Sobralia - Revision history

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2009-07-07T09:16:23Z

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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Sobralia''
| image = Sobralia macrantha (1847).jpg
| image_width = 200px
| image_caption = ''[[Sobralia macrantha]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Monocotyledon|Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Epidendroideae]]
| tribus = [[Arethuseae]]
| subtribus = '''Sobraliinae'''
| genus = '''''Sobralia'''''
| genus_authority = [[Hipólito Ruiz López|Ruiz]] & [[José Antonio Pavón|Pav.]], [[1794]]
| type_species = ''Sobralia dichotoma''
| type_species_authority = [[Hipólito Ruiz López|Ruiz]] & [[José Antonio Pavón|Pav.]], [[1798]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
See [[Sobralia#Species|Species section]].
}}

'''''Sobralia''''' is a [[genus]] of about 125 [[orchid]]s ([[family (biology)|family]] Orchidaceae) and the only genus of the subtribe '''Sobraliinae'''. It is native to [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]]. The plants are more commonly terrestrial, but are also found growing [[Epiphyte|epiphytically]], in wet forests from [[sea level]] to about 8,800 ft. The genus was named for Dr. [[Francisco Sobral]], a Spanish [[botanist]].

Their reed-like [[Plant stem|stems]] range in height from about 1 ft (such as in ''Sobralia galeottiana'') to 25-30 ft. They have typically heavily veined, bilobed, plicate, apical [[Leaf|leaves]] all along the stem. The [[inflorescense]]s on the apex of the stem carry one or two successive ephemeral [[flower]]s with large [[sepal]]s and [[petal]]s. The short duration of the flower is caused by a self-digesting [[enzyme]]. The [[labellum|lip]] is entire or lobed and clasps the [[column]] at its base. This columns carries eight soft [[pollinium|pollinia]]. These flowers range in color from pure white to yellow, green, pink, purple, red, brown, and even a blue violet.

==[[Synonymy]]==
The genera '''''Cyathoglottis''''' [[Poepp.]] & [[Endl.]], '''''Fregea''''' [[Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach|Rchb.f.]] and '''''Lindsayella''''' [[Oakes Ames|Ames]] & [[C.Schweinf.]] are generally included here.

== Species ==
A few more commonly cited species:
*''[[Sobralia decora]]'' - pink-lavender; from [[Mexico]] through Central America;
*''[[Sobralia dichotoma]]'' - reddish-brown with white and pink lip; from the [[Andes]];
*''[[Sobralia fimbriata]]'' - white to cream or pale yellow, with fimbriate lip and petals; Andes;
*''[[Sobralia macrantha]]'' - pink-magenta; from Mexico through Central America;
*''[[Sobralia sessilis]]'' - pink-lavender; from South America;
*''[[Sobralia xantholeuca]]'' - yellow; from [[Chiapas]], Mex. and [[Guatemala]];

Others:
* ''[[Sobralia allenii]]'' L.O.Williams 1942.
* ''[[Sobralia altissima]]'' D.E.Benn. & Christenson 1999.
* ''[[Sobralia amabilis]]'' Rchb.f. L.O.Williams 1946.
* ''[[Sobralia anceps]]'' Schltr. 1924.
* ''[[Sobralia antioquiensis]]'' Schltr. 1920.
* ''[[Sobralia atropubescens]]'' Ames & C.Schweinf. 1930 : Black-haired Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia augusta]]'' Hoehne. 1944
* ''[[Sobralia aurantiaca]]'' Linden & Rchb.f. 1854
* ''[[Sobralia biflora]]'' Ruiz & Pav. 1798.
* ''[[Sobralia bimaculata]]'' Garay 1975 : 2-Spot Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia bletiae]]'' Rchb.f. 1852.
* ''[[Sobralia boliviensis]]'' Schltr. 1913.
* ''[[Sobralia buchtienii]]'' Schltr. 1929.
* ''[[Sobralia calliantha]]'' D.E.Benn. & Christenson. 2001
* ''[[Sobralia caloglossa]]'' Schltr. 1929 : Beautiful-lipped Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia candida]]'' Poepp. & Endl. Rchb.f. 1853 : White Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia carazoi]]'' Lank. & Ames 1924.
* ''[[Sobralia cataractarum]]'' Hoehne 1910 : Cataract Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia cattleya]]'' Rchb.f. 1877.
* ''[[Sobralia chatoensis]]'' A.H.Heller & A.D.Hawkes 1966.
* ''[[Sobralia chrysantha]]'' Lindl. 1854.
* ''[[Sobralia chrysoleuca]]'' Rchb.f. 1873.
* ''[[Sobralia chrysostoma]]'' Dressler 2001 : Golden Mouth Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia ciliata]]'' C.Presl C.Schweinf. ex Foldats 1969 : Fine-haired Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia crispissima]]'' Dressler 2002.
* ''[[Sobralia crocea]]'' Poepp. & Endl. Rchb.f. 1853 : Saffron-yellow Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia decora]]'' Bateman 1842 : Beautiful Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia densifoliata]]'' Schltr. 1920.
* ''[[Sobralia dichotoma]]'' Ruiz & Pav. 1798 : Two-piece Sobralia (type species)
* ''[[Sobralia dissimilis]]'' Dressler 1995.
* ''[[Sobralia dorbignyana]]'' Rchb.f. 1873.
* ''[[Sobralia doremiliae]]'' Dressler 1995.
* ''[[Sobralia ecuadorana]]'' Dodson 1998 : Ecuadorian Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia exilis]]'' Schltr. 1920.
* ''[[Sobralia fimbriata]]'' Poepp. & Endl. 1836 : Fringed Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia fragrans]]'' Lindl. 1853 : Fragrant Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia fruticetorum]]'' Schltr. 1913.
* ''[[Sobralia galeottiana]]'' A.Rich. 1845 : Sitting Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia gentryi]]'' Dodson 1998.
* ''[[Sobralia gloriana]]'' Dressler 2002.
* ''[[Sobralia gloriosa]]'' Rchb.f. 1873.
* ''[[Sobralia granitica]]'' G.A.Romero & Carnevali 2000.
* ''[[Sobralia hagsateri]]'' Dodson 1998.
* ''[[Sobralia hawkesii]]'' A.H.Heller 1966.
* ''[[Sobralia helleri]]'' A.D.Hawkes 1966.
* ''[[Sobralia herzogii]]'' Schltr. 1913 : Herzog's Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia hirta]]'' D.E.Benn. & Christenson. 2001
* ''[[Sobralia hirtzii]]'' Dodson 2004 (Ecuador)
* ''[[Sobralia hoppii]]'' Schltr. 1924 : Hopp's Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia infundibuligera]]'' Garay & Dunst. 1965 : Trumpet Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia × intermedia]]'' P.H.Allen 1958.
* ''[[Sobralia kermesina]]'' Garay 1956.
* ''[[Sobralia kerryae]]'' Dressler 1998.
* ''[[Sobralia klotzscheana]]'' Rchb.f. 1850 : Klotzsch' Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia labiata]]'' Warsz. & Rchb.f. 1852.
* ''[[Sobralia lancea]]'' Garay 1958 : Lanceolate Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia leucoxantha]]'' Rchb.f. 1866 : White-yellow Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia liliastrum]]'' Lindl. 1833 : Star-lily Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia lindleyana]]'' Rchb.f. 1852.
* ''[[Sobralia lowii]]'' Rolfe 1890.
* ''[[Sobralia luerorum]]'' Dodson 1998.
* ''[[Sobralia luteola]]'' Rolfe 1898.
* ''[[Sobralia macdougallii]]'' Soto Arenas Pérez-García & Salazar 2002 publ. 2003.
* ''[[Sobralia macra]]'' Schltr. 1923.
* ''[[Sobralia macrantha]]'' Lindl. 1838 : Large-flowered Sobralia
** ''Sobralia macrantha'' var. ''kienastiana'' Rchb.f. 1888.
** ''Sobralia macrantha'' var. ''macrantha''
* ''[[Sobralia macrophylla]]'' Rchb.f. 1852 : Large-leafed Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia madisonii]]'' Dodson 1980.
* ''[[Sobralia maduroi]]'' Dressler 2004 (Colombia)
* ''[[Sobralia malmiana]]'' Pabst 1979.
* ''[[Sobralia malmquistiana]]'' Schltr. 1911.
* ''[[Sobralia margaritae]]'' Pabst 1977.
* ''[[Sobralia mariannae]]'' Dressler 2002.
* ''[[Sobralia mucronata]]'' Ames & C.Schweinf. 1925.
* ''[[Sobralia mutisii]]'' P.Ortiz 2004.
* ''[[Sobralia neudeckeri]]'' Dodson 1998.
* ''[[Sobralia nutans]]'' Dressler 2002.
* ''[[Sobralia odorata]]'' Schltr. 1924.
* ''[[Sobralia oliva-estevae]]'' Carnevali & I.Ramírez 1990.
* ''[[Sobralia oroana]]'' Dodson 1998.
* ''[[Sobralia paludosa]]'' Linden 1851.
* ''[[Sobralia paradisiaca]]'' Rchb.f. 1850.
* ''[[Sobralia pardalina]]'' Garay 1978.
* ''[[Sobralia parviflora]]'' L.O.Williams 1938.
* ''[[Sobralia persimilis]]'' Garay 1978.
* ''[[Sobralia pfavii]]'' Schltr. 1923.
* ''[[Sobralia piedadiae]]'' Dodson 1998.
* ''[[Sobralia portillae]]'' Christenson 2003.
* ''[[Sobralia powellii]]'' Schltr. 1922 : Powell's Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia pulcherrima]]'' Garay 1978 : Very Beautiful Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia pumila]]'' Rolfe 1893 : Dwarf Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia purpurea]]'' Dressler 2000.
* ''[[Sobralia quinata]]'' Dressler 2003.
* ''[[Sobralia rigidissima]]'' Linden ex Rchb.f. 1854.
* ''[[Sobralia roezlii]]'' Rchb.f. 1873 : Roezl's Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia rolfeana]]'' Schltr. 1922.
* ''[[Sobralia rondonii]]'' Hoehne 1910.
* ''[[Sobralia rosea]]'' Poepp. & Endl. 1836 : Rose-colored Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia roseoalba]]'' Rchb.f. 1866.
* ''[[Sobralia ruckeri]]'' Linden & Rchb.f. 1854.
* ''[[Sobralia ruparupaensis]]'' D.E.Benn. & Christenson: 2001.
* ''[[Sobralia rupicola]]'' Kraenzl. 1908.
* ''[[Sobralia sancti-josephi]]'' Kraenzl. 1928.
* ''[[Sobralia sanfelicis]]'' Dressler 2004 (Panama)
* ''[[Sobralia schultzei]]'' Schltr. 1924.
* ''[[Sobralia scopulorum]]'' Rchb.f. 1873.
* ''[[Sobralia semperflorens]]'' Kraenzl. 1915.
* ''[[Sobralia setigera]]'' Poepp. & Endl. 1836.
* ''[[Sobralia sobralioides]]'' Kraenzl. Garay 1978.
* ''[[Sobralia speciosa]]'' C.Schweinf. 1961.
* ''[[Sobralia splendida]]'' Schltr. 1920.
* ''[[Sobralia stenophylla]]'' Lindl. 1854 : Thin-leafed Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia stevensonii]]'' Dodson 1998.
* ''[[Sobralia tamboana]]'' Dodson 1998.
* ''[[Sobralia turkeliae]]'' Christenson 2002.
* ''[[Sobralia undatocarinata]]'' C.Schweinf. 1938.
* ''[[Sobralia uribei]]'' P.Ortiz 1994.
* ''[[Sobralia valida]]'' Rolfe 1909.
* ''[[Sobralia violacea]]'' Linden ex Lindl. 1846 : Violet Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia virginalis]]'' Peeters & [[Cogn.]] 1899 : Virgin Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia warszewiczii]]'' Rchb.f. 1852.
* ''[[Sobralia weberbaueriana]]'' Kraenzl. 1905.
* ''[[Sobralia wilsoniana]]'' Rolfe 1890.
* ''[[Sobralia withneri]]'' D.E.Benn. & Christenson: 2001 : Withner's Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia xantholeuca]]'' B.S.Williams 1885 : Yellow-white Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia yauaperyensis]]'' Barb. Rodr. 1891 : Yauaperi River Sobralia

== Reference ==
Ortiz, V. P. 2004. - Las especies Colombianas de Sobralia Ruiz & Pav., seccion Sobralia. The Colombian species of Sobralia Ruiz & Pav., section Sobralia. Orquideologia 23(1): 49-65

== External links ==
* [http://sobralia.autrevie.com The Sobralia Pages]

[[Category:Orchid genera]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{SPlantbox
 |familia=Orchidaceae
 |genus=Sobralia
 |habit=orchid
 |habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 |Temp Metric=°F
 |jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
-|image=Upload.png
+|image=Sobralia dichotoma.jpg
 |image_width=240
 }}
-__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
+'''''Sobralia''''' is a [[genus]] of about 125 [[orchid]]s ([[family (biology)|family]] Orchidaceae) and the only genus of the subtribe '''Sobraliinae'''.
-| name = ''LATINNAME''   <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->
-| common_names =     <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
+It is native to [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]]. The plants are more commonly terrestrial, but are also found growing [[Epiphyte|epiphytically]], in wet forests from [[sea level]] to about 8,800 ft. The genus was named for Dr. [[Francisco Sobral]], a Spanish [[botanist]]. The genus is abbreviated '''Sob''' in trade journals.
-| growth_habit = ?   <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
-| high = ?   <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
+Their reed-like [[Plant stem|stems]] range in height from about 1 ft (33 cm) (such as in ''Sobralia galeottiana'') to 25-30 ft. (10 m) They have typically heavily veined, bilobed, plicate, apical [[Leaf|leaves]] all along the stem. The [[inflorescence]]s on the apex of the stem carry one or two successive ephemeral [[flower]]s with large [[sepal]]s and [[petal]]s. The short duration of the flower is caused by a self-digesting [[enzyme]]. The [[labellum|lip]] is entire or lobed and clasps the [[column]] at its base. This columns carries eight soft [[pollinium|pollinia]]. These flowers range in color from pure white to yellow, green, pink, purple, red, brown, and even a blue violet.
-| wide =     <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
 {{Inc|
 Sobralia (for Fr. Mart. Sobral, a Spanish botanist). Orchidaceae. Extremely handsome terrestrial orchids with a very distinct habit, some of them comparing well with cattleyas and laelias in bloom.
@@ Line 62: / Line 41: @@
 ==Species==
 A few more commonly cited species{{wp}}:
 *''[[Sobralia decora]]'' - pink-lavender; from [[Mexico]] through Central America;
@@ Line 67: / Line 48: @@
 *''[[Sobralia fimbriata]]'' - white to cream or pale yellow, with fimbriate lip and petals; Andes;
 *''[[Sobralia macrantha]]'' - pink-magenta; from Mexico through Central America;
 *''[[Sobralia sessilis]]'' - pink-lavender; from South America;
 *''[[Sobralia xantholeuca]]'' - yellow; from [[Chiapas]], Mex. and [[Guatemala]];
@@ Line 218: / Line 200: @@
 {{stub}}
-[[Category:Categorize]]
+__NOTOC__

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:29, 30 May 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{SPlantbox
		+	\|familia=Orchidaceae
		+	\|genus=Sobralia
		+	\|habit=orchid
		+	\|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|lifespan=perennial
		+	\|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|Temp Metric=°F
		+	\|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
		+	\|image=Upload.png
		+	\|image_width=240
		+	}}
	__NOTOC__{{Plantbox		__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
	\| name = ''LATINNAME'' <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->		\| name = ''LATINNAME'' <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->

@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 | sunset_zones =     <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
 | color = IndianRed
-| image = Upload.png   <!--- Freesia.jpg -->
+| image = Sobralia macrantha (1847).jpg
-| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
+| image_width = 180px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
-| image_caption =     <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->
+| image_caption = Sobralia macrantha
 | regnum = Plantae
 | divisio = Magnoliophyta
@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 {{SCH}}
 }}
 ==Cultivation==

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:16, 7 July 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{Inc\|
		+	Sobralia (for Fr. Mart. Sobral, a Spanish botanist). Orchidaceae. Extremely handsome terrestrial orchids with a very distinct habit, some of them comparing well with cattleyas and laelias in bloom.
		+
		+	Leaves with sheathing bases, plicate-venose: fls. membranaceous, few, in short, terminal racemes, or solitary; sepals and petals spreading; labellum convolute around the column, terminal portion large, undulate, often fimbriate, smooth or with longitudinal ridges; column slender; pollinia 8.—About 30 or more species, inhabiting the mountains of Mex. and Trop. Amer. The following account comprises the species that appear to be in the American trade, but others are to be found in the collections of fanciers. The plants have slender reed-like sts. clothed with lvs. throughout their entire length. The sts. are tufted, forming bushy plants varying in height according to the species. The fls. are among the largest of the orchids, those of S. macrantha attaining a diam. of 9 in. across the sepals. They are, however, very transient, fading a few days after opening.
		+
		+	Sobralias are charming orchids, and when room can be given to large plants they well repay the space and care they require. Many of them, to be sure, are very fugacious in their blooming, some lasting only a day, but nearly all of them make up for this by a succession of flowers which is more or less rapid. In size the individual blossoms vary from that of an ordinary Cattleya labiata to one scarcely 1 1/2 inches across, and the plants themselves present as great variety, ranging from such as S. fragrans, which grows less than a foot high, to that giant of the tribe, S. Cattleya, which will reach a height of nearly 10 feet. They also give as much variety in their coloring, ranging from a shade of lavender which is almost a blue through different shades of purple to the rich claret-color of S. Lowii, and from yellow to the purest white. Where space for large and bushy plants can be afforded, some of the sobralias will prove most charming plants, having the double advantage of presenting in a well-grown plant not only beautiful blossoms but a subject which is thoroughly attractive as a foliage plant. They also have the added advantage of being, in most instances, of rather easy culture. Given a suitable soil and a liberal supply of water they are almost sure to grow and bloom, although they will do better if they are given their time for rest, when less water is allowed without permitting the material about the roots ever to become quite dry.
		+
		+	S. Amesia- S. Wilsonii x S. xantholeuca. G.C. III. 40:suppl. Aug. 25.—S. Amesiana-S. Wilsonii x S. xantholeuca. G. 31:581.— S. blanda, Kranzl. Fls. 6 in. across, white, except throat and middle portion of disk of lip, which are golden yellow. Hab. (?).—S. Charlesworthii, Hort. Fls. rich rose-purple, with broad purple band around lip and bright yellow crest. Colombia.—S. Cliftoniae, a dwarf, white-fld. species, said to come from Ecuador. G.M. 53: 325. J.H. III. 53:75; 63:3 (both as S. Holfordii).—S. Colmanii -S. xantholeuca x S. Veitchii.—S. Elizabethae - S. Liliastrum.— S. Lanthoinei-S. Ruckeri.—S. Liliastrum, Lindl. Fls. large, white, yellow-veined. Guiana, Brazil.—S. Lucasiana, Hort. Fls. large; sepals and petals white; lip soft rose-purple, throat yellow. Trop. Amer.—S. luminosa- S. Holfordii x S. Wilsonii.—S. Malmquistiana, Schlecht. Fls. pale rose, with orange-yellow blotch on lip. Colombia. O. 1911:59, desc.—S. murabilis- S. Veitchii x S. macrantha Kienastiana.—S. Ruckeri, Lind. & Reichb. f. Sepals and petals pale rose-purple; lip with a white base, marked with a yellow band, the front of lip dark rose-purple. Colombia. G.C. III. 30:67. J.H. III. 48:531. — S. schoenbrunnensis- S. xantholeuca var. superba x S. macrantha. — S. sessilis, Lindl. Sheaths and under surface of lvs. black-pubescent: lvs. sessile, oblong-lanceolate: fls. sessile, rose, the lip darker. Guiana. B.R. 27:17. J.F. 1:104. — S. Siebertiana- S. macrantha Kienastiana x S. Hodgkinsonii.-.S. valida, Rolfe. Fls. about 2 in. long, fragrant, whitish yellow, with deeper yellow band on lip, becoming deep orange in front. Panama. -S. Veitchii, Hort. -S. macrantha x S. xantholeuca. Sepals oblong, somewhat undulate, white, lightly tinted rose-lilac; petals oval-oblong, undulate, white, tinted rose; lip ample, the limb strongly tinted with lilac-violet, the throat orange, the margin strongly undulate-crisped. J.H. III. 63: 171. C.O. Hyb. 1.— S. Wiganiae -S. macrantha x S. xantholeuca. G.M. 45:441.— S. Wilsonii, Rolfe. Fls. large, white, shaded with rose and spotted with purple.
		+	}}
		+
	{{Taxobox		{{Taxobox
	\| color = lightgreen		\| color = lightgreen