Vernonia - Revision history

Raffi at 20:37, 21 October 2009

2009-10-21T20:37:12Z

Raffi at 20:35, 21 October 2009

2009-10-21T20:35:55Z

Murali.lalitha at 10:58, 21 October 2009

2009-10-21T10:58:35Z

217.113.20.108 at 04:33, 2 July 2007

2007-07-02T04:33:15Z

New page

{{for|the town|Vernonia, Oregon}}

{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Vernonia''
| image = Vernonia baldwinii.jpg
| image_width = 200px
| image_caption = ''[[Vernonia baldwinii]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Asterales]]
| familia = [[Asteraceae]]
| genus = '''''Vernonia'''''
| genus_authority = [[Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber|Schreb.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
About 1000; see text
}}

'''''Vernonia''''' is a genus of about 1000 [[species]] of [[forb]]s and [[shrub]]s in the family [[Asteraceae]]. Some species are sometimes known as '''ironweeds'''. Some species are edible and of economic value. They are known for having intense [[purple]] flowers. The genus is named for English botanist [[William Vernon (botanist)|William Vernon]]. There are numerous distinct subgenra and subsections in this [[genus]]. This has lead some botanists to divided this large genus into smaller groups which separate the species into distinct genra. For instance, the Flora of North America only recognizes about 20 species, 17 of which are in North America or n. Mexico, with the other two or three being found in South America.<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=134497 Flora of North America: Vernonia]</ref>

== Uses ==
Several species of ''Vernonia'', including ''V. calvoana'', ''V. amygdalina'', and ''V. colorata'', are eaten as [[leaf vegetable]]s. Common names for these species include '''bitterleaf''', '''ewuro''', and '''ndole'''. They are common in most [[West Africa]]n and [[Central Africa]]n countries. They are one of the most widely consumed leaf vegetables of [[Cameroon]], where they are a key ingredient of [[ndole stew]]. The leaves have a sweet and bitter taste. They are sold fresh or [[drying (food)|dried]], and are a typical ingredient in [[egusi soup]].

''V. amygdalina'' is well known as a medicinal plant with several uses attributed to it, including for [[diabetes]], fever reduction, and recently a non-pharmaceutical solution to persistent fever, headache, and joint pain associated with [[AIDS]] (an infusion of the plant is taken as needed).<ref>[http://www.aegis.org/conferences/iac/1993/WSB326.html Herbal medicine--its use in treating some symptoms of AIDS; 9th International AIDS Conference]</ref><ref>[http://www.ossrea.net/ssrr/no30/ssrr30-04.htm Report:INDIGENOUS APPROACHES TO THE HIV/AIDS SCOURGE IN UGANDA, Chap. 5]</ref> These leaves are exported from several African countries and can be purchased inexpensively in grocery stores aiming to serve African clients for about $1.50/225gm pkg. frozen. The roots of ''V. amygdalina'' have been used for gingivitis and toothache due to its proven antimicrobial activity.<ref>[http://www.bioline.org.br/request?tc05007 TRADITIONAL MEDICINE DEVELOPMENT FOR MEDICAL AND DENTAL PRIMARY HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM IN AFRICA. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines. Vol. 2, Num. 1, 2005, pp. 46-61]</ref>

''V. galamensis'' is used as an [[oilseed]] in [[East Africa]].

''Vernonia'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including ''[[Coleophora|Coleophora vernoniaeella]]'' (which feeds exclusively on the genus) and ''[[Schinia|Schinia regia]]'' (which feeds exclusively on ''V. texana'').

== Species ==
[[Image:Vernonia altissima.jpg|thumb|px200|Ironweed (''Veronia altissima'')]]
Species of this genus are found in [[South America]], [[Africa]], s.e. [[Asia]], and [[North America]]. ''Vernonia'' species are well known for [[hybrid]]izing between similar species in areas of overlapping ranges. There are approximately 1000 species of ''Vernonia'', a partial species list is given below. [[Vernonia (list of Species)|Click here for a full species list]].

===North America===
*''[[Vernonia acaulis]]''
*''[[Vernonia altissima]]
*''[[Vernonia arkansana]]''
*''[[Vernonia angustifolia]]''
*''[[Vernonia baldwinii]]''
*''[[Vernonia blodgettii]]''
*''[[Vernonia fasciculata]]''
*''[[Vernonia flaccidifolia]]''
*''[[Vernonia gigantea]]''
*''[[Vernonia glauca]]''
*''[[Vernonia larseniae]]''
*''[[Vernonia lettermannii]]''
*''[[Vernonia lindheimeri]]''
*''[[Vernonia marginata]]''
*''[[Vernonia missurica]]''
*''[[Vernonia noveboracensis]]''
*''[[Vernonia pulchella]]''
*''[[Vernonia texana]]''

===Africa===
*''[[Vernonia amygdalina]]''
*''[[Vernonia calvoana]]''
*''[[Vernonia colorata]]''
*''[[Vernonia galamensis]]''
*''[[Vernonia staehelinoides]]''

== See also ==
* [[Vernonia oil]]

== External links ==
* {{cite web
| url=http://199.133.210.23/ICISWeb/VernSearch.asp
| title=Vernonia Information System
| publisher=Arid Land Agricultural Research Center
| accessdate=2006-09-10
}}
* {{cite web
| url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/cropfactsheets/vernonia.html
| title=Crop fact sheet for ''V. galamensis''
| publisher=Purdue University Center for New Crops and Plant Products
| accessdate=2006-09-10
}}
{{unimelb|Vernonia.html}}
* {{cite web
| url=http://www.bioline.org.br/request?nd05028
| title=Effect of Processing and Preservation Methods on Vitamin C and Total Carotenoid Levels of some ''Vernonia'' (Bitter Leaf) Species
| accessdate=2006-09-10
}}

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Leaf vegetables]]
[[Category:Edible nuts and seeds]]
[[Category:Underutilized crops]]
[[Category:Asteraceae]]

{{asteraceae-stub}}

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 |Min ht metric=cm
 |Temp Metric=°F
-|image=Vernonia baldwinii.jpg
+|image=Vernonia altissima.jpg
 |image_width=240
-|image_caption=Vernonia baldwinii
+|image_caption=Ironweed (''Veronia altissima'')
 }}
 '''''Vernonia''''' is a genus of about 1000 [[species]] of [[forb]]s and [[shrub]]s in the family [[Asteraceae]].  Some species are sometimes known as '''ironweeds'''.  Some species are edible and of economic value. They are known for having intense [[purple]] flowers.  The genus is named for English botanist [[William Vernon (botanist)|William Vernon]].  Several species of ''Vernonia'', including ''V. calvoana'', ''V. amygdalina'', and ''V. colorata'', are eaten as [[leaf vegetable]]s.  Common names for these species include '''bitterleaf''', '''ewuro''', and '''ndole'''.
@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 ==Species==
-[[Image:Vernonia altissima.jpg|thumb|px200|Ironweed (''Veronia altissima'')]]
+[[Image:Vernonia baldwinii.jpg|thumb|200px|Vernonia baldwinii]]
 There are numerous distinct subgenra and subsections in this [[genus]]. This has lead some botanists to divided this large genus into smaller groups which separate the species into distinct genra.

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:58, 21 October 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{SPlantbox
		+	\|Min ht metric=cm
		+	\|Temp Metric=°F
		+	\|image=Upload.png
		+	\|image_width=240
		+	}}
		+	{{Inc\|
		+	Vernonia (after Wm. Vernon, an English botanist who traveled in North America). Compositae. Iron-weed. Perennial herbs or in the tropics shrubs and trees.
		+
		+	Leaves alternate, pinnately veined: fls. usually purple or rose, borne in the following species in terminal cymes: heads not glomerate, several to many exclusively tubular-fid.: involucre of dry or partly herbaceous, much-imbricated bracts: corolla regularly 5-cleft into narrow lobes: achenes 8-10-ribbed, with a blunt apex and a cartilaginous, callous base; pappus double (at least in American species).—About 560 species widely scattered about the world, but is possibly most plentiful in S. Amer. The latest monograph is that by H. A. Gleason in Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4:144-243, 1906. The following species are native of the U. S., and are hardy perennial herbs of attractive appearance, with rather large heads of purple fls. in terminal clusters in late summer or early fall. Vernonias are of easy cult. in any good, rich border, being easily prop. by division. Very satisfactory groupings can be made with vernonias and native asters and goldenrods.
		+
		+	V. Arechavaletae, Andre. Glabrous shrub, 3-6 ft. high: lvs. sessile, leathery, linear-lanceolate: fl.-heads reddish violet. Uruguay. —V. gigantea. Hort. Robust: fl. -heads in panicles, carmine or violet-rose.
		+	}}
		+
	{{for\|the town\|Vernonia, Oregon}}		{{for\|the town\|Vernonia, Oregon}}

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{SPlantbox
 |Min ht metric=cm
 |Temp Metric=°F
-|image=Upload.png
+|image=Vernonia baldwinii.jpg
 |image_width=240
 }}
 {{Inc|
 Vernonia (after Wm. Vernon, an English botanist who traveled in North America). Compositae. Iron-weed. Perennial herbs or in the tropics shrubs and trees.
@@ Line 13: / Line 18: @@
 }}
-{{for|the town|Vernonia, Oregon}}
+==Cultivation==
-{{Taxobox
+===Propagation===
-| color = lightgreen
+<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
-'''''Vernonia''''' is a genus of about 1000 [[species]] of [[forb]]s and [[shrub]]s in the family [[Asteraceae]].  Some species are sometimes known as '''ironweeds'''.  Some species are edible and of economic value. They are known for having intense [[purple]] flowers.  The genus is named for English botanist [[William Vernon (botanist)|William Vernon]]. There are numerous distinct subgenra and subsections in this [[genus]]. This has lead some botanists to divided this large genus into smaller groups which separate the species into distinct genra. For instance, the Flora of North America only recognizes about 20 species, 17 of which are in North America or n. Mexico, with the other two or three being found in South America.<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=134497 Flora of North America: Vernonia]</ref>
+===Pests and diseases===
-== Uses ==
+==Species==
-Several species of ''Vernonia'', including ''V. calvoana'', ''V. amygdalina'', and ''V. colorata'', are eaten as [[leaf vegetable]]s.  Common names for these species include '''bitterleaf''', '''ewuro''', and '''ndole'''.  They are common in most [[West Africa]]n and [[Central Africa]]n countries.  They are one of the most widely consumed leaf vegetables of [[Cameroon]], where they are a key ingredient of [[ndole stew]].  The leaves have a sweet and bitter taste.  They are sold fresh or [[drying (food)|dried]], and are a typical ingredient in [[egusi soup]].
+[[Image:Vernonia altissima.jpg|thumb|px200|Ironweed (''Veronia altissima'')]]
+There are numerous distinct subgenra and subsections in this [[genus]]. This has lead some botanists to divided this large genus into smaller groups which separate the species into distinct genra.
 Species of this genus are found in [[South America]], [[Africa]], s.e. [[Asia]], and [[North America]]. ''Vernonia'' species are well known for [[hybrid]]izing between similar species in areas of overlapping ranges. There are approximately 1000 species of ''Vernonia'', a partial species list is given below. [[Vernonia (list of Species)|Click here for a full species list]].
-===North America===
+North America:
 *''[[Vernonia acaulis]]''
 *''[[Vernonia altissima]]
@@ Line 68: / Line 53: @@
 *''[[Vernonia texana]]''
-===Africa===
+Africa:
 *''[[Vernonia amygdalina]]''
 *''[[Vernonia calvoana]]''
@@ Line 75: / Line 60: @@
 *''[[Vernonia staehelinoides]]''
-== See also ==
+==Gallery==
-* [[Vernonia oil]]
+{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
-== References ==
+<gallery>
-<references />
+Image:Upload.png| photo 1
-[[Category:Leaf vegetables]]
+==References==
-[[Category:Edible nuts and seeds]]
+*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
-[[Category:Underutilized crops]]
+<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
-[[Category:Asteraceae]]
+<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
-{{asteraceae-stub}}
+{{stub}}