Symphoricarpos - Revision history

Raffi at 19:35, 22 June 2010

2010-06-22T19:35:22Z

Murali.lalitha at 14:57, 20 June 2010

2010-06-20T14:57:18Z

Murali.lalitha at 13:20, 5 August 2009

2009-08-05T13:20:16Z

Envoy at 17:05, 13 October 2007

2007-10-13T17:05:46Z

New page

{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Symphoricarpos''
| image = Symphoricarpos albus 7927.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = ''Symphoricarpos albus'' (Common Snowberry)
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Dipsacales]]
| familia = [[Caprifoliaceae]]
| genus = '''''Symphoricarpos'''''
| genus_authority = [[Johann Jacob Dillenius|Dill.]] ex [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = About 15 species; see text
}}

'''''Symphoricarpos''''' is a small genus of about 15 species of [[deciduous]] [[shrub]]s in the family [[Caprifoliaceae]]. All but one are natives of [[North America]] and [[Central America]]; the one remaining is from western [[China]]. Its common names in English are '''Snowberry''' and '''Waxberry'''. It is a member of the [[Honeysuckle|Honeysuckle Family]], the [[Caprifoliaceae]].

The [[leaf|leaves]] are 1.5–5 cm long, rounded, entire or with one or two lobes at the base. The [[flower]]s are small, greenish-white to pink, in small clusters of 5–15 together in most species, solitary or in pairs in some (e.g. ''S. microphyllus''). The [[fruit]] are conspicuous, 1–2 cm in diameter, soft, varying from white (e.g. ''S. albus'') to pink (''S. microphyllus'') to red (''S. orbiculatus'') and in one species (''S. sinensis''), blackish purple.

Common Snowberry (''Symphoricarpos albus'') is an important winter food source for [[quail]], [[pheasant]] and [[grouse]], but is considered poisonous to humans. The berries contain the [[isoquinoline]] [[alkaloid]] [[chelidonine]], as well as other alkaloids. Ingesting the berries causes mild symptoms of vomiting, dizziness, and slight [[sedation]] in children.

;Selected species:
*''[[Symphoricarpos albus]]'' - Common Snowberry
*''[[Symphoricarpos mexicanus]]'' - Mexican Snowberry
*''[[Symphoricarpos microphyllus]]'' - Littleleaf Snowberry
*''[[Symphoricarpos mollis]]'' - Creeping Snowberry
*''[[Symphoricarpos occidentalis]]'' - Western Snowberry or Wolfberry
*''[[Symphoricarpos orbiculatus]]'' - Coralberry
*''[[Symphoricarpos oreophilus]]'' - Mountain Snowberry
*''[[Symphoricarpos rotundifolius]]'' - Roundleaf Snowberry
*''[[Symphoricarpos sinensis]]'' - Chinese Coralberry

===Cultivation and uses===
Common Snowberry is a popular [[ornamental plant|ornamental shrub]] in [[garden]]s, grown for its decorative white fruit. There are two varieties, ''S. albus'' var. ''albus'', native to eastern North America, and ''S. albus'' var. ''laevigatus'' native to the Pacific coast. The latter is a larger shrub, up to 2 m tall, and with slightly larger fruit; it is treated as a distinct species ''S. rivularis'' by some [[botanist]]s.

==References and external links ==
{{commons|Symphoricarpos albus|Common Snowberry}}
*[http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/pp/ppack.info?p_psn=122&p_type=all&p_sci=comm&p_x=px Canadian Poisonous Plants Information System] Notes on poisoning: thin-leaved snowberry
*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/syor.htm ''Symphoricarpos orbiculatus'' images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]

<gallery>
Image:Symphoricarpos albus.jpg|''Symphoricarpos albus'' flowers
Image:Coralberry.jpg|''Symphoricarpos orbiculatus'' fruits, mid-October
Image:Lonicera symphoricarpos Ypey55.jpg| ''Symphoricarpos vulgaris'' . Drawn by Eersde Deel, 1813.
</gallery>

[[Category:Caprifoliaceae]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{SPlantbox
 |familia=Caprifoliaceae
 |genus=Symphoricarpos
 |common_name=Coralberry, Snowberry
 |name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 |Temp Metric=°F
 |jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
-|image=Upload.png
+|image=Symphoricarpos albus 7927.jpg
 |image_width=240
 }}
 {{Inc|
 Symphoricarpos (Greek, symphorein, to bear together and karpos, fruit, referring to the clustered fruits). Sometimes spelled Symphoricarpus. Syn., Symphoria. Caprifoliaceae. Snowberry. Ornamental shrubs grown chiefly for their attractive fruits.
@@ Line 24: / Line 35: @@
 }}
-{{Taxobox
+==Cultivation==
-The [[leaf|leaves]] are 1.5–5 cm long, rounded, entire or with one or two lobes at the base. The [[flower]]s are small, greenish-white to pink, in small clusters of 5–15 together in most species, solitary or in pairs in some (e.g. ''S. microphyllus''). The [[fruit]] are conspicuous, 1–2 cm in diameter, soft, varying from white (e.g. ''S. albus'') to pink (''S. microphyllus'') to red (''S. orbiculatus'') and in one species (''S. sinensis''), blackish purple.
+===Propagation===
-;Selected species:
+===Pests and diseases===
-==References and external links ==
+==Species==
-{{commons|Symphoricarpos albus|Common Snowberry}}
+;Selected species:
-*[http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/pp/ppack.info?p_psn=122&p_type=all&p_sci=comm&p_x=px Canadian Poisonous Plants Information System] Notes on poisoning: thin-leaved snowberry
+*''[[Symphoricarpos acutus]]'', Sharpleaf snowberry
-*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/syor.htm ''Symphoricarpos orbiculatus'' images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]
+*''[[Symphoricarpos albus]]'', Common snowberry
-<gallery>
+==Gallery==
-Image:Symphoricarpos albus.jpg|''Symphoricarpos albus'' flowers
+<gallery perrow=5>
-Image:Coralberry.jpg|''Symphoricarpos orbiculatus'' fruits, mid-October
+File:Symphoricarpos_albus_3049.JPG|''[[Symphoricarpos albus]]'' flowers
-Image:Lonicera symphoricarpos Ypey55.jpg| ''Symphoricarpos vulgaris'' . Drawn by Eersde Deel, 1813.
+Image:Coralberry.jpg|''[[Symphoricarpos orbiculatus]]'' fruits, mid-October
 </gallery>
-[[Category:Caprifoliaceae]]
+{{stub}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:57, 20 June 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{SPlantbox
		+	\|familia=Caprifoliaceae
		+	\|genus=Symphoricarpos
		+	\|common_name=Coralberry, Snowberry
		+	\|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|habit=shrub
		+	\|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|lifespan=perennial
		+	\|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|features=deciduous
		+	\|Temp Metric=°F
		+	\|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
		+	\|image=Upload.png
		+	\|image_width=240
		+	}}
	{{Inc\|		{{Inc\|
	Symphoricarpos (Greek, symphorein, to bear together and karpos, fruit, referring to the clustered fruits). Sometimes spelled Symphoricarpus. Syn., Symphoria. Caprifoliaceae. Snowberry. Ornamental shrubs grown chiefly for their attractive fruits.		Symphoricarpos (Greek, symphorein, to bear together and karpos, fruit, referring to the clustered fruits). Sometimes spelled Symphoricarpus. Syn., Symphoria. Caprifoliaceae. Snowberry. Ornamental shrubs grown chiefly for their attractive fruits.

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:20, 5 August 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{Inc\|
		+	Symphoricarpos (Greek, symphorein, to bear together and karpos, fruit, referring to the clustered fruits). Sometimes spelled Symphoricarpus. Syn., Symphoria. Caprifoliaceae. Snowberry. Ornamental shrubs grown chiefly for their attractive fruits.
		+
		+	Deciduous upright or rarely prostrate shrubs: lvs. opposite, entire, or on vigorous shoots often sinuately dentate or lobed, exstipulate: fls. short-pedicelled, in terminal or axillary clusters or spikes or sometimes solitary; calyx 4-5-toothed; corolla campanulate or tubular, 4-5-lobed; stamens 4-5, included or somewhat exserted, style slender with capitate stigma; ovary with 2 fertile and 2 sterile cells: fr. a 2-seeded berry.—About 15 species in N. Amer., south to Mex. and 1 in W. China; many of the American species are closely related and difficult to distinguish.
		+
		+	The snowberries are low or medium-sized shrubs with slender upright or decumbent stems, spreading more or less by suckers, with small generally oval or ovate leaves and small clustered, rarely solitary, white or pink flowers followed by attractive usually white, rarely pink, dark red or bluish black berries. The flowers are rather insignificant in most species except in S. oreophilus, S. microphyllus and allied species which bear larger tubular nodding flowers and are rather attractive when in bloom. The chief ornamental feature is the fruits which are usually white and retained far into the winter; among the handsomest are S. albus var. laevigatus with heavy clusters of snowy white fruits at the tips of the arching branches, and S. orbiculatus with dark red fruits densely clustered along the slender branches and remaining plump and fresh far into the winter, its foliage also remaining unchanged until severe frost sets in. Some species, as S. albus, S. orbiculatus, and S. occidentalis, are quite hardy North, while S. mollis, S. rotundifolius, and S. oreophilus are hardy as far north as Massachusetts; S. microphyllus is tender. They are excellent plants for borders of shrubberies and for covering the ground under trees, spreading more or less by suckers; they will thrive in almost any soil from heavy clay to dry gravelly banks. Propagation is readily effected by hardwood and by greenwood cuttings, by division, and also by seeds.
		+
		+	S. longiflorus. Gray. Allied to S. oreophilus: lvs. smaller and narrower, acute at both ends: fls. slender, 1/2 in. long; style pubescent. Calif. to Utah and N. Mex.—S. mollis, Gray. Closely allied to S. acutus, but lvs. oval to suborbicular, obtuse. Calif. The plant cult. under this name is usually S. acutus.—S. sinensis, Rehd. Slender glabrous shrub, to 5 ft.: lvs. oval to rhombic-ovate, 1/2 – 1 in. long: fls. in terminal peduncled spikes; corolla campanulate, white: fr. bluish black, bloomy. W. China. Has proved hardy at the Arnold Arboretum.—S. vaccinioides, Rydb. Allied to S. rotundifolius: lvs. elliptic, acute at both ends, puberulous or glabrescent: fls. small. Wash. to Wyo. and Utah.
		+	}}
		+
	{{Taxobox		{{Taxobox
	\| color = lightgreen		\| color = lightgreen