https://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=PolygonaceaePolygonaceae - Revision history2026-04-11T11:39:16ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.35.3https://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Polygonaceae&diff=10061&oldid=prevEnvoy at 16:13, 15 October 20072007-10-15T16:13:34Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Taxobox<br />
| color = lightgreen<br />
| name = Polygonaceae<br />
| image = Polygonum persicaria bgiu.jpg<br />
| image_width = 250px<br />
| image_caption = ''Polygonum persicaria''<br />
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae<br />
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]<br />
| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]<br />
| ordo = [[Caryophyllales]]<br />
| familia = '''Polygonaceae'''<br />
| familia_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]<br />
| subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies<br />
| subdivision = <br />
*Polygonoideae<br />
*Eriogonoideae<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Polygonaceae''' is a family of flowering plants also known as the "knotweed family" or "smartweed family". The name is based on the genus ''[[Polygonum]]''. Some well known members include ''[[Fagopyrum]]'' (buckwheat), ''[[Rumex]]'' (sorrel), ''[[Rheum (genus)|Rheum]]'' (rhubarb), and ''[[Polygonum]]'' (knotgrass). The family is named for the many swollen node joints that some species have; ''poly'' means many and ''goni'' means knee or joint, though some interpret ''goni'' to mean seed, and the name then would refer to the many seeds these plants often produce. <br />
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According to the database of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the family consists of 43 genera, totalling about 1100 species. Numerically the most important are ''[[Eriogonum]]'' (250 species), ''[[Polygonum]]'' (200 species), ''[[Rumex]]'' (200 species), ''[[Coccoloba]]'' (120 species), and ''[[Calligonum]]'' (80 species).<br />
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The family is present worldwide, but are most differentiated in temperate regions.<br />
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== Taxonomy ==<br />
This family is very well-defined and is universally recognised, but its position has been less clear. <br />
For example, in the [[Cronquist system]], it was given its own order ([[Polygonales]]), but newer systems such as [[APG system|APG]] treat them as part of the [[Caryophyllales]]. <br />
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Polygonaceae can be divided in two [[subfamilies]]:<br />
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*[[Polygonoideae]], comprising about 28 genera and 800 species, are characterised by the lack of an [[involucre]] and the presence of [[ocrea]]e. Important members are ''Polygonum'', ''Rumex'' and ''Calligonum''.<br />
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*[[Eriogonoideae]], with about 330 species, are exclusive to the [[New World]] and are characterised by the [[involucre]], cymose [[inflorescence]] and lack of [[ocrea]]e . Important members are ''Eriogonum'' and ''Coccoloba''.<br />
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== Description ==<br />
[[Image:Ocreae of a Persicaria maculosa 2006-aug-10 Gothenburg Sweden.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Ochraea of ''[[Persicaria maculosa]]'']] Most Polygonaceae are perennial herbaceous plants with swollen nodes, but small shrubs (e.g. ''[[Coccoloba]]'') and climbers (e.g. ''[[Antipogon]]'') are also present.<br />
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'''[[Leaves]]''' of [[Polygonoideae]] are simple, arranged alternately on the stems and have a peculiar pair of sheathing [[stipule]]s known as '''ocreae'''. Those species that do not have the nodal ocrea can be identified by having flowers in involucrate heads. The calyx is petaloid, often in two rows. The flowers are normally bisexual, small in size actinomorphic with calyxs of 3 or 6 imbricate sepels. After flowering the sepals often become membranous and enlarge around the developing fruit. Flowers lack a corolla and the sepals are petal-like and colorful. The androecium is composed of 3 to 8 stamens that are normally free or united at the base. Flowers with compound pistils composed of three united carpels with one locule - producing a single ovule. The ovary is superior with basal placentation, and 2 to 4 stigmas are produced.<ref>Jones, Samuel B., and Arlene E. Luchsinger. 1979. ''Plant systematics''. McGraw-Hill series in organismic biology. New York: McGraw-Hill. Page 254. ISBN 0-07032795-5</ref><br />
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== Selected genera ==<br />
*''[[Afrobrunnichia]]''<br />
*''[[Antigonon]]''<br />
*''[[Aristocapsa]]''<br />
*''[[Atraphaxis]]''<br />
*''[[Brunnichia]]''<br />
*''[[Calligonum]]''<br />
*''[[Centrostegia]]''<br />
*''[[Chorizanthe]]''<br />
*''[[Coccoloba]]''<br />
*''[[Dedeckera]]''<br />
*''[[Dodecahema]]''<br />
*''[[Emex]]''<br />
*''[[Eriogonum]]''<br />
*''[[Fagopyrum]]''<br />
*''[[Fallopia]]''<br />
*''[[Gilmania]]''<br />
*''[[Goodmania]]''<br />
*''[[Gymnopodium]]''<br />
*''[[Harfordia]]''<br />
*''[[Hollisteria]]''<br />
*''[[Knorringia]]''<br />
*''[[Koenigia]]''<br />
*''[[Lastarriaea]]''<br />
*''[[Leptogonum]]''<br />
*''[[Muconea]]''<br />
*''[[Muehlenbeckia]]''<br />
*''[[Nemacaulis]]''<br />
*''[[Neomillspaughia]]''<br />
*''[[Oxygonum]]''<br />
*''[[Oxyria]]''<br />
*''[[Oxytheca]]''<br />
*''[[Parapteropyrum]]''<br />
*''[[Persicaria]]''<br />
*''[[Podopterus]]''<br />
*''[[Polygonella]]''<br />
*''[[Polygonum]]'' or [[Knotweed]]<br />
*''[[Pteropyrum]]''<br />
*''[[Pterostegia]]''<br />
*''[[Rheum (genus)|Rheum]]''<br />
*''[[Rumex]]''<br />
*''[[Ruprechtia]]''<br />
*''[[Stenogonum]]''<br />
*''[[Symmeria]]''<br />
*''[[Systenotheca]]''<br />
*''[[Triplaris]]''<br />
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==External links==<br />
* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/polygona.htm Polygonaceae] in [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.] http://delta-intkey.com<br />
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== Referances ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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{{Caryophyllales-stub}}<br />
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[[Category:Polygonaceae|*]]<br />
[[Category:Plant families]]</div>Envoy