Typha - Revision history

Raffi at 13:50, 5 May 2010

2010-05-05T13:50:18Z

Raffi at 13:49, 5 May 2010

2010-05-05T13:49:27Z

Murali.lalitha at 06:02, 28 April 2010

2010-04-28T06:02:37Z

Raffi at 00:39, 29 September 2009

2009-09-29T00:39:48Z

Murali.lalitha at 07:36, 28 September 2009

2009-09-28T07:36:34Z

Envoy at 12:20, 17 July 2007

2007-07-17T12:20:04Z

New page

{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Typha''
| image = Typha latifolia 02 bgiu.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''[[Typha latifolia]]''
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Poales]]
| familia = '''Typhaceae'''
| familia_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]
| genus = '''''Typha'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}

'''''Typha''''' is a [[genus]] of about eleven [[species]] of [[monocot]]yledonous flowering plants in the [[monogeneric]] family, '''Typhaceae'''. The genus has a largely [[Northern Hemisphere]] distribution, but is essentially [[cosmopolitan distribution|cosmopolitan]]. These plants are known as '''bulrush''' or '''bullrush''' (mainly in [[British English]]), '''cattail''' or '''punks''' (mainly in [[American English]]), or in some older British texts or the current guide book ''Collins Complete British Wildlife'' as '''Great Reedmace'''.
[[Image:Typha-cattails-in-indiana.jpg|thumb|''Typha'' plants at the edge of a small wetland in [[Marshall County, Indiana|Indiana]].]]
__TOC__

Cattails or bulrushes are [[wetland]] plants, typically 1 to 7 m tall (''T. minima'' is smaller: 0.5-1 m), with spongy, strap-like leaves and starchy, creeping stems ([[rhizome]]s). The leaves are alternate and mostly basal to a simple, jointless stem that eventually bears the flowers. The rhizomes spread horizontally beneath the surface of muddy ground to start new upright growth, and the spread of cattails is an important part of the process of open water bodies being converted to vegetated [[marshland]] and eventually dry land.

''Typha'' plants are [[monoecious]], wind-pollinated, and bear [[unisexual]] flowers developing in dense, complex [[raceme|spike]]s. The male flower spike develops at the top of the vertical stem, above the female flower spike (see figure below). The male (staminate) flowers are reduced to a pair of [[stamen]]s and hairs and wither once the [[pollen]] is shed, leaving a short, bare stem portion above the female [[inflorescence]]. The dense cluster of female flowers forms a cylindrical spike some 10 to as much as 40 cm long and 1 to 4 cm broad. Seeds are minute (about 0.2 mm long), and attached to a thin hair or stalk, which effects wind dispersal. ''Typha'' are often among the first wetland plants to colonize areas of newly exposed wet mud.

Some classifications include the genus ''Sparganium'' ([[Sparganiaceae]]) in Typhaceae.

== Species ==
*''[[Typha angustifolia]]'' - Lesser Bulrush or Narrow Leaf Cattail
*''Typha angustifolia x T. latifolia'' - Hybrid or White Cattail
*''[[Typha domingensis]]'' - Southern Cattail
*''[[Typha latifolia]]'' - Common Cattail
*''[[Typha laxmannii]]'' - Laxman's Bulrush
*''[[Typha minima]]'' - Dwarf Bulrush
*''[[Typha orientalis]]'' - Raupo
*''[[Typha shuttleworthii]]'' - Shuttleworth's Bulrush

The most widespread species is ''Typha latifolia'', extending across the entire temperate Northern Hemisphere. ''T. angustifolia'' is nearly as widespread, but does not extend so far north. ''T. domingensis'' is a more southerly [[The Americas|American]] species, extending from the [[United States|U.S.]] to [[South America]], while ''T. laxmannii'', ''T. minima'' and ''T. shuttleworthii'' are largely restricted to [[Asia]] and parts of southern [[Europe]].

[[Image:Typha latifolia 02 bgiu.jpg|thumb|left|''Typha latifolia'']]

''Typha'' plants grow along lake margins and in marshes, often in dense colonies, and are sometimes considered a weed in managed wetlands. The plant's root systems help prevent [[erosion]], and the plants themselves are often home to many insects, birds and [[amphibia]]ns.

In North America, the native cattails are increasingly being supplanted by the [[Invasive species|invasive]] [[purple loosestrife]] ''Lythrum salicaria''.

==Edible uses==
Cattail has a wide variety of parts that are edible to humans. The [[rhizomes]] are a pleasant, nutritious and energy-rich food source, generally harves
ted from late Fall to early Spring. These are starchy, but also fibrous, so the starch must be scraped or sucked from the tough fibers. In addition to the rhizomes, cattails have little-known, underground, lateral stems that are quite tasty. In late Spring, the bases of the leaves, while they are young and tender, can be eaten raw or cooked. As the flower spike is developing in early Summer, it can be broken off and eaten, and in mid-Summer, once the flowers are mature, the [[pollen]] can be collected and used as a flour supplement or thickener.

==Stuffing==
[[Image:IMG 1077.JPG|thumb|''Typha'' seeds are very small, embedded in down parachutes, and very effectively wind-dispersed]]
The disintegrating heads are used by some birds to line their nests. The downy material was also used by [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]]s as [[tinder]] for starting fires.

Native American tribes also used cattail down to line [[moccasins]] and [[Cradle board|papoose boards]]. An Indian name for cattail meant, “fruit for papoose’s bed”. Today some people still use cattail down to stuff clothing items and pillows.

The down has also been used to fill [[Personal flotation device|life vests]] in the same manner as [[kapok]].

==External links==
* [http://cattails.wordpress.com International Society Of People Who Sleep With Cattail Pillows]

[[Category:Poales]]
[[Category:Root vegetables]]
[[Category:Inflorescence vegetables]]
[[Category:Underutilized crops]]

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 |Temp Metric=°F
 |jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
-|image=Upload.png
+|image=Typha_latifolia_02_bgiu.jpg
 |image_width=240
 }}
 '''''Typha''''' is a [[genus]] of about eleven [[species]] of [[monocot]]yledonous flowering plants in the [[monogeneric]] family, Typhaceae. The genus has a largely [[Northern Hemisphere]] distribution, but is essentially [[cosmopolitan distribution|cosmopolitan]], being found in a variety of [[wetland]] habitats. These plants are known in [[British English]] as '''bulrush''', '''bullrush''' or '''reedmace''',<ref>''Collins Complete British Wildlife''</ref> in [[American English]] as '''cattail''', '''punks''', or '''[[corndog]] grass''', and in [[New Zealand]] as '''[[raupo]]'''. ''Typha'' should not be confused with other plants known as [[bulrush]], such as some [[Cyperaceae|sedges]] (mostly in ''[[Scirpus]]'' and related [[genus|genera]]).
@@ Line 15: / Line 16: @@
 ''Typha'' leaves are alternate and mostly basal to a simple, jointless stem that eventually bears the flowering spikes. The [[rhizome]]s spread horizontally beneath the surface of muddy ground to start new upright growth, and the spread of ''Typha'' is an important part of the process of open water bodies being converted to vegetated [[marshland]] and eventually dry land.
-''Typha'' plants are [[monoecious]] and bear [[unisexual]], wind-pollinated flowers, developing in dense [[raceme|spike]]s. The numerous male flowers form a narrow spike at the top of the vertical stem. Each male (staminate) flower is reduced to a pair of [[stamen]]s and hairs, and withers once the [[pollen]] is shed.  The very large numbers of tiny female flowers form a dense, [[sausage]]-shaped spike on the stem below the male spike &ndash; in larger species this can be up to {{Convert|30|cm|in|sigfig=2}} long and {{Convert|1|to|4|cm|in}} thick. Seeds are minute, {{Convert|0.2|mm|in}} long, and attached to a fine hair.  When ripe the heads disintegrate into dense cottony fluff, from which the seeds [[wind dispersal|disperse by wind]]. ''Typha'' is often among the first wetland plants to colonize areas of newly exposed wet mud; it also spreads by [[rhizomes]], forming dense stands often to the exclusion of other plants.
+''Typha'' plants are [[monoecious]] and bear [[unisexual]], wind-pollinated flowers, developing in dense [[raceme|spike]]s. The numerous male flowers form a narrow spike at the top of the vertical stem. Each male (staminate) flower is reduced to a pair of [[stamen]]s and hairs, and withers once the [[pollen]] is shed.  The very large numbers of tiny female flowers form a dense, [[sausage]]-shaped spike on the stem below the male spike – in larger species this can be up to {{Convert|30|cm|in|sigfig=2}} long and {{Convert|1|to|4|cm|in}} thick. Seeds are minute, {{Convert|0.2|mm|in}} long, and attached to a fine hair.  When ripe the heads disintegrate into dense cottony fluff, from which the seeds [[wind dispersal|disperse by wind]]. ''Typha'' is often among the first wetland plants to colonize areas of newly exposed wet mud; it also spreads by [[rhizomes]], forming dense stands often to the exclusion of other plants.
 {{Inc|

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 |common_name=Bulrush, Cat-tail, Reed mace
 |name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 |Temp Metric=°F
 |jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
@@ Line 9: / Line 11: @@
 |image_width=240
 }}
-__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
+'''''Typha''''' is a [[genus]] of about eleven [[species]] of [[monocot]]yledonous flowering plants in the [[monogeneric]] family, Typhaceae. The genus has a largely [[Northern Hemisphere]] distribution, but is essentially [[cosmopolitan distribution|cosmopolitan]], being found in a variety of [[wetland]] habitats. These plants are known in [[British English]] as '''bulrush''', '''bullrush''' or '''reedmace''',<ref>''Collins Complete British Wildlife''</ref> in [[American English]] as '''cattail''', '''punks''', or '''[[corndog]] grass''', and in [[New Zealand]] as '''[[raupo]]'''. ''Typha'' should not be confused with other plants known as [[bulrush]], such as some [[Cyperaceae|sedges]] (mostly in ''[[Scirpus]]'' and related [[genus|genera]]).
-| latin_name = ''LATINNAME''   <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->
-| common_names =     <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
+''Typha'' leaves are alternate and mostly basal to a simple, jointless stem that eventually bears the flowering spikes. The [[rhizome]]s spread horizontally beneath the surface of muddy ground to start new upright growth, and the spread of ''Typha'' is an important part of the process of open water bodies being converted to vegetated [[marshland]] and eventually dry land.
-| growth_habit = ?   <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
-| high = ?   <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
+''Typha'' plants are [[monoecious]] and bear [[unisexual]], wind-pollinated flowers, developing in dense [[raceme|spike]]s. The numerous male flowers form a narrow spike at the top of the vertical stem. Each male (staminate) flower is reduced to a pair of [[stamen]]s and hairs, and withers once the [[pollen]] is shed.  The very large numbers of tiny female flowers form a dense, [[sausage]]-shaped spike on the stem below the male spike &ndash; in larger species this can be up to {{Convert|30|cm|in|sigfig=2}} long and {{Convert|1|to|4|cm|in}} thick. Seeds are minute, {{Convert|0.2|mm|in}} long, and attached to a fine hair.  When ripe the heads disintegrate into dense cottony fluff, from which the seeds [[wind dispersal|disperse by wind]]. ''Typha'' is often among the first wetland plants to colonize areas of newly exposed wet mud; it also spreads by [[rhizomes]], forming dense stands often to the exclusion of other plants.
-| wide =     <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
 {{Inc|
 Typha (ancient name). Typhaceae. Cat-tail. Reed Mace. Hardy perennial marsh- or swamp-growing herbs, useful in the water-garden or along brooks or the margins of ponds.
-Plants forming colonies, slender or stout, often tall, smooth: rhizome strong, creeping: sts. erect, simple, base often under water: radical lvs. linear-elongated, rather thick, spongy, with or without ribs; cauline lvs. few and shorter: peduncles erect, terete, strict and not divided: spadices, male and female similar, superposed: fls. monoecious, densely clustered in the cylindrical spadix; perianth consisting of slender hairs: fr. minute, subsessile. — About 17 species, temperate and tropical regions. Monographed by Graebner in Engler's Pflanzenreich, hft. 2 (IV. 8) in 1900.
+Plants forming colonies, slender or stout, often tall, smooth: rhizome strong, creeping: sts. erect, simple, base often under water: radical lvs. linear-elongated, rather thick, spongy, with or without ribs; cauline lvs. few and shorter: peduncles erect, terete, strict and not divided: spadices, male and female similar, superposed: fls. monoecious, densely clustered in the cylindrical spadix; perianth consisting of slender hairs: fr. minute, subsessile. — About 17 species, temperate and tropical regions.
 {{SCH}}
 }}
@@ Line 51: / Line 36: @@
 Partial list{{wp}}:
 *''[[Typha angustifolia]]'' - Lesser Bulrush or Narrow Leaf Cattail
-*''Typha angustifolia x T. latifolia'' - Hybrid or White Cattail
+*''[[Typha capensis]]'' - Cape bulrush
 *''[[Typha domingensis]]'' - Southern Cattail
 *''[[Typha latifolia]]'' - Common Cattail
 *''[[Typha laxmannii]]'' - Laxman's Bulrush
 *''[[Typha minima]]'' - Dwarf Bulrush
 *''[[Typha orientalis]]'' - Raupo
 *''[[Typha shuttleworthii]]'' - Shuttleworth's Bulrush
@@ Line 81: / Line 68: @@
 {{stub}}
-[[Category:Categorize]]
+__NOTOC__

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:02, 28 April 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{SPlantbox
		+	\|familia=Typhaceae
		+	\|genus=Typha
		+	\|common_name=Bulrush, Cat-tail, Reed mace
		+	\|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
		+	\|Temp Metric=°F
		+	\|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
		+	\|image=Upload.png
		+	\|image_width=240
		+	}}
	__NOTOC__{{Plantbox		__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
	\| latin_name = ''LATINNAME'' <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->		\| latin_name = ''LATINNAME'' <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:36, 28 September 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{Inc\|
		+	Typha (ancient name). Typhaceae. Cat-tail. Reed Mace. Hardy perennial marsh- or swamp-growing herbs, useful in the water-garden or along brooks or the margins of ponds.
		+
		+	Plants forming colonies, slender or stout, often tall, smooth: rhizome strong, creeping: sts. erect, simple, base often under water: radical lvs. linear-elongated, rather thick, spongy, with or without ribs; cauline lvs. few and shorter: peduncles erect, terete, strict and not divided: spadices, male and female similar, superposed: fls. monoecious, densely clustered in the cylindrical spadix; perianth consisting of slender hairs: fr. minute, subsessile. — About 17 species, temperate and tropical regions. Monographed by Graebner in Engler's Pflanzenreich, hft. 2 (IV. 8) in 1900.
		+	}}
		+
	{{Taxobox		{{Taxobox
	\| color = lightgreen		\| color = lightgreen

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Inc|
 Typha (ancient name). Typhaceae. Cat-tail. Reed Mace. Hardy perennial marsh- or swamp-growing herbs, useful in the water-garden or along brooks or the margins of ponds.
 Plants forming colonies, slender or stout, often tall, smooth: rhizome strong, creeping: sts. erect, simple, base often under water: radical lvs. linear-elongated, rather thick, spongy, with or without ribs; cauline lvs. few and shorter: peduncles erect, terete, strict and not divided: spadices, male and female similar, superposed: fls. monoecious, densely clustered in the cylindrical spadix; perianth consisting of slender hairs: fr. minute, subsessile. — About 17 species, temperate and tropical regions. Monographed by Graebner in Engler's Pflanzenreich, hft. 2 (IV. 8) in 1900.
 }}
-{{Taxobox
+==Cultivation==
-| color = lightgreen
+{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
-Cattails or bulrushes are [[wetland]] plants, typically 1 to 7 m tall (''T. minima'' is smaller: 0.5-1 m), with spongy, strap-like leaves and starchy, creeping stems ([[rhizome]]s). The leaves are alternate and mostly basal to a simple, jointless stem that eventually bears the flowers. The rhizomes spread horizontally beneath the surface of muddy ground to start new upright growth, and the spread of cattails is an important part of the process of open water bodies being converted to vegetated [[marshland]] and eventually dry land.
+===Propagation===
-''Typha'' plants are [[monoecious]], wind-pollinated, and bear [[unisexual]] flowers developing in dense, complex [[raceme|spike]]s. The male flower spike develops at the top of the vertical stem, above the female flower spike (see figure below). The male (staminate) flowers are reduced to a pair of [[stamen]]s and hairs and wither once the [[pollen]] is shed, leaving a short, bare stem portion above the female [[inflorescence]]. The dense cluster of female flowers forms a cylindrical spike some 10 to as much as 40 cm long and 1 to 4 cm broad. Seeds are minute (about 0.2 mm long), and attached to a thin hair or stalk, which effects wind dispersal. ''Typha'' are often among the first wetland plants to colonize areas of newly exposed wet mud.
+===Pests and diseases===
-Some classifications include the genus ''Sparganium'' ([[Sparganiaceae]]) in Typhaceae.
+==Species==
+Partial list{{wp}}:
 *''[[Typha angustifolia]]'' - Lesser Bulrush or Narrow Leaf Cattail
 *''Typha angustifolia x T. latifolia'' - Hybrid or White Cattail
@@ Line 43: / Line 49: @@
 *''[[Typha shuttleworthii]]'' - Shuttleworth's Bulrush
-The most widespread species is ''Typha latifolia'', extending across the entire temperate Northern Hemisphere. ''T. angustifolia'' is nearly as widespread, but does not extend so far north. ''T. domingensis'' is a more southerly [[The Americas|American]] species, extending from the [[United States|U.S.]] to [[South America]], while ''T. laxmannii'', ''T. minima'' and ''T. shuttleworthii'' are largely restricted to [[Asia]] and parts of southern [[Europe]].
+The most widespread species is ''Typha latifolia'', extending across the entire temperate Northern Hemisphere. ''T. angustifolia'' is nearly as widespread, but does not extend so far north. ''T. domingensis'' is a more southerly [[The Americas|American]] species, extending from the [[United States|U.S.]] to [[South America]], while ''T. laxmannii'', ''T. minima'' and ''T. shuttleworthii'' are largely restricted to [[Asia]] and parts of southern [[Europe]]{{wp}}.
-[[Image:Typha latifolia 02 bgiu.jpg|thumb|left|''Typha latifolia'']]
+==Gallery==
-''Typha'' plants grow along lake margins and in marshes, often in dense colonies, and are sometimes considered a weed in managed wetlands. The plant's root systems help prevent [[erosion]], and the plants themselves are often home to many insects, birds and [[amphibia]]ns.
+<gallery>
-In North America, the native cattails are increasingly being supplanted by the [[Invasive species|invasive]] [[purple loosestrife]] ''Lythrum salicaria''.
+==References==
-==Edible uses==
+==External links==
-Cattail has a wide variety of parts that are edible to humans. The [[rhizomes]] are a pleasant, nutritious and energy-rich food source, generally harves
+*{{wplink}}
-==Stuffing==
+{{stub}}
-[[Image:IMG 1077.JPG|thumb|''Typha'' seeds are very small, embedded in down parachutes, and very effectively wind-dispersed]]
+[[Category:Categorize]]
-[[Category:Poales]]
+<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->