Raffi: Created page with 'There are three main subgenera of '''''Pinus''''', the subgenus '''''Strobus''''' ('''White pines''' or soft pines), the subgenus '''''Ducampopinus''''' ([[Pinyon pine|P…'

2009-11-01T17:53:25Z

Created page with 'There are three main subgenera of '''''Pinus''''', the subgenus '''''Strobus''''' ('''White pines''' or soft pines), the subgenus '''''Ducampopinus''''' ([[Pinyon pine|P…'

New page

There are three main subgenera of [[Pine|'''''Pinus''''']], the subgenus '''''Strobus''''' ('''White pines''' or soft pines), the subgenus '''''Ducampopinus''''' ([[Pinyon pine|Pinyon]], [[Bristlecone pine|Bristlecone]] and Lacebark pines), and the subgenus '''''Pinus''''' ('''Typical pines''', or yellow or hard pines). This classification into the three subgenera is based on cone, seed and leaf characters:

* '''Subgenus ''Strobus''''' Scale without a sealing band. Umbo terminal. Seedwings adnate. One fibrovascular bundle per leaf.
* '''Subgenus ''Ducampopinus''''' Scale without a sealing band. Umbo dorsal. Seedwings articulate. One fibrovascular bundle per leaf.
* '''Subgenus ''Pinus''''' Scale with a sealing band. Umbo dorsal. Seedwings articulate. Two fibrovascular bundles per leaf.

Notice that in many respects, subgenus ''Ducampopinus'' is intermediate between (and possibly ancestral to) the other two subgenera. In many classifications, it is combined into subgenus ''Strobus'', but it could with equal justification have been included in subgenus ''Pinus'' (as was done in an early classification by the [[California]]n botanist [[J G Lemmon]] in 1888), yet it does not sit comfortably in either so is best treated as a third subgenus in its own right. In general, cone and cone scale and seed morphology and leaf fascicle and sheath morphology are emphasized and this seems to result in a classification that has subsections of pines that are understandable and usually readily recognized by their general appearance. Pines with one fibrovascular bundle per leaf, i.e. subgenera ''Strobus'' and ''Ducampopinus'', are known as ''haploxylon pines'', while pines with two fibrovascular bundles per leaf, i.e. subgenus ''Pinus'', are called ''diploxylon pines''. Diploxylon pines tend to have harder timber and more amounts of resin than the haploxylon pines.

==''Pinus'' Classification==
===Subgenus ''Strobus:'' white or soft pines===
* Section ''Quinquefoliae'' (section ''Strobus):'' white pines
** Subsection ''Strobi:'' North America, Central America, Europe and Asia
***''P. amamiana'' - [[Yakushima White Pine]]
***''P. armandii'' - [[Chinese White Pine]]
***''P. ayacahuite'' - [[Mexican White Pine]]
***''P. bhutanica'' - [[Bhutan White Pine]]
***''P. chiapensis'' - [[Chiapas Pine]]
***''P. dabeshanensis'' - [[Dabieshan Pine]]
***''P. dalatensis'' - [[Vietnamese White Pine]]
***''P. eremitana'' - [[North Vietnamese White Pine]]
***''P. fenzeliana'' - [[Hainan White Pine]]
***''P. flexilis'' - [[Limber Pine]]
***''P. lambertiana'' - [[Sugar Pine]]
***''P. morrisonicola'' - [[Taiwan White Pine]]
***''P. monticola'' - [[Western White Pine]]
***''P. orthophylla'' - ''[[Pinus orthophylla]]''
***''P. parviflora'' - [[Japanese White Pine]]
***''P. peuce'' - [[Macedonian Pine]]
***''P. reflexa'' - [[Southwestern White Pine]]
***''P. strobiformis'' - [[Chihuahua White Pine]]
***''P. strobus'' - [[Eastern White Pine]]
***''P. stylesii'' - ''[[Pinus stylesii]]''
***''P. wallichiana'' - [[Blue Pine]]
***''P. wangii'' - [[Guangdong White Pine]]
** Subsection ''Cembrae:'' Europe, northern Asia, western North America
***''P. albicaulis'' - [[Whitebark Pine]]
***''P. cembra'' - [[Swiss Pine]]
***''P. koraiensis'' - [[Korean Pine]]
***''P. sibirica'' - [[Siberian Pine]]
***''P. pumila'' - [[Siberian Dwarf Pine]]

===Subgenus ''Ducampopinus:'' Pinyon, Lacebark and Foxtail Pines===
* '''Section ''Parrya'''''
**'''Subsection ''Nelsonianae''''' - northeastern Mexico
***''P. nelsonii'' - [[Nelson's Pinyon]]
**'''Subsection ''Krempfianae''''' - Vietnam
***''P. krempfii'' [[Krempf's Pine]]
**'''Subsection ''Gerardianae''''' - Lacebark pines, Central Asia
***''P. bungeana'' - [[Lacebark Pine]]
***''P. gerardiana'' - [[Chilgoza Pine]]
***''P. squamata'' - [[Qiaojia Pine]]
**'''Subsection ''Rzedowskianae''''' - big-cone pinyons, Mexico
***''P. maximartinezii'' - [[Big-cone Pinyon]]
***''P. pinceana'' - [[Weeping Pinyon]]
***''P. rzedowskii'' - [[Rzedowski's Pinyon]]
**'''Subsection ''Cembroides''''' - Pinyons (Piñons), Mexico, southwest United States
***''P. cembroides'' - [[Mexican Pinyon]]
***''P. culminicola'' - [[Potosi Pinyon]]
***''P. discolor'' - [[Border Pinyon]]
***''P. edulis'' - [[Colorado Pinyon]]
***''P. johannis'' - [[Johann's Pinyon]]
***''P. monophylla'' - [[Single-leaf Pinyon]]
***''P. orizabensis'' - [[Orizaba Pinyon]]
***''P. quadrifolia'' - [[Parry Pinyon]]
***''P. remota'' - [[Texas Pinyon]] or Papershell Pinyon
**'''Subsection ''Balfourianae''''' - Foxtail pines, southwest United States
***''P. aristata'' - [[Rocky Mountains Bristlecone Pine]]
***''P. balfouriana'' - [[Foxtail Pine]]
***''P. longaeva'' - [[Great Basin Bristlecone Pine]]

===Subgenus ''Pinus'' - yellow or hard pines===
* '''Section ''Pinus''''' - mostly in Europe, Asia, except for ''P. resinosa'' in northeast [[North America]] and ''P. tropicalis'' in [[Cuba]].'''
** '''Subsection ''Pinus'''''
***''P. densata'' - [[Sikang Pine]]
***''P. densiflora'' - [[Japanese Red Pine]]
***''P. fragilissima'' - ''[[Pinus fragilissima]]''
***''P. heldreichii'' - [[Bosnian Pine]]
***''P. henryi'' - ''[[Pinus henryi]]'
***''P. hwangshanensis'' - [[Huangshan Pine]]
***''P. kesiya'' - [[Khasi Pine]]
***''P. luchuensis'' - [[Luchu Pine]]
***''P. massoniana'' - [[Masson's Pine]]
***''P. mugo'' - [[Mountain Pine]]
***''P. nigra'' - [[European Black Pine]]
***''P. resinosa'' - [[Red Pine]]
***''P. sylvestris'' - [[Scots Pine]]
***''P. tabuliformis'' - [[Chinese Red Pine]]
***''P. taiwanensis'' - [[Taiwan Red Pine]]
***''P. thunbergii'' - [[Japanese Black Pine]]
***''P. tropicalis'' - [[Tropical Pine]]
***''P. yunnanensis'' - [[Yunnan Pine]]
*'''Section ''Pinea''''' - [[Mediterranean Basin|Mediterranean]] pines
**'''Subsection ''Pineae'''''
***''P. pinea'' - [[Stone Pine]]
**'''Subsection ''Pinaster'''''
***''P. brutia'' - [[Turkish Pine]]
***''P. canariensis'' - [[Canary Island Pine]]
***''P. halepensis'' - [[Aleppo Pine]]
***''P. latteri'' - [[Tenasserim Pine]]
***''P. merkusii'' - [[Sumatran Pine]]
***''P. pinaster'' - [[Maritime Pine]]
***''P. roxburghii'' - [[Chir Pine]]
*'''Section ''Trifoliae''''' - American hard pines
**'''Subsection ''Leiophyllae''''' - Mexico, southwestern United States
***''P. leiophylla'' - [[Chihuahua Pine]]
***''P. lumholtzii'' - [[Lumholtz' Pine]]
**'''Subsection ''Australes''''' - North America, Central America, Caribbean
***''P. caribaea'' - [[Caribbean Pine]]
***''P. clausa'' - [[Sand Pine]]
***''P. cubensis'' - [[Cuban Pine]]
***''P. echinata'' - [[Shortleaf Pine]]
***''P. elliottii'' - [[Slash Pine]]
***''P. glabra'' - [[Spruce Pine]]
***''P. occidentalis'' - [[Hispaniolan Pine]]
***''P. palustris'' - [[Longleaf Pine]]
***''P. pungens'' - [[Table Mountain Pine]]
***''P. rigida'' - [[Pitch Pine]]
***''P. serotina'' - [[Pond Pine]]
***''P. taeda'' - [[Loblolly Pine]]
***''P. virginiana'' - [[Virginia Pine]]
**'''Subsection ''Contortae''''' - North America
***''P. banksiana'' - [[Jack Pine]]
***''P. contorta'' - [[Lodgepole Pine]]
**'''Subsection ''Oocarpae''''' - Central America, Mexico, western United States.
***''P. attenuata'' - [[Knobcone Pine]]
***''†P. foisyi'' - ''[[Pinus foisyi]]'' extinct
***''P. greggii'' - [[Gregg's Pine]]
***''P. herrerae'' - [[Herrera's Pine]]
***''P. jaliscana'' - [[Jalisco Pine]]
***''P. lawsonii'' - [[Lawson's Pine]]
***''P. muricata'' - [[Bishop Pine]]
***''P. oocarpa'' - [[Egg-cone Pine]]
***''P. patula'' - [[Patula Pine]]
***''P. praetermissa'' - [[McVaugh's Pine]]
***''P. pringlei'' - [[Pringle's Pine]]
***''P. radiata'' - [[Monterey Pine]]
***''P. tecunumanii'' - [[Tecun Uman Pine]]
***''P. teocote'' - [[Ocote Pine]]
**'''Subsection ''Ponderosae''''' - Central America, Mexico, western United States, southwest Canada.
***''P. apulcensis'' - [[Apulco Pine]]
***''P. arizonica'' - [[Arizona Pine]]
***''P. cooperi'' - [[Cooper's Pine]]
***''P. coulteri'' - [[Coulter Pine]]
***''P. devoniana'' - [[Michoacan Pine]]
***''P. durangensis'' - [[Durango Pine]]
***''P. engelmanii'' - [[Apache Pine]]
***''P. estevezii'' - [[Estevez's Pine]]
***''P. gordoniana'' - [[Gordon's Pine]]
***''P. hartwegii'' - [[Hartweg's Pine]]
***''P. jeffreyi'' - [[Jeffrey Pine]]
***†''P. johndayensis - ''[[Pinus johndayensis]]'' - Oligocene
***''P. maximinoi'' - [[Thinleaf Pine]]
***''P. montezumae'' - [[Montezuma Pine]]
***''P. ponderosa'' - [[Ponderosa Pine]]
***''P. pseudostrobus'' - [[Smooth-bark Mexican Pine]]
***''P. rudis'' - [[Pinus rudis]], red mexican pine
***''P. sabiniana'' - [[Gray Pine]]
***''P. torreyana'' - [[Torrey Pine]]

===References===
*{{wplink}}

===External links===
* [http://tolweb.org/Pinus Tree of Life Web] favors classification of ''Ducampopinus'' species in ''Strobus''.
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=3337 NCBI Taxonomy server] files ''Ducampopinus'' species above as ''Strobus''.

[[Category:Pinus]]

Pinus classification - Revision history

Raffi: Created page with 'There are three main subgenera of '''''Pinus''''', the subgenus '''''Strobus''''' ('''White pines''' or soft pines), the subgenus '''''Ducampopinus''''' ([[Pinyon pine|P…'