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	<id>https://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Primula</id>
	<title>Primula - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-04-11T14:47:12Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Primula&amp;diff=74095&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Raffi at 16:42, 21 September 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Primula&amp;diff=74095&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-09-21T16:42:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;//gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Primula&amp;amp;diff=74095&amp;amp;oldid=73676&quot;&gt;Show changes&lt;/a&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Raffi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Primula&amp;diff=73676&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Kpdhage at 12:17, 19 September 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Primula&amp;diff=73676&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-09-19T12:17:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;//gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Primula&amp;amp;diff=73676&amp;amp;oldid=10729&quot;&gt;Show changes&lt;/a&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kpdhage</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Primula&amp;diff=10729&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Envoy at 12:26, 28 October 2007</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Primula&amp;diff=10729&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2007-10-28T12:26:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{For|the automobile|Autobianchi Primula}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{For|the character from the ''Shuffle!'' series|Primula (Shuffle!)}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Taxobox&lt;br /&gt;
| color = lightgreen&lt;br /&gt;
| name = ''Primula''&lt;br /&gt;
| image = Prolećno cveće 3.JPG&lt;br /&gt;
| image_width = 250px&lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption = ''Primula vulgaris''&lt;br /&gt;
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae&lt;br /&gt;
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]&lt;br /&gt;
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]&lt;br /&gt;
| ordo = [[Ericales]]&lt;br /&gt;
| familia = [[Primulaceae]]&lt;br /&gt;
| genus = '''''Primula'''''&lt;br /&gt;
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision = &lt;br /&gt;
many; see text&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:primula.jpg|right|thumb|A modern garden primula [[cultivar]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Primula farinosa flowers 100704.jpg|right|thumb|''Primula farinosa'' flowers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Primula aka.jpg|right|thumb|''Primula hortensis'']] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Primula prolifera 1.jpg|right|thumb|''Primula prolifera'']]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Primula sieboldii RB.jpg|right|thumb|''Primula sieboldii'']]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Primula veris 150303.jpg|right|thumb|''Primula veris'']]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''Primula''''' is a [[genus]] of 400-500 [[species]] of low-growing [[herb]]s in the family [[Primulaceae]]. They include [[Primula vulgaris|primrose]], [[Primula auricula|auricula]], [[Primula veris|cowslip]] and [[Primula elatior|oxlip]]. Many species are grown for their ornamental [[flower]]s. They are native to the temperate [[Northern Hemisphere]], south into high altitude tropical [[mountain]]s in [[Ethiopia]], [[Indonesia]] and [[New Guinea]], and are also found in temperate southern [[South America]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perennial primulas bloom mostly during the [[spring (season)|spring]]; their flowers can be [[purple]], [[yellow]], [[red]], [[pink]], or [[white]]. Generally, they prefer filtered [[sun]][[light]]. Many species are adapted to high [[alpine climate]]s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Both the common name and scientific name refer to it being the first (prime) &amp;quot;rose&amp;quot; to open in spring. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Primroses are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Large Yellow Underwing]], [[Lesser Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing]], [[Setaceous Hebrew Character]] and [[Silver-ground Carpet]]. &amp;lt;!-- is this statement specific to primroses only, or to the entire genus?--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some species of ''Primula'' are commonly known as polyanthus.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;Selected species&lt;br /&gt;
{|&lt;br /&gt;
|- valign=top&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula alcalina]]'' (Bluedome Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula algida]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula allionii]]'' (Allioni's Primrose) &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula alpicola]]'' (Moonlight Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula amoena]]'' (Aucasian Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula angustifolia]]'' (Alpine Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula anisodora]]'' (Anise Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula anvilensis]]'' (Boreal Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula appenina]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula atrodentata]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula aurantiaca]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula aureata]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula auricula]]'' (Auricula [Primrose], Bear's Ear)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula auriculata]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula beesiana]]'' (Candelabra Primrose) &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula bellidifolia]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula boothii]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula borealis]]'' (Northern Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula bracteosa]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula bulleyana]]'' (Candelabra Primrose) &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula burmanica]]'' (Burma Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula calderiana]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula capillaris]]'' (Ruby Mountain Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula capitata]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula capitellata]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula carniolica]]'' (Carniolan Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula cawdoriana]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula chionantha]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula chungensis]]''&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula clarkei]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula clusiana]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula cockburniana]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula concholoba]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula cortusoides]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula cuneifolia]]'' (Wedgeleaf or Pixie-eye Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula cusickiana]]'' (Cusick's Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula daonensis]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula darialica]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula denticulata]]'' (Drumstick or Himalayan Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula deorum]]'' (Rila Primrose, Rila Cowslip, God's Cowslip)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula deuteronana]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula edgeworthii]]''&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula egaliksensis]]'' (Greenland Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula elatior]]'' (Oxlip, Oxslip or True Oxlip)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula ellisiae]]'' (Ellis's Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula erythrocarpa]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula eximia]]'' (Arctic Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula farinosa]]'' (Birdseye Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula fedschenkoi]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula firmipes]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula flaccida]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula floribunda]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula florindae]]'' (Giant or Tibetan Cowslip)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula forrestii]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula frondosa]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula gambeliana]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula geraniifolia]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula glaucescens]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula glomerata]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula glutinosa]]'' (Sticky Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula gracillipes]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula griffithii]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula halleri]]'' (Long-flowered or Haller's Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula heucherifolia]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula hirsuta]]'' (Stinking Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula hyacinthina]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula ianthina]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula incana]]'' (Silvery or Mealy Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula integrifolia]]'' (Entire-leaved primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula involucrata]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula ioessa]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula irregularis]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula japonica]]'' (Japanese Primrose or Japanese Cowslip)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula jesoana]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula juliae]]'' (Juliana Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula kewensis]]'' (Kew Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula kisoana]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula kitaibeliana]]'' (Kitaibel's primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula latifolia]]'' (Broadleaf or Viscid Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula lutea]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula luteola]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula macrophylla]]'' (Large leaf Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula magellanica]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula malacoides]]'' (Fairy or Baby Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula marginata]]'' (Marginate Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula megaseifolia]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula melanops]]''&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula minima]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula mistassinica]]'' (Mistassini or Lake Mistassini Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula modesta]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula mollis]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula muscarioides]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula nipponica]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula nivalis]]'' (Snowy Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula nutans]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula obconica]]'' (Poison or German Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula palinuri]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula parryi]]'' (Parry's Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula pedemontana]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula petiolaris]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula poissonii]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula polyneura]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula prolifera]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula pulverulenta]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula redolens]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula reidii]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula reinii]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula renifolia]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula reptans]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula reticulata]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula rosea]]'' (Himalayan Meadow Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula roxburghii]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula rusbyi]]'' (Rusby's Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula sapphirina]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula saxatilis]]'' (Rock Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula scandinavica]]'' (Scandinavian Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula scapigera]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula scotica]]'' (Scottish Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula secundiflora]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula serratifolia]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula sibirica]]''&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula sieboldii]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula sikkimensis]]'' (Himalayan Cowslip)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula sinensis]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula sinopurpurea]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula soldanelloides]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula sonchifolia]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula spectabilis]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula specuicola]]'' (Alcove or Cave-dwelling Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula stricta]]'' (Coastal or Strict Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula suffrutescens]]'' (Sierra[n] Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula takedana]]''&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula tanneri]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula tibetica]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula tschuktschorum]]'' (Chukchi Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula tyrolensis]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula veris]]'' (Cowslip)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula verticillata]]'' (Abyssinian or Whorled Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula vialii]]'' (Wayside, Pagoda, Poker or Orchid Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula villosa]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula vulgaris]]'' (Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula waltonii]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula warshenewskiana]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula whitei]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula wilsonii]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula wollastonii]]'' (Wollaston's Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula wulfeniana]]'' (Wulfen's Primrose)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Primula yuparensis]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Primula Medicinal Uses of Primula]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.americanprimrosesociety.org/ American Primrose Society]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{commons|Primula}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Primulaceae]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Garden plants]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Flowers]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Envoy</name></author>
	</entry>
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