Philodendron - Revision history

Raffi at 21:13, 9 July 2009

2009-07-09T21:13:54Z

Kpdhage at 20:00, 8 July 2009

2009-07-08T20:00:57Z

Raffi at 05:57, 28 March 2007

2007-03-28T05:57:06Z

New page

{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Philodendrons
| image = Philodendron01.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = Tree Philodendron (''Philodendron bipinnatifidum''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Alismatales]]
| familia = [[Araceae]]
| subfamilia = Aroideae
| tribus = Philodendreae
| genus = '''''Philodendron'''
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
See text.
}}

'''Philodendron''' [[Heinrich Wilhelm Schott|Schott]] 1832, is a large genus of [[flowering plant]]s from the arum family ([[Araceae]]), consisting of 700 or more species. Taxonomically it is still poorly known with many undescribed species. Many are grown as ornamental and indoor plants. The name derives from the [[Greek (language)|Greek]] philo or "love" and dendron or "tree".

Philodendron species can be found in diverse habitats in tropical [[United States|America]] and the [[West Indies]]. Most occur in humid tropical forests, but also in swamps, on river banks, roadsides and rock outcrops. They are shrubs and small trees, most of which are capable of clambering over other plants, or climbing the trunks of other [[tree]]s with the aid of aerial roots.

Leaves are usually large and imposing, often lobed or deeply cut, and may be more or less [[pinnate]]. They are borne alternately on the stem. The flower [[spathe]] may be borne terminally on a stem, or in a leaf [[axil]]. They are often fragrant.

All parts of the plant are poisonous, due to the presence of [[calcium oxalate]] crystals.

== Species ==
This large genus is subdivided into several sections and subsections :

Section Baursia, section Philopsammos, section Philodendron (subsections Achyropodium, Canniphyllium, Macrolonchium, Philodendron, Platypodium, Psoropodium and Solenosterigma), section Calostigma (subsections Bulaoana, Eucardium, Glossophyllum, Macrobelium and Oligocarpidium), section Tritomophyllum, section Schizophyllum, section Polytomium, section Macrogynium and section Camptogynium.

* ''Philodendron acutatum'' Schott
* ''Philodendron adamantinum'' Mart. ex Schott
* ''Philodendron alliodorum'' Croat & Grayum
* ''Philodendron auriculatum'' Standl. & L. O. Williams
* ''Philodendron bipennifolium'' Schott
* ''Philodendron bipinnatifidum'' Schott ex Endl. - Tree Philodendron
* ''Philodendron black cardinal'"
* ''Philodendron consanguineum'' Schott - Rascagarganta
* ''Philodendron cordatum'' (Vell.) Kunth - Heartleaf Philodendron
* ''Philodendron crassinervium'' Lindl.
* ''Philodendron davidsonii'' Croat
* ''Philodendron devansayeanum'' L. Linden
* ''Philodendron domesticum'' G. S. Bunting
* ''Philodendron ensifolium'' Croat & Grayum
* ''Philodendron erubescens'' K. Koch & Augustin
* ''Philodendron eximium'' Schott
* ''Philodendron fragrantissimum''
* ''Philodendron ferrugineum'' Croat
* ''Philodendron giganteum'' Schott - Giant Philodendron
* ''Philodendron glaucophyllum''
* ''Philodendron gloriosum'' André
* ''Philodendron hederaceum'' (Jacq.) Schott - Vilevine
* ''Philodendron hederaceum'' var. oxycardium (Schott) Croat
* ''Philodendron herbaceum'' Croat & Grayum
[[Image:Philodendron03.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Philodendron'' sp. - habit]]
* ''Philodendron imbe'' Schott ex Endl. - Philodendron
* ''Philodendron jacquinii'' Schott
* ''Philodendron lacerum'' (Jacq.) Schott
* ''Philodendron lingulatum'' (L.) K. Koch - Treelover
* ''Philodendron mamei'' André
* ''Philodendron marginatum'' Urban - Puerto Rico Philodendron
* ''Philodendron martianum'' Engl.
* ''Philodendron melanochrysum'' Linden & André
* ''Philodendron microstictum'' Standl. & L. O. Williams
* ''Philodendron mayoii'' Symon Mayo
* ''Philodendron opacum'' Croat & Grayum
* ''Philodendron ornatum'' Schott
* ''Philodendron pedatum'' (Hook.) Kunth
* ''Philodendron panduriforme''
* ''Philodendron pinnatifidum'' (Jacq.) Schott
* ''Philodendron radiatum'' Schott
* ''Philodendron recurvifolium'' Schott
* ''Philodendron renauxii'' Reitz
* ''Philodendron robustum'' Schott
* ''Philodendron sagittifolium'' Liebm.
* ''Philodendron santa leopol
dina'' Liebm.
* ''Philodendron sodiroi'' Hort. Cf. Gard. Chron. (1883) I. 510
* ''Philodendron speciosum'' Schott
* ''Philodendron sphalerum'' Schott
* ''Philodendron squamiferum'' Poepp.
* ''Philodendron standleyi'' Grayum
* ''Philodendron tripartitum'' (Jacq.) Schott
* ''Philodendron verrucosum'' L. Mathieu ex Schott
* ''Philodendron warscewiczii'' K. Koch & C. D. Bouché
* ''Philodendron wendlandii'' Schott

== Reference ==
*[http://www.aroid.org/genera/Philodendron/philowel.htm The genus Philodendron]

[[Category:Araceae]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Inc|
 Philodendron (Greek compound for tree-loving). Araceae. Shrubby or tree-like ornamental plants, usually climbing, rarely arboreous.
@@ Line 5: / Line 34: @@
 Only a few philodendrons can be grown to have an ornamental appearance in a small state. One which goes under the name of P. elegantissimum, with finely cut leaves, makes a good pot specimen, although it will reach considerable height when suitable opportunities are afforded. The same may be said of P. Selloum, a beautiful species with pinnatind leaves. The arborescent kinds should have a very porous rooting medium and copious supplies of water while in active growth. When climbing, they must have provision made for the roots, which are produced along the stems. Some of the species do well climbing up the stems of tall palms, such as arenga and livistona; otherwise dead trunks of tree ferns make admirable rooting substances for the roots to penetrate and cling to. Propagation is by division of the climbing stems. P. elegantissimum is an unidentified trade name.
+{{SCH}}
 }}
-{{Taxobox
+==Cultivation==
-| color = lightgreen
+{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
-Philodendron species can be found in diverse habitats in tropical [[United States|America]] and the [[West Indies]]. Most occur in humid tropical forests, but also in swamps, on river banks, roadsides and rock outcrops.  They are shrubs and small trees, most of which are capable of clambering over other plants, or climbing the trunks of other [[tree]]s with the aid of aerial roots.
+===Propagation===
+{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
-All parts of the plant are poisonous, due to the presence of [[calcium oxalate]] crystals.
+===Pests and diseases===
-== Species ==
+==Species==
-This large genus is subdivided into several sections and subsections :
+This large genus is subdivided into several sections and subsections{{wp}}:
-Section Baursia, section Philopsammos, section Philodendron (subsections Achyropodium, Canniphyllium, Macrolonchium, Philodendron, Platypodium, Psoropodium and Solenosterigma), section Calostigma (subsections Bulaoana, Eucardium,  Glossophyllum, Macrobelium and Oligocarpidium), section Tritomophyllum, section Schizophyllum, section  Polytomium, section Macrogynium and section Camptogynium.
+Section Baursia, section Philopsammos, section Philodendron (subsections Achyropodium, Canniphyllium, Macrolonchium, Philodendron, Platypodium, Psoropodium and Solenosterigma), section Calostigma (subsections Bulaoana, Eucardium,  Glossophyllum, Macrobelium and Oligocarpidium), section Tritomophyllum, section Schizophyllum, section  Polytomium, section Macrogynium and section Camptogynium.{{wp}}
 * ''Philodendron acutatum'' Schott
@@ Line 101: / Line 108: @@
 * ''Philodendron wendlandii'' Schott
-== Reference ==
+{{Inc|
-*[http://www.aroid.org/genera/Philodendron/philowel.htm The genus Philodendron]
+P. calophyllum, Brongn. (P. nobile, Bull, in part). Lvs. tufted, 2-3 ft. long, 5-6 in. broad at middle, linear-oblong, acuminate, shining above, the costa very thick at base, with linear depressions: spathe pale yellowish green outside, inside bright carmine with white margin. N. Brazil. B.M. 7827. — P. cannifolium, Lvs. thick, coriaceous, oblong, shining above, the costa semi-terete: spathe cymbiform, green outside, purple, green and white inside. Brazil. P. Corsonianum, Makoy. Lvs. 1 1/4-2 1/4 feet long, 11-18 in. broad, shortly pinnatifid, deep green above, beneath purple with green veins: spathe with a purple-crimson spotted tube, the limb light green with red spots outside, the inside carmine with darker spots. Hybrid. — P. Devansayeanum is a scandent species with rather small glossy green leaves which, even to the petioles, are blood-red when young. Peru --P. Duvivieri, Hort. Lvs. broadly and deeply lobed . Brazil.  -- P. erubescens, C. Koch. Climbing: lvs. elongated ovate-triangular, 6-8 in. long, 4-6 in. wide: spathe black-purple. --P. Glaziovii is a climber something like P. crassinervium: lvs. oblong-acute, deep green, 12-18 in. long, 3-5 in. broad: spathe open, yellowish, crimson within the tube. Brazil. B.M. 6813. — P. Ilsemanii, Hort. Lvs. oblong, cordate, dark green, splashed or marbled with white, and sometimes tinged rose-pink. G.C. III. 43:289. — P. imperiale is mentioned in European trade-lists. Engler accounts for only one P. imperiale (of Schott) and that he makes a synonym of P. asperatum, Koch. Sander & Co. advertise P. imperiale var. Laucheana: "a lovely trailing stove foliage plant, which is admirably adapted for growing on pillars or wire shapes. It is quite distinct from and greatly superior to the well-known P. imperiale. The habit is much more graceful, the heart-shaped foliage smaller and more elegant. Down the center, from either side of me broad light green midrib, extend irregular blotches of dark green, projecting into a clear glaucous color, the edges of which are relieved by green blotches. The bases of the petioles bear bright red and green phyllodes." P. asperatum is a short-jointed climbing Brazilian species with cordate-ovate entire dull green lvs. — P. Mamei, Andre. Lvs. cordate-ovate, acute, variegated with white: spathe partly open above and whitish, the tube blood-red. Ecuador. R.H. 1883, p. 104 and 492; 1897, p. 573. I.H. 43:66. — P. pertusum is Monstera deliciosa. — P. Simsii, Kunth. Lvs. coriaceous, elongated triangular-sagittate. long-cuspidate, up to 20 in. long: spathe outside black-purple on the tube, yellowish on the limb. Guiana. B.M. 2643. — P. tripartitum, Schott. (Anthurium insigne, Mast.}. Lvs. 3- parted, 6-7 in. long: spathe-tube oblong, the blade whitish, ovate, shortly acuminate. Venezuela. — P. Warscewiezii, C. Koch. Lvs. triangular-sagittate, bipinnatifid, primrose, the lateral primary segms. 5-8 in. long. Cent. Amer.
-[[Category:Araceae]]
+<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:00, 8 July 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{Inc\|
		+	Philodendron (Greek compound for tree-loving). Araceae. Shrubby or tree-like ornamental plants, usually climbing, rarely arboreous.
		+
		+	Internodes more or less elongated: lvs. from entire to bipinnatifid: fls. monoecious, on spadices, with no perianth, the sterile with 2-6 stamens united into a sessile obpyramidal body, the pistillate fls. with a 2-10- loculed ovary and some staminodia, the berries inclosed in the involute spathe.—The species are all Trop. American. They are monographed by Engler in Das Pflanzenrich, hft. 60 (IV. 23 Dd) 1913, who accepts 222 species. Some of them are prominent in tropical plantings.
		+
		+	Only a few philodendrons can be grown to have an ornamental appearance in a small state. One which goes under the name of P. elegantissimum, with finely cut leaves, makes a good pot specimen, although it will reach considerable height when suitable opportunities are afforded. The same may be said of P. Selloum, a beautiful species with pinnatind leaves. The arborescent kinds should have a very porous rooting medium and copious supplies of water while in active growth. When climbing, they must have provision made for the roots, which are produced along the stems. Some of the species do well climbing up the stems of tall palms, such as arenga and livistona; otherwise dead trunks of tree ferns make admirable rooting substances for the roots to penetrate and cling to. Propagation is by division of the climbing stems. P. elegantissimum is an unidentified trade name.
		+
		+	P. calophyllum, Brongn. (P. nobile, Bull, in part). Lvs. tufted, 2-3 ft. long, 5-6 in. broad at middle, linear-oblong, acuminate, shining above, the costa very thick at base, with linear depressions: spathe pale yellowish green outside, inside bright carmine with white margin. N. Brazil. B.M. 7827. — P. canni ' .' I B. thick, coriaceous, oblong, shining above, the ...spathe cymbiform, green outside, purple, green...a. Brazil. P. Corsonianum, Makoy. Lvs. 1 1/4-2 ' ' '8 in. broad, shortly pinnatiftd, deep green above ....with green veins: spathe with a purple-crimsol...limb fight green with red spots outside, the ....darker spots. Hybrid. B.M. 8172. — P. Devansa scandent species with rather small glossy green the petioles, are blood-red when young...P. Duvivieri, Hort. Lvs. broadly and deeply 'crubescens, C. Koch. Climbing: lvs. elongated ov-......in. long, 4-6 in. wide: spathe black-purple. P...is a climber something like P. crassinervium: i. deep green, 12-18 in. long, 3-5 in. broad: spat
		+	crimson within the tube. Brazil. B.M. 6813. — P. /Ilsemanii, Hort. Lvs. oblong, cordate, dark green, splashed or marbled with white, and sometimes tinged rose-pink. G.C. III. 43:289. — P. imperiale is mentioned in European trade-lists. Engler accounts for only one P. imperiale (of Schott) and that he makes a synonym of P. asperatum, Koch. Sander & Co. advertise P. imperiale var. Laucheana: "a lovely trailing stove foliage plant, which is admirably adapted for growing on pillars or wire shapes. It is quite distinct from and greatly superior to the well-known P. imperiale. The habit is much more graceful, the heart-shaped foliage smaller and more elegant. Down the center, from either side of me broad light green midrib, extend irregular blotches of dark green, projecting into a clear glaucous color, the edges of which are relieved by green blotches. The bases of the petioles bear bright red and green phyl-lodes." P. asperatum is a short-jointed climbing Brazilian species with cordate-ovate entire dull green lvs. — P. Mamei, Andre. Lvs. cordate-ovate, acute, variegated with white: spathe partly open above and whitish, the tube blood-red. Ecuador. R.H. 1883, p. 104 and 492; 1897, p. 573. I.H. 43:66. — P. pertusum is Monstera deliciosa. — P. Simsii, Kunth. Lvs. coriaceous, elongated triangular-sagittate. long-cuspidate, up to 20 in. long: spathe outside black-purple on the tube, yellowish on the limb. Guiana. B.M. 2643. — P. tripartitum, Schott. (Anthurium insigne, Mast.}. Lvs. 3- parted, 6-7 in. long: spathe-tube oblong, the blade whitish, ovate, shortly acuminate. Venezuela. — P. Warscewiezii, C. Koch. Lvs. triangular-sagittate, bipinnatifid, primrose, the lateral primary segms. 5-8 in. long. Cent. Amer. G.W. 10. p. 211. Gt. 59, p. 23.
		+
		+	George V. NASH.
		+	}}
		+
	{{Taxobox		{{Taxobox
	\| color = lightgreen		\| color = lightgreen