Tropaeolum majus - Revision history

Raffi at 14:46, 4 May 2010

2010-05-04T14:46:31Z

Raffi at 14:43, 4 May 2010

2010-05-04T14:43:18Z

Murali.lalitha at 15:23, 26 April 2010

2010-04-26T15:23:47Z

Raffi at 17:56, 24 September 2009

2009-09-24T17:56:43Z

Murali.lalitha at 10:30, 23 September 2009

2009-09-23T10:30:24Z

Raffi at 06:11, 21 February 2008

2008-02-21T06:11:14Z

New page

{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Tropaeolum majus''
| image = Nasturtium-Tropaeolum.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = Flower and foliage
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Brassicales]]
| familia = [[Tropaeolaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Tropaeolum]]''
| species = '''''T. majus'''''
| binomial = ''Tropaeolum majus''
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
}}

'''''Tropaeolum majus''''' ('''Garden Nasturtium''' or '''Indian Cress''') is a [[flowering plant]] in the family [[Tropaeolaceae]], originating in [[South America]] in the [[Andes]] from [[Bolivia]] north to [[Colombia]]. It is of cultivated, probably [[hybrid]] origin, with possible parent species including ''[[Tropaeolum minus|T. minus]]'', ''[[Tropaeolum moritzianum|T. moritzianum]]'', ''[[Tropaeolum peltophorum|T. peltophorum]]'', and ''[[Tropaeolum peregrinum|T. peregrinum]]''.<ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?40686 ''Tropaeolum majus'']</ref><ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.</ref>

[[Image:Kapuziner-Kresse 7148.jpg|left|thumb|Flower showing nectar spur]]
It is a [[herbaceous]] [[annual plant]] with trailing stems growing to 1 m long or more. The [[leaf|leaves]] are large, nearly circular, 3-15 cm diameter, green to glaucous green above, paler below; they are [[leaf shape|peltate]], with the 5-30 cm long [[petiole (botany)|petiole]] near the middle of the leaf, with several veins radiating to the smoothly rounded or slightly lobed margin. The [[flower]]s are 2.5–6 cm diameter, with five petals, eight stamens, and a 2.5–3 cm long nectar spur at the rear; they vary from yellow to orange to red, frilled and often darker at the base of the petals. The [[fruit]] is 2 cm broad, three-segmented, each segment with a single large seed 1–1.5 cm long.<ref name=jeps>Jepson Flora: [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Tropaeolum+majus ''Tropaeolum majus'']</ref><ref name=pier>Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk: [http://www.hear.org/pier/species/tropaeolum_majus.htm ''Tropaeolum majus'']</ref>

==Cultivation and uses==
It is widely cultivated, both as an [[ornamental plant]] and as a [[medicinal plant]].

Garden Nasturtiums are grown for their flowers, and also because both their leaves and flowers are edible; they can be used in salads, imparting a delicately peppery taste. The seed are also edible, and can be used as a [[caper]] substitute.<ref name=pfaf>Plants For A Future: [http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Tropaeolum+majus ''Tropaeolum majus'']</ref>

It is listed as [[invasive plant|invasive]] in several areas, including [[Hawaii]], [[Lord Howe Island]], and [[New Zealand]].<ref name=pier/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

<gallery>
Image:Tropaeolum majus 02 ies.jpg|Underside of leaf showing petiole attachment
Image:Tropaeolum majus 04 ies.jpg|Flower cut through to show structure
Image:Tropaeolum majus0.jpg|Immature fruit
</gallery>

@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 {{Inc|
 Tropaeolum majus, Linn. Strong-growing somewhat succulent climbing annual: lvs. peltate, nearly orbicular and undulate-angled: fls. large, mostly in shades of yellow or orange, with straight spur, the 2 upper petals entire or undulate (not apiculate), the 3 lower ones narrower and fringed on the claws. Peru, Colombia, and Brazil.—This species has been in cult. in Eu. since 1684. It is the foundation of the common climbing nasturtiums. Some of these garden forms are probably the offspring of hybridization with T. peltophorum. Some of the horticultural color forms are atropurpureum, dark red; atropurpureum foliis-aureis, with golden yellow lvs.; coccineum, scarlet and the form of it with golden lvs. known as coccineum foliis-aureis; Heinemannii, chocolate; hemisphericum, light yellow; luteum, yellow; Regelianum, purple-violet; Scheuerianum, straw-colored, dotted; Scheuerianum coccineum, scarlet, striped; Schillingii, yellow, brown-spotted; Schulzii, scarlet, with dark lvs. Var. flore-pleno, Hort., is a strain with double fls. occurring in different colors. Var. nanum, Hort. Tom Thumb Nasturtiums. A dwarf strain occurring in numerous color-forms, some of which are atrococcineum, brilliant scarlet; atropurpureum, dark purplish red; atrosanguineum, a deep blood-red; coccineum, scarlet and also the golden-lvd. form offered as nanum coccineum foliis-aureis; caeruleo-roseum, dark rose; luteum, clear yellow; Regelianum, purple-violet.
 {{SCH}}

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{SPlantbox
 |familia=Tropaeolaceae
 |genus=Tropaeolum
 |species=majus
-|common_name=Nasturtium
+|common_name=Nasturtium, Garden Nasturtium, Indian Cress
 |name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 |habit=vine-climber
@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 |usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 |max_zone=11
-|image=Upload.png
+|image=Nasturtium-Tropaeolum.jpg
 |image_width=240
 }}
-__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
+'''''Tropaeolum majus''''' ('''Garden Nasturtium''', '''Indian Cress''' or '''Monks Cress''') is a [[flowering plant]] in the family [[Tropaeolaceae]], originating in [[South America]] in the [[Andes]] from [[Bolivia]] north to [[Colombia]]. It is of cultivated, probably [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] origin, with possible parent species including ''[[Tropaeolum minus|T. minus]]'', ''[[Tropaeolum moritzianum|T. moritzianum]]'', ''[[Tropaeolum peltophorum|T. peltophorum]]'', and ''[[Tropaeolum peregrinum|T. peregrinum]]''.<ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?40686 ''Tropaeolum majus'']</ref><ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.</ref>
-| latin_name = ''Tropaeolum majus''
-| common_names = Nasturtium, Garden Nasturtium, Indian Cress
+[[Image:Kapuziner-Kresse 7148.jpg|left|thumb|Flower showing nectar spur]]
-| growth_habit = herbaceous
+It is a [[herbaceous]] [[annual plant]] with trailing stems growing to 1 m long or more. The [[leaf|leaves]] are large, nearly circular, 3-15 cm diameter, green to glaucous green above, paler below; they are [[leaf shape|peltate]], with the 5-30 cm long [[petiole (botany)|petiole]] near the middle of the leaf, with several veins radiating to the smoothly rounded or slightly lobed margin. The [[flower]]s are 2.5–6 cm diameter, with five petals, eight stamens, and a 2.5–3 cm long nectar spur at the rear; they vary from yellow to orange to red, frilled and often darker at the base of the petals. The [[fruit]] is 2 cm broad, three-segmented, each segment with a single large seed 1–1.5 cm long.<ref name=jeps>Jepson Flora: [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Tropaeolum+majus ''Tropaeolum majus'']</ref><ref name=pier>Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk: [http://www.hear.org/pier/species/tropaeolum_majus.htm ''Tropaeolum majus'']</ref>
-| high = ?   <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
-| wide =     <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
+It is widely cultivated, both as an [[ornamental plant]] and as a [[medicinal plant]].
-| origin = ?   <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
-| poisonous =     <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
+Garden Nasturtiums are grown for their flowers, and also because both their leaves and flowers are edible; they can be used in salads, imparting a delicately peppery taste. The seeds are also edible, and can be used as a [[caper]] substitute.<ref name=pfaf>Plants For A Future: [http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Tropaeolum+majus ''Tropaeolum majus'']</ref>
-| lifespan = annual
-| exposure = ?   <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
+It is listed as [[invasive plant|invasive]] in several areas, including [[Hawaii]], [[Lord Howe Island]], and [[New Zealand]].<ref name=pier/>
-| water = ?   <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
 {{Inc|
 [[Image:Kapuziner-Kresse 7148.jpg|left|thumb|Flower showing nectar spur]]
-Tropaeolum majus, Linn. Fig. 3855. Strong-growing somewhat succulent climbing annual: lvs. peltate, nearly orbicular and undulate-angled: fls. large, mostly in shades of yellow or orange, with straight spur, the 2 upper petals entire or undulate (not apiculate), the 3 lower ones narrower and fringed on the claws. Peru, Colombia, and Brazil. G. 4: 2. B.M. 23; 3375 (var. atrosanguineum). F.S. 12:1286 (var. atropurpureum nanum). P.M. 1:176 (var. atrosanguineum). G.C. II. 11:665.—This species has been in cult. in Eu. since 1684. It is the foundation of the common climbing nasturtiums. Some of these garden forms are probably the offspring of hybridization with T. peltophorum. Some of the horticultural color forms are atropurpureum, dark red; atropurpureum foliis-aureis, with golden yellow lvs.; coccineum, scarlet and the form of it with golden lvs. known as coccineum foliis-aureis; Heinemannii, chocolate; hemisphericum, light yellow; luteum, yellow; Regelianum, purple-violet; Scheuerianum, straw-colored, dotted; Scheuerianum coccineum, scarlet, striped; Schillingii, yellow, brown-spotted; Schulzii, scarlet, with dark lvs. Var. flore-pleno, Hort., is a strain with double fls. occurring in different colors. Var. nanum, Hort. Tom Thumb Nasturtiums. A dwarf strain occurring in numerous color-forms, some of which are atrococcineum, brilliant scarlet; atropurpureum, dark purplish red; atrosanguineum, a deep blood-red; coccineum, scarlet and also the golden-lvd. form offered as nanum coccineum foliis-aureis; caeruleo-roseum, dark rose; luteum, clear yellow; Regelianum, purple-violet.
+Tropaeolum majus, Linn. Strong-growing somewhat succulent climbing annual: lvs. peltate, nearly orbicular and undulate-angled: fls. large, mostly in shades of yellow or orange, with straight spur, the 2 upper petals entire or undulate (not apiculate), the 3 lower ones narrower and fringed on the claws. Peru, Colombia, and Brazil.—This species has been in cult. in Eu. since 1684. It is the foundation of the common climbing nasturtiums. Some of these garden forms are probably the offspring of hybridization with T. peltophorum. Some of the horticultural color forms are atropurpureum, dark red; atropurpureum foliis-aureis, with golden yellow lvs.; coccineum, scarlet and the form of it with golden lvs. known as coccineum foliis-aureis; Heinemannii, chocolate; hemisphericum, light yellow; luteum, yellow; Regelianum, purple-violet; Scheuerianum, straw-colored, dotted; Scheuerianum coccineum, scarlet, striped; Schillingii, yellow, brown-spotted; Schulzii, scarlet, with dark lvs. Var. flore-pleno, Hort., is a strain with double fls. occurring in different colors. Var. nanum, Hort. Tom Thumb Nasturtiums. A dwarf strain occurring in numerous color-forms, some of which are atrococcineum, brilliant scarlet; atropurpureum, dark purplish red; atrosanguineum, a deep blood-red; coccineum, scarlet and also the golden-lvd. form offered as nanum coccineum foliis-aureis; caeruleo-roseum, dark rose; luteum, clear yellow; Regelianum, purple-violet.
 {{SCH}}
 }}
@@ Line 71: / Line 58: @@
 ==Gallery==
-{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
+<gallery perrow=5>
 Image:Tropaeolum majus 04 ies.jpg|Flower cut through to show structure
 Image:Tropaeolum majus0.jpg|Immature fruit
 Image:Upload.png| upload your photo
 </gallery>
@@ Line 89: / Line 75: @@
 {{stub}}
-[[Category:Categorize]]
+__NOTOC__

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:23, 26 April 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{SPlantbox
		+	\|familia=Tropaeolaceae
		+	\|genus=Tropaeolum
		+	\|species=majus
		+	\|common_name=Nasturtium
		+	\|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|habit=vine-climber
		+	\|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|Max ht box=10
		+	\|Max ht metric=ft
		+	\|height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|Max wd box=10
		+	\|Max wd metric=ft
		+	\|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|lifespan=annual
		+	\|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|exposure=sun, part-sun
		+	\|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|features=flowers, edible, fruit
		+	\|flower_season=early summer, mid summer, late summer
		+	\|flower_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|flowers=red, orange, yellow, pink
		+	\|Temp Metric=°F
		+	\|min_zone=9
		+	\|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|max_zone=11
		+	\|image=Upload.png
		+	\|image_width=240
		+	}}
	__NOTOC__{{Plantbox		__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
	\| latin_name = ''Tropaeolum majus''		\| latin_name = ''Tropaeolum majus''

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:30, 23 September 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{Inc\|
		+	Tropaeolum majus, Linn. Fig. 3855. Strong-growing somewhat succulent climbing annual: lvs. peltate, nearly orbicular and undulate-angled: fls. large, mostly in shades of yellow or orange, with straight spur, the 2 upper petals entire or undulate (not apiculate), the 3 lower ones narrower and fringed on the claws. Peru, Colombia, and Brazil. G. 4: 2. B.M. 23; 3375 (var. atrosanguineum). F.S. 12:1286 (var. atropurpureum nanum). P.M. 1:176 (var. atrosanguineum). G.C. II. 11:665.—This species has been in cult. in Eu. since 1684. It is the foundation of the common climbing nasturtiums. Some of these garden forms are probably the offspring of hybridization with T. peltophorum. Some of the horticultural color forms are atropurpureum, dark red; atropurpureum foliis-aureis, with golden yellow lvs.; coccineum, scarlet and the form of it with golden lvs. known as coccineum foliis-aureis; Heinemannii, chocolate; hemisphericum, light yellow; luteum, yellow; Regelianum, purple-violet; Scheuerianum, straw-colored, dotted; Scheuerianum coccineum, scarlet, striped; Schillingii, yellow, brown-spotted; Schulzii, scarlet, with dark lvs. Var. flore-pleno, Hort., is a strain with double fls. occurring in different colors. Var. nanum, Hort. Tom Thumb Nasturtiums. A dwarf strain occurring in numerous color-forms, some of which are atrococcineum, brilliant scarlet; atropurpureum, dark purplish red; atrosanguineum, a deep blood-red; coccineum, scarlet and also the golden-lvd. form offered as nanum coccineum foliis-aureis; caeruleo-roseum, dark rose; luteum, clear yellow; Regelianum, purple-violet.
		+	}}
		+
	{{Taxobox		{{Taxobox
	\| color = lightgreen		\| color = lightgreen

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Inc|
 Tropaeolum majus, Linn. Fig. 3855. Strong-growing somewhat succulent climbing annual: lvs. peltate, nearly orbicular and undulate-angled: fls. large, mostly in shades of yellow or orange, with straight spur, the 2 upper petals entire or undulate (not apiculate), the 3 lower ones narrower and fringed on the claws. Peru, Colombia, and Brazil. G. 4: 2. B.M. 23; 3375 (var. atrosanguineum). F.S. 12:1286 (var. atropurpureum nanum). P.M. 1:176 (var. atrosanguineum). G.C. II. 11:665.—This species has been in cult. in Eu. since 1684. It is the foundation of the common climbing nasturtiums. Some of these garden forms are probably the offspring of hybridization with T. peltophorum. Some of the horticultural color forms are atropurpureum, dark red; atropurpureum foliis-aureis, with golden yellow lvs.; coccineum, scarlet and the form of it with golden lvs. known as coccineum foliis-aureis; Heinemannii, chocolate; hemisphericum, light yellow; luteum, yellow; Regelianum, purple-violet; Scheuerianum, straw-colored, dotted; Scheuerianum coccineum, scarlet, striped; Schillingii, yellow, brown-spotted; Schulzii, scarlet, with dark lvs. Var. flore-pleno, Hort., is a strain with double fls. occurring in different colors. Var. nanum, Hort. Tom Thumb Nasturtiums. A dwarf strain occurring in numerous color-forms, some of which are atrococcineum, brilliant scarlet; atropurpureum, dark purplish red; atrosanguineum, a deep blood-red; coccineum, scarlet and also the golden-lvd. form offered as nanum coccineum foliis-aureis; caeruleo-roseum, dark rose; luteum, clear yellow; Regelianum, purple-violet.
 }}
-{{Taxobox
+==Cultivation==
-| color = lightgreen
+{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
-==Cultivation and uses==
+===Propagation===
-It is widely cultivated, both as an [[ornamental plant]] and as a [[medicinal plant]].
+{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
-Garden Nasturtiums are grown for their flowers, and also because both their leaves and flowers are edible; they can be used in salads, imparting a delicately peppery taste. The seed are also edible, and can be used as a [[caper]] substitute.<ref name=pfaf>Plants For A Future: [http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Tropaeolum+majus ''Tropaeolum majus'']</ref>
+===Pests and diseases===
-It is listed as [[invasive plant|invasive]] in several areas, including [[Hawaii]], [[Lord Howe Island]], and [[New Zealand]].<ref name=pier/>
+==Species==
-==References==
+==Gallery==
-{{reflist}}
+{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
 <gallery>
 Image:Tropaeolum majus 04 ies.jpg|Flower cut through to show structure
 Image:Tropaeolum majus0.jpg|Immature fruit
 </gallery>