Ribes - Revision history

Raffi at 17:01, 24 December 2009

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Kpdhage at 14:00, 16 December 2009

2009-12-16T14:00:41Z

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Raffi at 04:50, 14 April 2007

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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Ribes
| image = Gooseberry Ribes grossularia (detail).JPG
| image_caption = ''Ribes uva-crispa'' ([[gooseberry]])
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Saxifragales]]
| familia = '''Grossulariaceae'''
| genus = '''''Ribes'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
See text
}}

'''''Ribes''''' is a [[genus]] of about 150 species of [[flowering plants]], usually treated as the only genus in the family '''Grossulariaceae'''. The genus is native throughout the temperate regions of the [[Northern Hemisphere]].

''Ribes'' includes the currants, including the edible currants ([[blackcurrant]], [[redcurrant]] and [[whitecurrant]]), [[gooseberry|gooseberries]], and many [[ornamental plant]]s. The ''Ribes'' currant should not be confused with the [[Zante currant]], which is a kind of dried [[grape]].

Currants are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species; see [[list of Lepidoptera which feed on Ribes]].

Seven [[subgenus|subgenera]] are recognised. A few taxonomists place the gooseberry species in a separate genus, ''Grossularia'', despite the [[Jostaberry]] gooseberry/blackcurrant [[hybrid]].

;Selected species
*''[[Ribes aciculare]]'' Sm.
*''[[Ribes alpestris]]'' (Decne) A.Berger - Hedge Gooseberry
*''[[Ribes alpinum]]'' L. - Alpine Currant
*''[[Ribes ambiguum]]'' Maxim.
*''[[Ribes americanum]]'' Mill.
*''[[Ribes aureum]]'' Pursh - Golden Currant
*''[[Ribes bracteosum]]'' Douglas ex Hook. - Californian Blackcurrant
*''[[Ribes burejense]]'' F.Schmidt
*''[[Ribes californicum]]'' Hook. & Arn.
*''[[Ribes cereum]]'' Douglas - Squaw Currant or Wax Currant
*''[[Ribes ciliatum]]'' Humb. & Bonpl.
*''[[Ribes coloradense]]'' Cov.
*''[[Ribes curvatum]]'' Small
*''[[Ribes cynosbati]]'' L. - Prickly Gooseberry
*''[[Ribes diacanthum]]'' Pall.
*''[[Ribes distans]]'' Jancz.
*''[[Ribes divaricatum]]'' Douglas
*''[[Ribes echinellum]]'' (Cov.) Rehder - Miccosukee Gooseberry
*''[[Ribes emodense]]'' Rehder
*''[[Ribes fasciculatum]]'' Siebold & Zucc.
*''[[Ribes fragrans]]'' Pall.
*''[[Ribes gayanum]]'' (Spach) Steud.
*''[[Ribes giraldii]]'' Jancz.
*''[[Ribes glaciale]]'' Wallich
*''[[Ribes glandulosum]]'' Grauer ex Weber - White currant
*''[[Ribes glutinosum]]'' Benth.
*''[[Ribes grossularioides]]'' Maxim. - Japanese Gooseberry
*''[[Ribes henryi]]'' Franch.
*''[[Ribes hirtellum]]'' Michx. - North American Gooseberry
*''[[Ribes hudsonianum]]'' Richards - Northern Blackcurrant
*''[[Ribes indecorum]]'' Eastw. - White-flowered Currant
*''[[Ribes inebrians]]'' Lindl.
*''[[Ribes inerme]]'' Rydb.
*''[[Ribes irriguum]]'' Douglas
*''[[Ribes japonicum]]'' Maxim.
*''[[Ribes lacustre]]'' (Pers.) Poir.
*''[[Ribes lasianthum]]'' Greene
*''[[Ribes laurifolium]]'' Jancz.
*''[[Ribes laxiflorum]]'' Pursh
*''[[Ribes leptanthum]]'' A.Gray
*''[[Ribes lobbii]]'' A.Gray - Gummy Gooseberry
*''[[Ribes longeracemosum]]'' Franch.
*''[[Ribes luridum]]'' Hook. & Thoms.
*''[[Ribes malvaceum]]'' Sm.
*''[[Ribes mandschuricum]]'' (Maxim.) Komarov
*''[[Ribes maximowiczii]]'' Batal.
*''[[Ribes menziesii]]'' Pursh - Canyon Gooseberry
*''[[Ribes meyeri]]'' Maxim.
*''[[Ribes missouriense]]'' Nutt. - Missouri Gooseberry
*''[[Ribes montigenum]]'' McClat.
*''[[Ribes moupinense]]'' Franch.
*''[[Ribes multiflorum]]'' Kit.
*''[[Ribes nevadense]]'' Kellogg - Sierra Currant
*''[[Ribes nigrum]]'' L. - [[Blackcurrant]]
*''[[Ribes niveum]]'' Lindl.
*''[[Ribes odoratum]]'' H.L.Wendl. - Buffalo Currant
*''[[Ribes orientale]]'' Desf.
*''[[Ribes oxyacanthoides]]'' L. - American Mountain Gooseberry
*''[[Ribes petiolare]]'' Fisch.
*''[[Ribes petraeum]]'' Wulf.
*''[[Ribes pinetorum]]'' Greene
*''[[Ribes procumbens]]'' Pall.
*''[[Ribes pulchellum]]'' Turcz.
*''[[Ribes quercetorum]]'' Greene
*''[[Ribes roezlii]]'' Reg. - Sierra Gooseberry
*''[[Ribes rotundifolium]]'' Michx.
*''[[Ribes rubrum]]'' L. - [[Redcurrant]]
*''[[Ribes sanguineum]]'' Pursh - Flowering Currant
*''[[Ribes setosum]]'' Lindl.
*''[[Ribes silvestre]]'' (Lam.) Mert. & Koch (syn. ''R. sativum'')
*''[[Ribes speciosum]]'' Pursh - Fuchsia-flowered Gooseberry
*''[[Ribes spicatum]]'' Robson - Nordic Redcurrant
*''[[Ribes stenocarpum]]'' Maxim.
*''[[Ribes tenue]]'' Jancz.
*''[[Ribes triste]]'' Pall. - [[Northern Redcurrant]] or Swamp Redcurrant
*''[[Ribes ussuriense]]'' Jancz.
*''[[Ribes uva-crispa]]'' L. (syn. ''R. grossularia'') - [[Gooseberry]]
*''[[Ribes viburnifolium]]'' A.Gray
*''[[Ribes vilmorinii]]'' Jancz.
*''[[Ribes viscosissimum]]'' Pursh
*''[[Ribes warszewiczii]]'' Jancz.
*''[[Ribes wolfii]]'' Rothr.

==External link==
{{commons|Ribes}}
*[http://www.uga.edu/fruit/ribes.htm Entry on ''Ribes'' at Mark Rieger's UGa fruit crops site]

[[Category:Saxifragales]]

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 {{Inc|
 Ribes (probably derived from ribas, the Arabic name for Rheum Ribes,
 or by some supposed to be the Latinized form of riebs, an old German
 word for currant). Saxifragaceae. Currant. Gooseberry. Woody plants
 partly grown for their edible fruits and partly for their handsome
 flowers, fruits, or foliage.
 Unarmed or prickly shrubs with deciduous or rarely evergreen foliage:
 lvs. alternate, often fascicled, simple, usually palmately lobed and
 mostly plaited in the bud: fls. perfect or in some species dioecious,
 -merous, rarely 4-merous, in many-fld. to few-fld. racemes, or
 solitary; calyx-tube cylindric to rotate, like the sepals usually
 colored; petals usually smaller than the sepals, often minute, rarely
 entirely wanting; stamens alternating with the petals, shorter or
 longer than the sepals; ovary inferior, 1-celled; styles 1 or 2 (Fig.
 ): fr. a many-seeded pulpy berry, crowned by the remains of the
 calyx. —About 150 species in the colder and temperate regions of N.
 and S. Amer., N. and Cent. Asia, Eu., and N. Afr. The genus is
 sometimes divided into two: the true Ribes with usually unarmed sts.,
 racemose fls., and jointed pedicels, and Grossularia (p. 1414) with
 prickly sts.; fls. solitary or in short 2-4-fld. racemes and with the
 pedicels not jointed. The most recent monograph of the genus is by
 Janczewski, Monographie des Groseilliers, 1907 (originally published
 in Mem. Soc. Phys. Nat. Hist. Geneve, 35:199-517, with 202 figs.),
 with important supplements in Bull. Acad. Sci. Cracovic, ser. B,
 -13. The N. American species are treated by Coville & Britton in
 North American Flora, 22:193-225 (1908) under the two genera Ribes and
 Grossularia. There are also descriptions and figures of the more
 important species in Card's Bush Fruits, 444-84, figs. 80-109 (1911).
 The currants and gooseberies are usually low, upright or less often
 procumbent deciduous, rarely evergreen shrubs with prickly or unarmed
 branches, small or medium-sized usually lobed leaves, with rather
 small solitary or racemose flowers often greenish or reddish and
 insignificant, but in some species white or brightly colored in shades
 of red, scarlet, orange or yellow; the fruits also are often
 attractive and either black, purple, scarlet, yellowish or greenish.
 The flowers appear in spring with the leaves, and the fruits ripen in
 June or July, but in R. fasciculatum they do not mature until
 September and remain on the branches all winter. Most species are
 hardy North except the evergreen ones; also R. sanguineum, R. Roezlii,
 R.
 Lobbii, R. viscosissimum are not quite hardy North. The tender R.
 speciosum with fuchsia-like bright red flowers is perhaps the most
 showy species of the genus, though also R. sanguineum, R. odoratum, R.
 Gordonianum, R. Roezlii, R. Lobbii, R. pinetorum, R. cereum, R.
 inebrians, R. niveum, and others are handsome in bloom, while some, as
 R. alpinum and R. fasciculatum, have ornamental scarlet fruits. They
 are well adapted for borders of shrubberies and, particularly the
 procumbent kinds, for planting on slopes. R. alpinum is excellent for
 shady places and as undergrowth. R. alpestre, a strong-growing and
 very spiny gooseberry from western China, may prove valuable as a
 hedge-plant. Many species bear edible fruits; the most important are
 the domestic currant, R. vulgare, and the European gooseberry, R.
 Grossularia; of less importance are the black currant, R. nigrum, the
 Buffalo or Missouri currant, R. odoratum, the European R. rubrum and
 some of the American gooseberries, as R. hirtellum, R. Cynosbati, R.
 oxyacanthoides, R. setosum, R. inerme. These plants are mostly of easy
 cultivation; they grow in any moderately good loamy soil, the
 gooseberries preferring as a rule drier and sunnier positions, while
 the currants like more humidity and grow well in partly shaded
 situations. Propagation is by seeds which germinate readily; also by
 hardwood cuttings in autumn and by greenwood cuttings in summer under
 glass; mound-layering in summer is sometimes practised; budding or
 grafting is usually resorted to only, if quick propagation of rare
 varieties is desired. In Europe, currants and gooseberries are
 sometimes grafted high on R. odoratum trained to one stem, to form
 little standard trees. See also Currant and Gooseberry for
 cultivation.
@@ Line 185: / Line 122: @@
 fragrans, 1.		niveum, 21.		xanthocarpum, 9.
-				Key To The Species.
 R. aciculare, Smith. Allied to R. Grossularia. Spiny shrub: branches
 slender, bristly: lvs. 3-5-lobed, usually glabrous, about 1 in. broad: