */ added photos

2009-06-24T23:06:59Z

Gallery: added photos

Raffi at 23:02, 24 June 2009

2009-06-24T23:02:29Z

Raffi: sweet peppers

2009-03-23T20:56:52Z

sweet peppers

Raffi: some text, cleanup

2009-03-21T17:32:13Z

some text, cleanup

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 :''This page is for the ''Capsicum'' genus, including Green or Bell peppers and various Chili peppers, for others see [[list of peppers]]''
-__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
 Plants in this genus are known as Peppers (or Bell Peppers) in the US, Canada and United Kingdom{{wp}}, but as Capsicum elsewhere.  There are a very wide variety of sweet or hot peppers in the Capsicum genus, closely related, which have similar growing needs.  These include the sweet or Bell peppers (also known as Green peppers, though they come in a variety of colors), and hot chili peppers of many types, including tabasco, jalapeno, cayenne, habanero and many others.
@@ Line 208: / Line 201: @@
 *{{wplink}}
-{{stub}}
+__NOTOC__

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Inc|
 Pepper. With American horticulturists "pepper" usually means the red
@@ Line 68: / Line 111: @@
 smaller sorts, like Coral Gem, Tabasco, Chilli, Cayenne, and Cherry
 contain more of the pungent properties than the large kinds, like
-Ruby King (Fig. 2866), Squash, Bell, Sweet Mountain, and Golden
+Ruby King, Squash, Bell, Sweet Mountain, and Golden
 Queen. Some medium-sized varieties, like Long Red, Celestial, and
 Oxheart, are hot; others, like County Fair and Kaleidoscope, are
@@ Line 78: / Line 121: @@
 as tomatoes, cucumbers, and the like. Most gardens near large cities
 in the central and southern states have been growing a few to supply
-the local markets. During the last decade there has been a decided
+the local markets.
 In growing peppers, the seed is usually planted under glass in
@@ Line 116: / Line 132: @@
 heavily charged with humus and one that will not quickly dry out.
 appears to be the best. In May or June, or after all danger of frost
-is past, the plants (Fig. 2867) are set in the field in rows about 2
+is past, the plants are set in the field in rows about 2
 /2 feet apart and 18 inches apart in the rows. The ground is kept
 thoroughly cultivated, not only to keep down weeds but to maintain an
@@ Line 143: / Line 159: @@
 (Glaeosporium piperatum), which causes the fruit to rot about the
 time it begins to ripen; the other is a dark anthracnose
-(Colletotrichum nigrum ). In preparing peppers for table use, handle
+(Colletotrichum nigrum). In preparing peppers for table use, handle
 them with gloves to prevent burning the fingers. Neither soap nor
-water will soothe hands burned by peppers, but milk will
+water will soothe hands burned by peppers, but milk will.
 }}

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:58, 6 July 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{Inc\|
		+	Pepper. With American horticulturists "pepper" usually means the red
		+	pepper (Capsicum, which see) of which the green pepper is merely the
		+	unripe stage. The black and white pepper of commerce are treated
		+	under Piper.
		+
		+	The red pepper (Capsicum) is doubtless native of the New World, as
		+	there is no record of its having been known prior to the discovery of
		+	America. According to Irving's "Life of Columbus," this plant was
		+	first mentioned by Martyr in 1493, who says Columbus brought home
		+	"pepper more pungent than that from Caucasus," evidently comparing it
		+	with the black pepper of commerce from the oriental countries. It was
		+	cultivated by the natives in tropical and southern America before
		+	this time, and about a century later Gerarde speaks of its being
		+	brought into European gardens from Africa and southern Asia. The ease
		+	with which the plant spreads in warm latitudes, together with the
		+	increased commercial trade immediately following the discovery of
		+	America, doubtless caused a rapid dissemination through tropical Asia
		+	and Africa, where it was supposed by many to be indigenous and from
		+	there introduced into European gardens.
		+
		+	The first record of the use of pepper is apparently by Chauca,
		+	physician to the fleet of Columbus, who in 1494 alludes to it as a
		+	condiment. Writers about a century later considered it valuable as an
		+	aid to digestion and also mentioned its use in dressing meats,
		+	dyeing, and other purposes. Medicinally it was much used for various
		+	ailments, such as dropsy, colic, ague, and toothache, and when mixed
		+	with honey and applied externally was used as a remedy for quinsy. At
		+	a later date preparations were given for black vomit and various
		+	tropical feyers, and for a tonic, also for gout, paralysis and other
		+	diseases. Its modern use is largely as a condiment, forming a
		+	seasoning in almost every dish esten by the inhabitants of warm
		+	countries. The smaller varieties are mostly used for this purpose.
		+
		+	The cayenne pepper of commerce consists of the small pungent fruits
		+	reduced to a powder. The unground fruit is also made into pepper
		+	sauce of various brands by preserving in brine or strong vinegar. The
		+	Tabasco variety furnishes the well-known Tabasco pepper sauce and
		+	Tabasco catsup. "Chilli con carnie consists of the small pungent
		+	varieties finely ground and mixed with meat. These hot varieties are
		+	often eaten raw by native Mexicans, as are radishes, and also form an
		+	important ingredient of tomales so common in that country and fairly
		+	well known in the southern United States. The large thick-fleshed
		+	sweet varieties are desired more by persons farther north who use
		+	them in various ways,served like tomatoes in either ripe or green
		+	state, with vinegar and salt, or made into mangoes by cutting one
		+	side, removing seeds and filling with chow-chow pickles. The parts
		+	are then tied together,placed in jars with vinegar and kept until
		+	wanted. The fruit is often used in stuffing pitted olives after being
		+	cooked in olive oil. In Spain some are canned after being thus cooked
		+	and eaten with French salad dressing.
		+
		+	Paprika is a well-known Hungarian and Spanish condiment made from
		+	the long, and more or less pointed type of peppers. The Spanish
		+	paprika is much milder in flavor than the Hungarian, it being made
		+	from a less pungent pepper and doubtless in its preparation more of
		+	the seeds and placentae are removed, which process makes a milder
		+	condiment. The seed of peppers is more or less used as a bird food;
		+	and the plants of some varieties, like Little Gem and Celestial, are
		+	grown more especially for ornamental purposes.
		+
		+	Some thirty varieties are recorded by American seedsmen. They differ
		+	from one another mainly in the form and pungency of fruit and habit
		+	of growth. There are endless forms among peppers, but certain types
		+	are well fixed, as indicated by the botanical varieties under
		+	Capsicum. Pungency is to be found in all peppers and while located in
		+	the placentae, other parts may acquire it by contact. Most of the
		+	smaller sorts, like Coral Gem, Tabasco, Chilli, Cayenne, and Cherry
		+	contain more of the pungent properties than the large kinds, like
		+	Ruby King (Fig. 2866), Squash, Bell, Sweet Mountain, and Golden
		+	Queen. Some medium-sized varieties, like Long Red, Celestial, and
		+	Oxheart, are hot; others, like County Fair and Kaleidoscope, are
		+	mild.
		+
		+	Peppers are classed as one of the minor vegetables in that they have
		+	not been grown in large quantities in any one locality and the
		+	aggregate production is smaller than the so-called truck crops, such
		+	as tomatoes, cucumbers, and the like. Most gardens near large cities
		+	in the central and southern states have been growing a few to supply
		+	the local markets. During the last decade there has been a decided
		+	increase m acreage. The census report for 1900 gives no report of
		+	production of peppers, but for 1910 there were recorded for the
		+	United States, 1,641 farms containing 3,483 acres, valued at
		+	$408,741, an average of $117.47 an acre. Four states with the largest
		+	acreage are:
		+
		+	No. of farms Aver.area Aver. value
		+	Acres a farm Value an acre
		+
		+	New Jersey 822 1,882 2.29 $149,433 $79 40
		+
		+	California 55 417 7.56 52,294 124 92
		+
		+	Florida 143 296 2.07 94,246 318 40
		+
		+	New Merico 266 260 0.97 17,228 66 26
		+
		+	This record ignores quantities of less than an acre with the evident
		+	exception of New Mexico, which averages .03 less than 1 acre to a
		+	farm.
		+
		+	It is estimated that approximately 4,000,000 pounds of paprika were
		+	imported each year during the last three or four years. The United
		+	States Department of Agriculture has demonstrated that this product
		+	can be profitably produced in the South, but if the consumption is
		+	limited to the above figure the acreage must continue to be very
		+	limited.
		+
		+	In growing peppers, the seed is usually planted under glass in
		+	February or March, and the young plants transplanted to pots or boxes
		+	when of sufficient size to handle. From twelve to twenty days are
		+	required for the seed to germinate, the time varying according to the
		+	age of the seed and the manner in which it has been kept. Its
		+	germinating power is said to last four years, and if kept in pods
		+	until sown will grow when six or seven years old. A light warm soil,
		+	heavily charged with humus and one that will not quickly dry out.
		+	appears to be the best. In May or June, or after all danger of frost
		+	is past, the plants (Fig. 2867) are set in the field in rows about 2
		+	1/2 feet apart and 18 inches apart in the rows. The ground is kept
		+	thoroughly cultivated, not only to keep down weeds but to maintain an
		+	even but not excessive moisture at all times, which is very essential
		+	for best results in growing this plant. By keeping the soil well
		+	worked up around the plants, they stand up much better against the
		+	winds and weight of their own fruit. Pruning or pinching the tip ends
		+	after the fruit begins to mature is occasionally recommended, but is
		+	rarely practised except when specimens of especially fine fruit are
		+	desired, in which case the fruit is thinned, leaving only a few on
		+	each plant of the larger sorts. In gathering, the fruit should not be
		+	torn off but cut with a knife or scissors, leaving at least 1 inch of
		+	stem. The usual vegetable crate is used for packing and marketing the
		+	crop.
		+
		+	Insects rarely injure peppers growing in the field. The pepper weevil
		+	(Anthonomus eugenii) has done some damage to crops in the South. It
		+	is said to be easily kept in control by gathering and destroying
		+	infested pods. Tomato-worm, bollworm, white-fly and Colorado
		+	potato-beetle sometimes attack the plant, but seldom do noticeable
		+	injury. Red-epider and green-fly (aphis) frequently attack plants
		+	growing under glass. The red- spider may be kept in check by
		+	repeatedly syringing with water, and the green-fly may be killed by
		+	fumigating with tobacco dust. Two fungous diseases frequently occur
		+	on the large varieties growing outdoors. One is a pink anthracnose
		+	(Glaeosporium piperatum), which causes the fruit to rot about the
		+	time it begins to ripen; the other is a dark anthracnose
		+	(Colletotrichum nigrum ). In preparing peppers for table use, handle
		+	them with gloves to prevent burning the fingers. Neither soap nor
		+	water will soothe hands burned by peppers, but milk will
		+	H.C. Irish.
		+	}}
		+
	:''This page is for the ''Capsicum'' genus, including Green or Bell peppers and various Chili peppers, for others see [[list of peppers]]''		:''This page is for the ''Capsicum'' genus, including Green or Bell peppers and various Chili peppers, for others see [[list of peppers]]''
	__NOTOC__{{Plantbox		__NOTOC__{{Plantbox

@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 {{Inc|
 Capsicum (name of uncertain origin, perhaps from kapto, to bite, on account of the pungency of the seed or pericarp; or from capsa, a chest, having reference to the form of fruit). Solanaceae. Red Pepper. Cayenne Pepper. Herbs or shrubs, originally from tropical America, but escaped from cultivation in Old World tropics, where it was once supposed to be indigenous.
@@ Line 75: / Line 76: @@
 Image:Thai peppers.jpg| Thai peppers
 Image:HotPeppersinMarket.jpg|Scotch bonnet peppers
 </gallery>

@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 Jalapeno, Chili, Cayenne, Habanero, etc.
-===Capsicum Cultivars===
+===Cultivars===
 [[List of capsicum cultivars|Capsicum Cultivars]]
 *[[Capsicum annuum|C. annuum]] - [[Aleppo pepper|Aleppo]] {{·}} [[Anaheim pepper|Anaheim]] {{·}} [[Ancho]] {{·}} [[Bell pepper]] {{·}} [[Cascabel chili|Cascabel]] {{·}} [[Cayenne pepper|Cayenne]] {{·}} [[Chilaca]] {{·}} [[Chiltepin pepper|Chiltepin]] {{·}} [[Cubanelle]] {{·}} [[Chile de arbol|De árbol]] {{·}} [[Dundicut]] {{·}} [[Fresno (Chili pepper)|Fresno]] {{·}} [[Guajillo chili|Guajillo]] {{·}} [[Hungarian wax pepper|Hungarian wax]] {{·}} [[Italian sweet pepper|Italian sweet]] {{·}} [[Jalapeño]] {{·}} [[Japanese chili pepper|Japanese]] {{·}} [[Mirasol pepper|Mirasol]] {{·}} [[Macho chili|Macho]] {{·}} [[Mulato pepper|Mulato]] {{·}} [[New Mexico pepper|New Mexico (Anaheim)]] {{·}} [[Pasilla]] {{·}} [[Pepperoncini]] {{·}} [[Pequin pepper|Piquín]] {{·}} [[Pimento]] {{·}} [[Poblano]] {{·}} [[Puya chili|Puya]] {{·}} [[Serrano pepper|Serrano]] {{·}} [[Tien Tsin (Pepper)|Tien Tsin]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:46, 24 June 2009
Line 57:		Line 57:

	===Hot peppers===		===Hot peppers===
		+	Jalapeno, Chili, Cayenne, Habanero, etc.
		+
		+	===Capsicum Cultivars===
		+	[[List of capsicum cultivars\|Capsicum Cultivars]]
		+	*[[Capsicum annuum\|C. annuum]] - [[Aleppo pepper\|Aleppo]] {{·}} [[Anaheim pepper\|Anaheim]] {{·}} [[Ancho]] {{·}} [[Bell pepper]] {{·}} [[Cascabel chili\|Cascabel]] {{·}} [[Cayenne pepper\|Cayenne]] {{·}} [[Chilaca]] {{·}} [[Chiltepin pepper\|Chiltepin]] {{·}} [[Cubanelle]] {{·}} [[Chile de arbol\|De árbol]] {{·}} [[Dundicut]] {{·}} [[Fresno (Chili pepper)\|Fresno]] {{·}} [[Guajillo chili\|Guajillo]] {{·}} [[Hungarian wax pepper\|Hungarian wax]] {{·}} [[Italian sweet pepper\|Italian sweet]] {{·}} [[Jalapeño]] {{·}} [[Japanese chili pepper\|Japanese]] {{·}} [[Mirasol pepper\|Mirasol]] {{·}} [[Macho chili\|Macho]] {{·}} [[Mulato pepper\|Mulato]] {{·}} [[New Mexico pepper\|New Mexico (Anaheim)]] {{·}} [[Pasilla]] {{·}} [[Pepperoncini]] {{·}} [[Pequin pepper\|Piquín]] {{·}} [[Pimento]] {{·}} [[Poblano]] {{·}} [[Puya chili\|Puya]] {{·}} [[Serrano pepper\|Serrano]] {{·}} [[Tien Tsin (Pepper)\|Tien Tsin]]
		+	*[[Capsicum chinense\|C. chinense]] - [[Adjuma]] {{·}} Ají Limo {{·}} [[Ají dulce]] {{·}} [[Datil pepper\|Datil]] {{·}} [[Fatalii]] {{·}} [[Habanero chile\|Habanero]] {{·}} [[Red Savina pepper\|Red Savina]] {{·}} [[Madame Jeanette]] {{·}} [[Naga Jolokia pepper\|Naga Jolokia]] {{·}} [[Scotch bonnet (pepper)\|Scotch bonnet]]
		+	*[[Capsicum frutescens\|C. frutescens]] - [[African birdseye]] {{·}} [[Malagueta pepper\|Malagueta]] {{·}} [[Thai pepper\|Thai pepper]] {{·}} [[Tabasco pepper\|Tabasco]] {{·}} Demon Red
		+	*[[Capsicum baccatum\|C baccatum]] - [[Ají pepper\|Ají]] {{·}} [[Peppadew\|Piquanté]]
		+	*[[Capsicum pubescens\|C. pubescens]] - [[Rocoto]]

	==Gallery==		==Gallery==

@@ Line 62: / Line 62: @@
 <gallery>
-Image:Upload.png| photo 1
+Image:Cubanelle Peppers.jpg| Cubanelle Peppers
-Image:Upload.png| photo 2
+Image:Large Cayenne.jpg| Cayenne
-Image:Upload.png| photo 3
+Image:Thai peppers.jpg| Thai peppers
 </gallery>

@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 | cultivar =
 }}
-There are a very wide variety of sweet or hot peppers in the Capsicum genus, closely related, which have similar growing needs.  These include the sweet or Bell peppers (also known as Green peppers, though they come in a variety of colors), and hot chili peppers of many types, including tabasco, jalapeno, cayenne, habanero and many others.
+Plants in this genus are known as Peppers (or Bell Peppers) in the US, Canada and United Kingdom{{wp}}, but as Capsicum elsewhere.  There are a very wide variety of sweet or hot peppers in the Capsicum genus, closely related, which have similar growing needs.  These include the sweet or Bell peppers (also known as Green peppers, though they come in a variety of colors), and hot chili peppers of many types, including tabasco, jalapeno, cayenne, habanero and many others.
 Pepper plants are attractive small bushes, ranging from under a foot, to 4 feet tall{{SSN}} depending on the variety.  The leaves are a deep, shiny green, which the ripening peppers can add color to.  The cultivation of the plants is the same, regardless of variety, size, color, sweetness or spiciness.  Can be planted as an informal border, in pots, or in the vegetable garden.
@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 Sweet peppers never get hot, even if the flesh ripens to a red.
 ==Cultivation==

@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 }}
 There are a very wide variety of sweet or hot peppers in the Capsicum genus, closely related, which have similar growing needs.  These include the sweet or Bell peppers (also known as Green peppers, though they come in a variety of colors), and hot chili peppers of many types, including tabasco, jalapeno, cayenne, habanero and many others.
 ==Cultivation==
@@ Line 42: / Line 48: @@
 ==Varieties==
 ==Gallery==

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 | common_names = Green pepper, Bell, Chili, Cayane, Habanero, etc, etc.
 | growth_habit = herbaceous shrub
-| high =     <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
+| high = ?cm (8in. to 4 ft{{SSN}})
 | wide =     <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
-| origin =     <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
+| origin = Americas
 | poisonous =     <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
 | lifespan = perennial grown as annual
@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 | cultivar =
 }}
-{{edit-desc}}<!--- Type GENERAL genus/plant description below this line, then delete this entire line -->
+There are a very wide variety of sweet or hot peppers in the Capsicum genus, closely related, which have similar growing needs.  These include the sweet or Bell peppers (also known as Green peppers, though they come in a variety of colors), and hot chili peppers of many types, including tabasco, jalapeno, cayenne, habanero and many others.
 ==Cultivation==
 {{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
@@ Line 58: / Line 41: @@
 {{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
-==Species==
+==Varieties==
 ==Gallery==