Irenet at 10:52, 18 May 2009

2009-05-18T10:52:04Z

Envoy at 11:37, 25 October 2007

2007-10-25T11:37:37Z

New page

{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Rubiaceae
| image = Galium verum2.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = Lady's Bedstraw (''Galium verum'')
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Gentianales]]
| familia = '''Rubiaceae'''
| familia_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]
| type_genus = ''[[Rubia]]''
| type_genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
''See text''<br/>
For a full list, see: [[List of Rubiaceae genera]]
}}
[[Image:Egyptian starcluster-KayEss-1.jpeg|thumb|right|225px|Egyptian Starcluster ''Pentas lanceolata'']]
[[Image:Luculia gratissima.png|right|thumb|225px|White ''Luculia gratissima'']]

'''Rubiaceae''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[flowering plant]]s, variously called the [[madder]], [[bedstraw]], or [[Coffea|coffee]] family. Other common plants included here are [[gardenia]], [[cinchona]], [[sweet woodruff]], [[Mitchella|partridgeberry]], [[uncaria|gambier]], [[ixora]], and [[noni]]. A number of traditionally accepted families ([[Dialypetalanthaceae]], [[Henriqueziaceae]], [[Naucleaceae]], and [[Theligonaceae]]) are now incorporated within the Rubiaceae following genetic research by the [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]]. As now circumscribed, there are about 600 genera and more than 10,000 species in the Rubiaceae.

===Subfamilies===
The genera are distributed into tribes, and these placed in one of three recognized subfamilies:
{|
|- valign=top
|
* '''Rubioideae'''
** Anthospermeae
** Argostemmateae
** Coussareeae
** Craterispermeae
** Danaideae
** Gaertnereae
** Lasiantheae
** Morindeae
** Ophiorrhizeae
** Paederieae
** Perameae
** Psychotrieae
** Rubieae
** Sabiceeae
** Schradereae
** Spermacoceae
** Theligoneae
** Urophylleae
** Virectarieae
|
* '''Cinchonoideae'''
** Calycophylleae
** Catesbaeeae
** Naucleeae
** Chiococceae
** Cinchoneae
** Condamineeae
** Coptosapelteae
** Guettardeae
** Hamelieae
** Hillieae
** Isertieae
** Mussaendeae
** Rondeletieae
** Simireae
** Exostema group
|
* '''Ixoroideae'''
** Alberteae
** Coffeeae
** Cremasporeae
** Gardenieae
** Hippotideae
** Ixoreae
** Octotropideae
** Pavetteae
** Retiniphylleae
** Sipaneeae
** Vanguerieae
|}

===Genera===
The following genera are listed by Watson and Dallwitz (Delta):
{|
|- valign=top
|
Rubiaceae ''sensu stricto'':
*''[[Acranthera]]''
*''[[Acrobotrys]]''
*''[[Acunaeanthus]]''
*''[[Adinauclea]]''
*''[[Agathisanthemum]]''
*''[[Aidia]]''
*''[[Aidiopsis]]''
*''[[Airosperma]]''
*''[[Aitchisonia]]''
*''[[Alberta (plant)|Alberta]]''
*''[[Aleisanthia]]''
*''[[Alibertia]]''
*''[[Allaeophania]]''
*''[[Alleizettella]]''
*''[[Allenanthus]]''
*''[[Alseis]]''
*''[[Amaiouma]]''
*''[[Amaracarpus]]''
*''[[Amphiasma]]''
*''[[Amphidasya]]''
*''[[Ancylanthos]]''
*''[[Anomanthodia]]''
*''[[Antherostele]]''
*''[[Anthorrhiza]]''
*''[[Anthospermum]]''
*''[[Antirhea]]''
*''[[Aoranthe]]''
*''[[Aphaenandra]]''
*''[[Aphanocarpus]]''
*''[[Appunettia]]''
*''[[Appunia]]''
*''[[Arctophyllum]]''
*''[[Argocoffeopsis]]''
*''[[Argostemma]]''
*''[[Asemnantha]]''
*''[[Asperula]]''
*''[[Astiella]]''
*''[[Atractocarpus]]''
*''[[Atractogyne]]''
*''[[Augusta (plant)|Augusta]]''
*''[[Aulacocalyx]]''
*''[[Badusa]]''
*''[[Balmea]]''
*''[[Bataprine]]''
*''[[Bathysa]]''
*''[[Batopedina]]''
*''[[Belonophora]]''
*''[[Benkara]]''
*''[[Benzonia (plant)|Benzonia]]''
*''[[Berghesia]]''
*''[[Bertiera]]''
*''[[Bikkia]]''
*''[[Blandibractea]]''
*''[[Blepharidium]]''
*''[[Bobea]]''
*''[[Boholia]]''
*''[[Borojoa]]''
*''[[Bothriospora]]''
*''[[Botryarrhena]]''
*''[[Bouvardia]]''
*''[[Brachytome]]''
*''[[Bradea]]''
*''[[Brenania]]''
*''[[Breonadia]]''
*''[[Burchellia]]''
*''[[Burttdavya]]''
*''[[Byrsophyllum]]''
*''[[Caelospermum]]''
*''[[Calanda]]''
*''[[Callipeltis]]''
*''[[Calochone]]''
*''[[Calycophyllum]]''
*''[[Calycosia]]''
*''[[Calycosiphonia]]''
*''[[Canephora]]''
*''[[Canthium]]''
*''[[Capirona]]''
*''[[Captaincookia]]''
*''[[Carpacoce]]''
*''[[Carphalea]]''
*''[[Carterella]]''
*''[[Casasia]]''
*''[[Catesbaea]]''
*''[[Catunaregam]]''
*''[[Cephaelis]]''
*''[[Cephalodendron]]'' = ''[[Remijia]]''
*''[[Ceratopyxis]]''
*''[[Ceriscoides]]''
*''[[Ceuthocarpus]]''
*''[[Chaetostachydium]]''
*''[[Chalepophyllum]]''
*''[[Chamaepentas]]''
*''[[Chapelieria]]''
*''[[Chassalia]]''
*''[[Chazaliella]]''
*''[[Chimarrhis]]''
*''[[Chiococca]]''
*''[[Chione (plant)|Chione]]''
*''[[Chlorochorion]]''
*''[[Chomelia]]''
*''[[Choulettia]]''
*''[[Chytropsia]]''
*''[[Cigarilla]]''
*''[[Cinchona]]''
*''[[Cladoceras]]''
*''[[Clarkella]]''
*''[[Coccochondra]]''
*''[[Coccocypselum]]''
*''[[Coddia]]''
*''[[Coelopyrena]]''
*''[[Coffea]]''
*''[[Coleactina]]''
*''[[Colletoecima]]''
*''[[Commitheca]]''
*''[[Condaminea]]''
*''[[Conostomium]]''
*''[[Coprosma]]''
*''[[Coptophyllum]]''
*''[[Coptosapelta]]''
*''[[Corynanthe]]''
*''[[Coryphothamnus]]''
*''[[Cosmibuena]]''
*''[[Cosmocalyx]]''
*''[[Coursiana]]''
*''[[Coussarea]]''
*''[[Coutaportla]]''
*''[[Coutarea]]''
*''[[Cowiea]]''
*''[[Craterispermum]]''
*''[[Cremaspora]]''
*''[[Cremocarpon]]''
*''[[Crobylanthe]]''
*''[[Crocyllis]]''
*''[[Crossopteryx]]''
*''[[Crucianella]]''
*''[[Cruciata]]''
*''[[Cruckshanksia]]''
*''[[Crusea]]''
*''[[Cuatrecasasiodendron]]''
*''[[Cubanola]]''
*''[[Cuviera]]''
*''[[Cyclophyllum]]''
*''[[Damnacanthus]]''
*''[[Danais]]''
*''[[Deccania]]''
*''[[Declieuxia]]''
*''[[Dendrosipanea]]''
*''[[Dentella]]''
*''[[Deppea]]''
*''[[Diacrodon]]''
*''[[Dialypetalum]]''
*''[[Dialypetalanthus ]]''
*''[[Dibrachyonostylus]]''
*''[[Dichilanthe]]''
*''[[Dictyandra]]''
*''[[Didymaea]]''
|
*''[[Didymochlamys]]''
*''[[Didymopogon]]''
*''[[Didymosalpynx]]''
*''[[Diodella]]''
*''[[Diodia]]''
*''[[Dioecrescis]]''
*''[[Dioicodendron]]''
*''[[Diplospora]]''
*''[[Discospermum]]''
*''[[Diyaminauclea]]''
*''[[Dolichodelphys]]''
*''[[Dolicholobium]]''
*''[[Dolichometra]]''
*''[[Dolicera]]''
*''[[Duidania]]''
*''[[Dunnia]]''
*''[[Duperrea]]''
*''[[Duroia]]''
*''[[Durringtonia]]''
*''[[Ecpoma]]''
*''[[Eizia]]''
*''[[Elaeagia]]''
*''[[Eleutheranthus]]''
*''[[Emmenopterys]]''
*''[[Emmeorhiza]]''
*''[[Eosanthe]]''
*''[[Eriosemopsis]]''
*''[[Erithalis]]''
*''[[Ernodea]]''
*''[[Etericius]]''
*''[[Euclinia]]''
*''[[Exallage]]''
*''[[Exostema]]''
*''[[Fadogia]]''
*''[[Fadogiella]]''
*''[[Fagerlindia]]''
*''[[Faramea]]''
*''[[Ferdinandusa]]''
*''[[Feretia]]''
*''[[Fergusonia]]''
*''[[Fernelia]]''
*''[[Flagenium]]''
*''[[Flexanthera]]''
*''[[Gaertnera]]''
*''[[Gaillonia]]''
*''[[Galiniera]]''
*''[[Galium]]''
*''[[Gallienia]]''
*''[[Galopina]]''
*''[[Gamotopea]]''
*''[[Gardenia]]''
*''[[Gardeniopsis]]''
*''[[Genipa]]''
*''[[Gentingia]]''
*''[[Geophila]]''
*''[[Gillespiea]]''
*''[[Gleasonia]]''
*''[[Glionnetia]]''
*''[[Glossostipula]]''
*''[[Gomphocalyx]]''
*''[[Gonzalagunia]]''
*''[[Gouldia]]''
*''[[Greenea]]''
*''[[Greeniopsis]]''
*''[[Guettarda]]''
*''[[Gynochtodes]]''
*''[[Gyrostipula]]''
*''[[Habroneuron]]''
*''[[Haldina]]''
*''[[Hallea]]''
*''[[Hamelia]]''
*''[[Hyataella]]''
*''[[Hedstromia]]''
*''[[Hedyotis]]''
*''[[Hedythyrsus]]''
*''[[Heinsenia]]''
*''[[Heinsia]]''
*''[[Hekistocarpa]]''
*''[[Heterophyllaea]]''
*''[[Hillia]]''
*''[[Himalrandia]]''
*''[[Hindsia]]''
*''[[Hintonia]]''
*''[[Hippotis]]''
*''[[Hitoa]]''
*''[[Hodgkinsonia]]''
*''[[Hoffmannia]]''
*''[[Holstianthus]]''
*''[[Homollea]]''
*''[[Homolliella]]''
*''[[Houstonia (plant)|Houstonia]]''
*''[[Hutchinsonia]]''
*''[[Hydnophytum]]''
*''[[Hydrophylax]]''
*''[[Hymenocnemis]]''
*''[[Hymenocoleus]]''
*''[[Hymenodictyon]]''
*''[[Hyperacanthus]]''
*''[[Hypobathrum]]''
*''[[Hyptianthera]]''
*''[[Ibetralia]]''
*''[[Indopolysolenia]]''
*''[[Isertia]]''
*''[[Isidorea]]''
*''[[Ixora]]''
*''[[Jackiopsis]]''
*''[[Janotia]]''
*''[[Jaubertia]]''
*''[[Joosia]]''
*''[[Jovetia]]''
*''[[Kailarsenia]]''
*''[[Kajewskiella]]''
*''[[Keenania]]''
*''[[Keetlia]]''
*''[[Kelloggia]]''
*''[[Kerianthera]]''
*''[[Khasiaclunea]]''
*''[[Klossia]]''
*''[[Knoxia]]''
*''[[Kochummenia]]''
*''[[Kohautia]]''
*''[[Kraussia]]''
*''[[Kutchubaea]]''
*''[[Ladenbergia]]''
*''[[Lagynias]]''
*''[[Lamprothamnus]]''
*''[[Lasianthus]]''
*''[[Lathraeocarpa]]''
*''[[Lecananthus]]''
*''[[Lecanosperma]]''
*''[[Lecariocalyx]]''
*''[[Lelya]]''
*''[[Lemyrea]]''
*''[[Lepidostoma]]''
*''[[Leptactina]]''
*''[[Leptodermis]]''
*''[[Leptomischus]]''
*''[[Leptoscela]]''
*''[[Leptostigma]]''
*''[[Lerchea]]''
*''[[Leucocodon]]''
*''[[Leucolophus]]''
*''[[Limnosipanea]]''
*''[[Lindenia]]''
*''[[Litosanthes]]''
*''[[Lucinaea]]''
*''[[Luculia]]''
*''[[Lucya]]''
*''[[Ludekia]]''
*''[[Macbrideina]]''
*''[[Machaonia]]''
*''[[Macrocnemum]]''
*''[[Macrosphyra]]''
*''[[Maguireocharis]]''
*''[[Maguireothamnus]]''
*''[[Malanea]]''
*''[[Manettia]]''
*''[[Manostachya]]''
|
*''[[Mantalania]]''
*''[[Margaritopsis]]''
*''[[Maschalocorymbus]]''
*''[[Maschalodesme]]''
*''[[Massularia]]''
*''[[Mastixiodendron]]''
*''[[Mazaea]]''
*''[[Melanopsidium]]''
*''[[Mericarpaea]]''
*''[[Merumea]]''
*''[[Metadina]]''
*''[[Meyna]]''
*''[[Micrasepalum]]''
*''[[Microphysa]]''
*''[[Mitchella]]''
*''[[Mitracarpus]]''
*''[[Mitrasacmopsis]]''
*''[[Mitriostigma]]''
*''[[Molopanthera]]''
*''[[Monosalpinx]]''
*''[[Montamans]]''
*''[[Morelia (plant)|Morelia]]''
*''[[Morierina]]''
*''[[Morinda]]''
*''[[Morindopsis]]''
*''[[Motleyia]]''
*''[[Mouretia]]''
*''[[Multidentia]]''
*''[[Mussaenda]]''
*''[[Mussaendopsis]]''
*''[[Mycetia]]''
*''[[Myonima]]''
*''[[Myrmecodia]]''
*''[[Mymeconauclea]]''
*''[[Myrmephytum]]''
*''[[Naletonia]]''
*''[[Nargedia]]''
*''[[Neanotis]]''
*''[[Neblinathamnus]]''
*''[[Nematostylis]]''
*''[[Nenax]]''
*''[[Neobertiera]]''
*''[[Neoblakea]]''
*''[[Neobreonia]]''
*''[[Neofranciella]]''
*''[[Neohymenopogon]]''
*''[[Neolamarckia]]''
*''[[Neolaugeria]]''
*''[[Neopentanisia]]''
*''[[Nernstia]]''
*''[[Nertera]]''
*''[[Nesohedyotis]]''
*''[[Neurocalyx]]''
*''[[Nichallea]]''
*''[[Nodocarpaea]]''
*''[[Nonatelia]]''
*''[[Normandia]]''
*''[[Nostolachma]]''
*''[[Ochreinauclea]]''
*''[[Octotropis]]''
*''[[Oldenlandia]]''
*''[[Oldenlandiopsis]]''
*''[[Oligocodon]]''
*''[[Omiltemia]]''
*''[[Opercularia]]''
*''[[Ophiorrhiza]]''
*''[[Ophriococcus]]''
*''[[Oregandra]]''
*''[[Oreopolus]]''
*''[[Osa (plant)|Osa]]''
*''[[Otiophora]]''
*''[[Otocalyx]]''
*''[[Otomeria]]''
*''[[Ottoschmidtia]]''
*''[[Oxyanthus]]''
*''[[Pachystigma]]''
*''[[Pachystylus]]''
*''[[Paederia]]''
*''[[Pagamea]]''
*''[[Pagameopsis]]''
*''[[Palicourea]]''
*''[[Pamplethantha]]''
*''[[Paracephaelis]]''
*''[[Parachimarrhis]]''
*''[[Paracorynanthe]]''
*''[[Paragenipa]]''
*''[[Paraknoxia]]''
*''[[Parapentas]]''
*''[[Paratriaina]]''
*''[[Pauridiantha]]''
*''[[Pausinystalia]]''
*''[[Pavetta]]''
*''[[Payera]]''
*''[[Pelagodendron]]''
*''[[Pentagonia (plant)|Pentagonia]]''
*''[[Pentaloncha]]''
*''[[Pentanisia]]''
*''[[Pentanopsis]]''
*''[[Pentas]]''
*''[[Pentodon]]''
*''[[Peponidium]]''
*''[[Perakanthus]]''
*''[[Perama (plant)|Perama]]''
*''[[Peratanthe]]''
*''[[Peripeplus]]''
*''[[Pertusadina]]''
*''[[Petagomoa]]''
*''[[Petitiocodon]]''
*''[[Phellocalyx]]''
*''[[Phialanthus]]''
*''[[Phitopis]]''
*''[[Phuopsis]]''
*''[[Phyllacanthus]]''
*''[[Phyllis (plant)|Phyllis]]''
*''[[Phyllocrater]]''
*''[[Phyllomelia]]''
*''[[Phyllohydrax]]''
*''[[Picardaea]]''
*''[[Pimentelia]]''
*''[[Pinariphyllon]]''
*''[[Pinckneya]]''
*''[[Pittoniotis]]''
*''[[Placocarpa]]''
*''[[Placopoda]]''
*''[[Plectronia]]''
*''[[Plectoniella]]''
*''[[Pleiocarpidia]]''
*''[[Pleiocoryne]]''
*''[[Pleiocraterium]]''
*''[[Plocama]]''
*''[[Poecilocalyx]]''
*''[[Pogonolobus]]''
*''[[Pogonopus]]''
*''[[Polysphaeria]]''
*''[[Polyura (plant)|Polyura]]''
*''[[Pomax]]''
*''[[Porterandia]]''
*''[[Portlandia (genus)|Portlandia]]''
*''[[Posoqueria]]''
*''[[Pouchetia]]''
*''[[Praravinia]]''
*''[[Pravinaria]]''
*''[[Preussiodora]]''
*''[[Prismatomeris]]''
*''[[Proscephaleium]]''
*''[[Psathura]]''
*''[[Pseudaidia]]''
*''[[Pseudogaillonia]]''
*''[[Pseudogardenia]]''
*''[[Pseudohamelia]]''
*''[[Pseudomantalania]]''
*''[[Pseudomussaenda]]''
*''[[Pseudonesohedyotis]]''
*''[[Pseudopyxis]]''
*''[[Pseudosabicea]]''
*''[[Psilanthus]]''
*''[[Psychotria]]''
*''[[Psydrax]]''
|
*''[[Psyllocarpus]]''
*''[[Pteridocalyx]]''
*''[[Pterogaillonia]]''
*''[[Pubistylus]]''
*''[[Putoria]]''
*''[[Pygmaeothamnus]]''
*''[[Pyragra]]''
*''[[Pyrostria]]''
*''[[Rachicallis]]''
*''[[Ramosmania]]''
*''[[Randia]]''
*''[[Raritebe]]''
*''[[Readea]]''
*''[[Rennellia]]''
*''[[Retiniphyllum]]''
*''[[Rhadinopus]]''
*''[[Raphidura]]''
*''[[Rhipidantha]]''
*''[[Rhopalobrachium]]''
*''[[Rhyssocarpus]]''
*''[[Richardia]]''
*''[[Riqueuria]]''
*''[[Robynsia]]''
*''[[Roigella]]''
*''[[Ronabea]]''
*''[[Rondeletia (plant)|Rondeletia]]''
*''[[Rothmannia]]''
*''[[Rubia]]''
*''[[Rudgea]]''
*''[[Rustia]]''
*''[[Rutidea]]''
*''[[Rytigynia]]''
*''[[Sabicea]]''
*''[[Sacosperma]]''
*''[[Saldinia]]''
*''[[Salzmannia]]''
*''[[Saprosma]]''
*''[[Sarcopygme]]''
*''[[Schachtia]]''
*''[[Schismatoclada]]''
*''[[Schizenterospermum]]''
*''[[Schizocalyx]]''
*''[[Schizocolea]]''
*''[[Schizomussaenda]]''
*''[[Schizostigma]]''
*''[[Schmidtottia]]''
*''[[Schradera]]''
*''[[Schumanniophyton]]''
*''[[Schwendenera]]''
*''[[Scolosanthus]]''
*''[[Scyphiphora]]''
*''[[Scyphochlamys]]''
*''[[Scyphostachys]]''
*''[[Sericanthe]]''
*''[[Serissa]]''
*''[[Shaferocharis]]''
*''[[Sherardia]]''
*''[[Sherbournia]]''
*''[[Siderobombyx]]''
*''[[Siemensia]]''
*''[[Simira]]''
*''[[Sinoadina]]''
*''[[Sipanea]]''
*''[[Sipaneopsis]]''
*''[[Siphonandrium]]''
*''[[Sommera]]''
*''[[Spathichlamys]]''
*''[[Spermacoce]]''
*''[[Spermadictyon]]''
*''[[Sphinctanthus]]''
*''[[Spiradiclis]]''
*''[[Squamellaria]]''
*''[[Stachyarrhena]]''
*''[[Stachyococcus]]''
*''[[Staelia]]''
*''[[Standleya]]''
*''[[Steenisia]]''
*''[[Stelechantha]]''
*''[[Stephanococcus]]''
*''[[Stevensia]]''
*''[[Steyermarkia]]''
*''[[Stichianthus]]''
*''[[Stilpnophyllum]]''
*''[[Stipularia]]''
*''[[Stomandra]]''
*''[[Streblosa]]''
*''[[Streblosiopsis]]''
*''[[Strempelia]]''
*''[[Striolaria]]''
*''[[Strumpfia]]''
*''[[Stylosiphonia]]''
*''[[Suberanthus]]''
*''[[Sukunia]]''
*''[[Sulitia]]''
*''[[Synaptantha]]''
*''[[Syringantha]]''
*''[[Tamilnadia]]''
*''[[Tammsia]]''
*''[[Tapiphyllum]]''
*''[[Terenna]]''
*''[[Tarennoidea]]''
*''[[Temnocalyx]]''
*''[[Temnopteryx]]''
*''[[Tennantia]]''
*''[[Thecorchus]]''
*''[[Theligonum]]''
*''[[Thogsennia]]''
*''[[Thyridocalyx]]''
*''[[Timonius]]''
*''[[Tobagoa]]''
*''[[Tocoyena]]''
*''[[Tortuella]]''
*''[[Trailliaedoxa]]''
*''[[Tresanthera]]''
*''[[Triainolepis]]''
*''[[Tricalysia]]''
*''[[Trichostachys]]''
*''[[Trigonopyren]]''
*''[[Trukia]]''
*''[[Tsiangia]]''
*''[[Uragoga]]''
*''[[Urophyllum]]''
*''[[Valantia]]''
*''[[Vangueria]]''
*''[[Vangueriella]]''
*''[[Vangueriopsis]]''
*''[[Versteegia]]''
*''[[Villaria]]''
*''[[Virectaria]]''
*''[[Warburgina]]''
*''[[Warszewiczia]]''
*''[[Wendlandia]]''
*''[[Wernhamia]]''
*''[[Wiasemskya]]''
*''[[Wittmackanthus]]''
*''[[Xanthophytum]]''
*''[[Xantonnea]]''
*''[[Xerococcus]]''
*''[[Yutajea]]''
*''[[Zuccarinia]]''
In [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/henrique.htm Watson and Dallwitz's Henriqueziaceae]:
*''[[Henriquezia]]''
*''[[Platycarpum]]''
In [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/naucleac.htm Watson and Dallwitz's Naucleaceae]:
*''[[Adina (plant)|Adina]]''
*''[[Breonia]]''
*''[[Cephalanthus]]''
*''[[Mitragyna]]''
*''[[Nauclea]]''
*''[[Neonauclea]]''
*''[[Sarcocephalus]]''
*''[[Uncaria]]''
|}

==References and external links==
{{Wikispecies}}
* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/rubiacea.htm Rubiaceae], [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/henrique.htm Henriquezaceae], [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/dialypet.htm Dialypetalanthaceae] [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/theligon.htm Theligonaceae] and [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/naucleac.htm Naucleaceae] in [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.] http://delta-intkey.com
* MOBOT [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/welcome.html Rubiaceae]

[[Category:Plant families]]
[[Category:Rubiaceae| ]]
[[Category:Gentianales]]

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		+	Rubiaceae (from the genus Rubia, signifying red, from the color of the roots of some species). Madder Family. Fig. 55. Trees, shrubs or herbs: leaves opposite or whorled, simple, usually entire: flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual, regular, rarely slightly irregular; calyx 2-6-cleft, or 0; corolla gamopetalous, 4-6-lobed, mostly valvate; stamens4-6, epipetalous; ovary inferior, 1 to many-, commonly 2-, celled; ovules 1 to many in each cell; style 1; stigma 1, capitate or several-branched: fruit a capsule, berry, or drupe.
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		+	Rubiaceae is a family of 343 genera and about 4,500 species, mainly tropical; about 34 species reach the northeastern United States. The family is closely related to the Caprifoliaceae, but usually has stipules or whorled leaves; it is also related to the Cornaceae, Valerianceae, Compositae, and the like.
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		+	A number of tropical Rubiaceae are myrmecophilous, i.e., provide a dwelling-place for protective ants. The whorled leaves of some species have probably been developed from stipules.
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		+	This is an important economic family. Coffea arabica (Abyssinia coffee) is generally cultivated in the tropics and used elsewhere as a beverage. Cinchona Ledgeriana and C. succirubra of the Andes furnish quinine. Uragoga (Caphaelis) Ipecacuanha of Brazil is the source of the emetic ipecac. Cephalanthus of North America, and several species of Galium have been used in medicine. Rubia tinctoria (Mediterranean) furnishes the red dye, madder. Roots of Asperula and some species of Galium yield red dyes. Morinda citrifolia (tropics) yields a yellow dye, morindin. Ourouparia Gambir (Malay) yields the dye known as catecu, gambir, or terra japonica. The foliage of Asperula odorata has the fragrance of sweet grass, and is used for a similar purpose, and for flavoring wines. Galium triflorum has a similar odor. Galium verum, the yellow bedstraw (Europe) contains a milk-curdling ferment, hence the name, “galium;” also formerly given to women to increase lactation. Berries of Mitchella contain a saponin-like substance. The fruits of Vangueria edulis and several other species of Rubiaceae are edible. The wood of many species is valuable.
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		+	Forty to 50 genera and a great many species are in cultivation in N. America, mostly in the greenhouse and in tropical horticulture. Among these are Indian Mulberry (Morinda); Cape Jasmine (Gardenia); Bluets (Houstonia); Manettia Vine (Manettia); Madder (Rubia); Buttonbush (Cephalanthus, hardy); Bedstraw or Cleavers (Galium); Coffee (Coffea); Cinchona (Cinchona); and Partridge Berry (Mitchella).
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		+	{{SCH}}
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	{{Taxobox		{{Taxobox
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Rubiaceae - Revision history

Irenet at 10:52, 18 May 2009

Envoy at 11:37, 25 October 2007