Raffi at 19:47, 24 January 2008

2008-01-24T19:47:24Z

Raffi at 05:16, 6 April 2007

2007-04-06T05:16:26Z

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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Vascular Plants
| image = PinusSylvestris.jpg
| fossil_range = Early [[Silurian]] - Recent
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae (in part)
| subdivision_ranks = '''Divisions'''
| subdivision =
*Non-seed-bearing plants
**[[Horsetail|Equisetophyta]]
**[[Lycopodiophyta]]
**[[Psilotophyta]]
**[[fern|Pteridophyta]]
*Superdivision [[Spermatophyta]]
**[[Pinophyta]]
**[[Cycad|Cycadophyta]]
**[[Ginkgo|Ginkgophyta]]
**[[Gnetophyta]]
**[[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
}}

The '''vascular plants''' are plants in the kingdom [[Plantae]] (also called Viridiplantae) that have specialized tissues for conducting water. Vascular plants include the [[fern]]s, [[clubmoss]]es, [[horsetail]]s, [[flowering plant]]s, [[conifer]]s and other [[gymnosperm]]s. Scientific names are ''Tracheophyta'' and ''Tracheobionta'', but neither is very widely used. [[Nonvascular plant]]s include both earlier-derived lineages in Plantae ([[moss]]es, [[hornwort]]s, and [[Marchantiophyta|liverwort]]s) and members of other kingdoms (the various [[alga]]e).

The vascular plants are set apart in two important ways:
# Vascular plants have vascular tissues, enabling the plants to evolve to a larger size. Non-vascular plants lack these and are restricted to relatively small sizes.
# In vascular plants, the principal generation phase is the ''[[sporophyte]]'', which is [[diploid]] with two sets of chromosomes per cell. In non-vascular plants, the principal generation phase is often the ''[[gametophyte]]'', which is [[haploid]] with one set of chromosomes per cell. See also ''[[alternation of generations]]'' and ''[[life history]]''.

Water transport happens in either xylem or phloem: [[xylem]] carries water and inorganic solutes upward toward the leaves from the roots, while [[phloem]] carries organic solutes throughout the plant.

====Members====
*Spore-bearing vascular plants
**[[Horsetail|Equisetophyta]] ~ horsetails
**[[Lycopodiophyta]] ~ clubmosses, spikemosses, quillworts
**[[Psilotophyta]] ~ whisk-ferns
**[[Fern|Pteridophyta]]~ ferns

*Seed-bearing vascular plants - Superdivision [[Spermatophyta]]
**[[Pinophyta]] ~ conifers
**[[Cycad]]ophyta ~ cycads
**[[Ginkgo]]phyta ~ ginkgoes
**[[Gnetophyta]] ~ gnetophytes
**[[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] ~ flowering plants

==See also==
*[[Fern ally|Fern allies]]

[[Category:Plants]]
[[Category:Botany]]

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 | subdivision_ranks = '''Divisions'''
 | subdivision =
-*Non-seed-bearing plants
+* Non-seed-bearing plants
-**[[Horsetail|Equisetophyta]]
+** †[[Rhyniophyta]]
-**[[Lycopodiophyta]]
+** †[[Zosterophyllophyta]]
-**[[Psilotophyta]]
+** [[Lycopodiophyta]]
-**[[fern|Pteridophyta]]
+** †[[Trimerophytophyta]]
-*Superdivision [[Spermatophyta]]
+** [[Fern|Pteridophyta]]
-**[[Pinophyta]]
+* Superdivision [[Spermatophyta]]
-**[[Cycad|Cycadophyta]]
+** †[[Pteridospermatophyta]]
-**[[Ginkgo|Ginkgophyta]]
+** [[Pinophyta]]
-**[[Gnetophyta]]
+** [[Cycad]]ophyta
-**[[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
+** [[Ginkgo]]phyta
 }}
-The '''vascular plants''' are plants in the kingdom [[Plantae]] (also called Viridiplantae) that have specialized tissues for conducting water.  Vascular plants include the [[fern]]s, [[clubmoss]]es, [[horsetail]]s, [[flowering plant]]s, [[conifer]]s and other [[gymnosperm]]s. Scientific names are ''Tracheophyta'' and ''Tracheobionta'', but neither is very widely used. [[Nonvascular plant]]s include both earlier-derived lineages in Plantae ([[moss]]es, [[hornwort]]s, and [[Marchantiophyta|liverwort]]s) and members of other kingdoms (the various [[alga]]e).
+'''Vascular plants''' (also known as '''tracheophytes''' or '''higher plants''') are those [[plant]]s that have [[lignin|lignified]] [[tissue (biology)|tissues]] for conducting water, minerals, and photosynthetic products through the plant.  Vascular plants include the [[fern]]s, [[clubmoss]]es, [[flowering plant]]s, [[conifer]]s and other [[gymnosperm]]s. Scientific names for the group include ''Tracheophyta'' and ''Tracheobionta'', but neither name is very widely used.
-The vascular plants are set apart in two important ways:
+==Characters==
-# Vascular plants have vascular tissues,  enabling the plants to evolve to a larger size. Non-vascular plants lack these and are restricted to relatively small sizes.
+Vascular plants are distinguished by two primary characteristics:
-# In vascular plants, the principal generation phase is the ''[[sporophyte]]'', which is [[diploid]] with two sets of chromosomes per cell. In non-vascular plants, the principal generation phase is often the ''[[gametophyte]]'', which is [[haploid]] with one set of chromosomes per cell.  See also ''[[alternation of generations]]'' and ''[[life history]]''.
+# Vascular plants have [[vascular tissue]]s, which circulate resources through the plant.  This feature allows vascular plants to evolve to a larger size than non-vascular plants, which lack these specialized conducting tissues and are therefore restricted to relatively small sizes.
 Water transport happens in either xylem or phloem: [[xylem]] carries water and inorganic solutes upward toward the leaves from the roots, while [[phloem]] carries organic solutes throughout the plant.
-====Members====
+==Phylogeny==
-*Spore-bearing vascular plants
+A proposed phylogeny of the vascular plants after Kenrick and Crane<ref>Kenrick, Paul & Peter R. Crane. 1997. ''The Origin and Early Diversification of Land Plants: A Cladistic Study.'' (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press). ISBN 1-56098-730-8.</ref> is as follows, with modification to the Pteridophyta from Smith et al. <ref>Smith, Alan R., Kathleen M. Pryer, E. Schuettpelz, P. Korall, H. Schneider, & Paul G. Wolf. (2006). "[http://www.pryerlab.net/publication/fichier749.pdf A classification for extant ferns]". ''Taxon'' 55(3): 705-731.</ref>
-*Seed-bearing vascular plants - Superdivision [[Spermatophyta]]
+{{clade| style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
-**[[Pinophyta]] ~ conifers
+|label1=Polysporangiates
-**[[Cycad]]ophyta ~ cycads
+	|1={{clade
-**[[Ginkgo]]phyta ~ ginkgoes
+		|1={{clade
-**[[Gnetophyta]] ~ gnetophytes
+			|label1='''Tracheophytes'''
-**[[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] ~ flowering plants
+			|1={{clade
 ==See also==
 *[[Fern ally|Fern allies]]
-[[Category:Plants]]
+== References ==
-[[Category:Botany]]
+{{Reflist|2}}

Vascular plant - Revision history

Raffi at 19:47, 24 January 2008

Raffi at 05:16, 6 April 2007