Zinnia - Revision history

Raffi at 00:33, 9 December 2009

2009-12-09T00:33:10Z

Raffi at 00:14, 9 December 2009

2009-12-09T00:14:41Z

Murali.lalitha at 13:52, 3 December 2009

2009-12-03T13:52:30Z

Raffi: /* Species */

2009-02-07T02:29:43Z

Species

Raffi: rewrote article, incorporated Flora and Wikipedia information

2009-02-07T00:40:47Z

rewrote article, incorporated Flora and Wikipedia information

Raffi at 19:05, 24 November 2008

2008-11-24T19:05:58Z

Raffi at 00:48, 24 January 2008

2008-01-24T00:48:32Z

New page

{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Zinnia
| image = Zinnia-06.06.21.jpg
| image_caption = ''Zinnia elegans'' 'Profusion Orange'
| image_width = 240px
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Asterales]]
| familia = [[Asteraceae]]
| tribus = [[Heliantheae]]
| genus = '''''Zinnia'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}

'''''Zinnia''''' is a [[genus]] of 20 species of [[Annual plant|annual]] and [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[plant]]s of family [[Asteraceae]], originally from scrub and dry grassland in an area stretching from the [[American Southwest]] to [[South America]], but primarily [[Mexico]], and notable for their solitary long-stemmed flowers that come in a variety of bright colors.

Zinnia leaves are opposite and usually stalkless, with a shape ranging from linear to ovate, and pale to middle green in color. The flowers have a range of appearances, from a single row of petals, to a dome shape, with the colors white, chartreuse, yellow, orange, red, purple, and lilac.

Zinnias are popular [[garden]] flowers, usually grown from seed, and preferably in fertile, [[humus]]-rich, and well-drained soil, in an area with full sun. They will reseed themselves each year. Over 100 [[cultivar]]s have been produced since selective breeding started in the [[19th century]].

''Zinnia elegans'' is the familiar species, originally from Mexico and thus a warm-hot climate plant. Its leaves are lance-shaped and sandpapery in texture, and height ranges from 15 cm to 1 meter.

Zinnias seem especially favored by [[butterfly|butterflies]], and many gardeners add zinnias specifically to attract them.

The name of the genus derives from the [[Germany|German]] [[botanist]] [[Johann Gottfried Zinn]] (1727-1759).

== Species ==
Genus ''Zinnia'' L. includes the following species

*''[[Zinnia acerosa]]'' (DC.) A. Gray -- desert zinnia
*''[[Zinnia angustifolia]]'' Kunth -- narrowleaf zinnia
*''[[Zinnia anomala]]'' Gray -- shortray zinnia
*''[[Zinnia bicolor]]''
*''[[Zinnia elegans]]'' Jacq. -- 'Profusion Orange'
*''[[Zinnia grandiflora]]'' Nutt. -- Rocky Mountain zinnia
*''[[Zinnia haageana]]''
*''[[Zinnia linearis]]''
*''[[Zinnia maritima]]'' Kunth -- Palmer's Zinnia
**''Zinnia maritima'' var. ''maritima''
**''Zinnia maritima'' var. ''palmeri'' (Gray) B.L. Turner -- Palmer's zinnia
*''[[Zinnia peruviana]]'' (L.) L. -- Peruvian zinnia
*''[[Zinnia pumila]]'' (=''Zinnia acerosa'' (DC.) A. Gray)
*''[[Zinnia violacea]]'' Cav. -- elegant zinnia

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Zinnia acerosa flowers.jpg|''Zinnia acerosa''
Image:Zinnia grandiflora 2.jpg|''Zinnia grandiflora''
Image:Zinnia peruviana2.jpg|''Zinnia peruviana''
Image:Zinnia-Bicolor.jpg|''Zinnia bicolor''
Image:Beautiful zinnia-cropped-big2.jpg|Single zinnia flower
Image:Zinnia_bed-300px.jpg|A bed of zinnias
</gallery>

==References==
* [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ZINNI USDA PLANTS Database, Symbol ZINNI]
* [http://www.botanik.de/mendel/image-galleries/blumen/zinnien Zinnia hybrids]
* [[Arthur B. Howard]]

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 |flowers=red, orange, yellow, multicolored, single, double
 |Temp Metric=°F
-|image=Zinnia-06.06.21.jpg
+|image=Zinnia elegans 02.jpg
 |image_width=240
-|image_caption=''Zinnia elegans'' 'Profusion Orange'
+|image_caption=Zinnia violacea
 }}
 {{Inc|

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{SPlantbox
 |Min ht metric=cm
 |Temp Metric=°F
-|image=Upload.png
+|image=Zinnia-06.06.21.jpg
 |image_width=240
 }}
 {{Inc|
@@ Line 23: / Line 33: @@
 }}
 Related to the daisy (Asteraceae), Zinnia is a genus of annuals, perennials, and small shrubs. Soft leaves  are light green. Leaves vary by species from linear to a broad spatula shape. Flowers of wild species usually are like daisies, while new varieties are primarily doubles with mostly hidden or missing disc florets. Common colors found are yellow, pink, orange, and red to mahogany, but there are many more colors.
 ==Cultivation==
 Those commonly grown in the garden are usually frost-tender annuals which should be planted in sun, away from drafts. Keep soil moist, making sure it is well drained.  They can tolerate dry periods.  Extending the flowering can be done by deadheading often.  Often will reseed.
@@ Line 104: / Line 72: @@
 ==References==
 *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381
 <!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
@@ Line 111: / Line 80: @@
 *{{wplink}}
-{{stub}}
+__NOTOC__

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:52, 3 December 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{SPlantbox
		+	\|Min ht metric=cm
		+	\|Temp Metric=°F
		+	\|image=Upload.png
		+	\|image_width=240
		+	}}
		+	{{Inc\|
		+	Zinnia (Johann Gottfried Zinn, 1727-1759, professor of medicine at Gottingen). Syn. Crassina. Compositae. Youth-and-old-age. Popular flower-garden subjects for summer and autumn bloom, mostly annual or treated as such.
		+
		+	Annual, perennial, and subshrubby plants, mostly Mexican but ranging from Texas and even Colo. to Chile, probably 16-20 species: lvs. opposite, mostly entire: heads terminal, of fls. which are peduncled or sessile: rays pistillate, fertile, disk yellow or purple, its fls. hermaphrodite, fertile; involucre ovate-cylindric or campanulate, the scales in 3 to many series, broad, obtuse or rounded, more or less colored: achenes laterally compressed, 2-toothed at the summit and frequently 1-awned from the inner angle, rarely 2-awned. See the botanical revision by Robinson & Greenman in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 32: 14 (1897). Illustrated historical sketch in Gn. 48, pp. 464, 465.
		+
		+	The familiar zinnias (Figs. 4048-4050) are hardy plants, growing a foot or more high and covered from July until the first hard frost with double flowers 2 inches or more across. Several well-marked colors are commonly seen in zinnias—white, sulfur, yellow, golden yellow, orange, scarlet-orange, scarlet, flesh-color, lilac, rose, magenta, crimson, violet, purple, and dark purple. There are also variegated forms, but the solid colors are most popular. The zinnia is rich in shades of purple and orange, but lacks the blue and pink of the China aster and is poor in reds compared with the dahlia. Three forms or classes of the common zinnia (Z. elegans) may be noted here:
		+
		+	I. Tall zinnias are ordinarily 20 to 30 inches high. This size and the next smaller size are the favorites for general purposes. The tall kinds are available in twelve and more colors. A robust race, which attains 28 to 40 inches under perfect conditions, is sometimes known to the trade as Z. elegans robusta grandiflora plenissima. It is also known as the Giant or Mammoth strain. This strain was developed after many years by Herr C. Lorenz and was introduced in 1886. A maximum diameter of 6 inches is recorded for flowers of this strain. In G.C. II. 26:461 is shown a flower measuring 4 by 4 inches, with about eighteen series of rays, the latter being so numerous and crowded that the flower is less regular than the common type. A specimen zinnia plant 3 feet high is attained in the North only by starting the seed early and giving perfect culture.
		+
		+	II. Medium-sized zinnias range from 12 to 20 inches in height. They are available in several colors. Here belong most of the forms known to trade catalogues as Z. pumila, Z. nana, and Z. compacta.
		+
		+	III. Dwarf zinnias range from 3 to 12 inches in height and are of two subtypes, the pompons and the Tom Thumbs. The pompons, or "Lilliputians," are taller-growing and smaller-flowered, generally about 9 inches high, with a profusion of flowers about 2 inches across. The Tom Thumb type represents the largest possible flower on the smallest possible plant. Both types are available in several colors, not all of which are yet fixed in the seed.
		+
		+	Second in importance to Z. elegans is Z. Haageana. The single form was introduced to cultivation about 1861 and the double about 1871. It is dwarfer than most zinnias, and has smaller flowers, with a color-range restricted to shades of orange. It is distinct and pretty but less showy than the common zinnias. The first race of hybrids between Z. Haageana and Z. elegans appeared in 1876 under the name of Z. Darwinii. This group is said to resemble Z. elegans in size and color of flowers and to recede from Z. elegans in habit, being more branched and forming a broader and thicker bush.
		+
		+	Zinnias are of the easiest culture, thriving in any deep good soil, whether loamy or sandy. The seeds may be sown about May 1, or whenever the soil is in fit condition for hardy annuals. Such treatment will give flowers from the first of July until frost. The young plants should be thinned so as to stand 1 to 2 feet apart, depending on whether they are of medium- or tall- growing habit. By midsummer the foliage should obscure the ground. For the very best results the seed may be started indoors about April 1, and the seedlings transplanted once or twice before being placed outdoors in permanent quarters. Dwarf varieties should be set 14 to 16 inches apart: taller kinds 2 feet each way. Zinnias are essentially coarse plants, but if the tall kinds are massed heavily in the borders or at some distance they produce striking and very acceptable effects. Their colors are strong, and the stoutness of stems and foliage add to the composition.
		+	}}
		+
	{{Plantbox		{{Plantbox
	\| color = IndianRed		\| color = IndianRed

@@ Line 56: / Line 56: @@
 Species include:
-*''[[Zinnia acerosa]]'' - desert zinnia
+*''[[Zinnia acerosa]]'' (syn. ''Z. pumila'', ''Diplothrix acerosa'') - desert zinnia
 *''[[Zinnia angustifolia]]'' - narrowleaf zinnia
 *''[[Zinnia anomala]]'' - shortray zinnia
 *''[[Zinnia bicolor]]''
-*''[[Zinnia elegans]]'' - 'Profusion Orange'
+*''[[Zinnia elegans]]'' (syn. ''Z. violacea'')
 *''[[Zinnia grandiflora]]'' - Rocky Mountain zinnia
 *''[[Zinnia haageana]]''
@@ Line 68: / Line 68: @@
 **''Zinnia maritima'' var. ''palmeri'' - Palmer's zinnia
 *''[[Zinnia peruviana]]'' - Peruvian zinnia
 ==Gallery==

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 | high = varies by species
 | wide = varies by species
 | lifespan = Perennials, Annuals, subshrubs
 | exposure = Sun
-| water =
+| water = regular, short dry
 | features = Flowers
 | hardiness =
@@ Line 23: / Line 24: @@
 | genus = Zinnia
 }}
-'''''Zinnia''''' is a [[genus]] of 20 species of [[Annual plant|annual]] and [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[plant]]s of family [[Asteraceae]], originally from scrub and dry grassland in an area stretching from the [[American Southwest]] to [[South America]], but primarily [[Mexico]], and notable for their solitary long-stemmed flowers that come in a variety of bright colors.
+==Cultivation==
+{{monthbox
-Zinnia leaves are opposite and usually stalkless, with a shape ranging from linear to ovate, and pale to middle green in color. The flowers have a range of appearances, from a single row of petals, to a dome shape, with the colors white, chartreuse, yellow, orange, red, purple, and lilac.
+| color = IndianRed
+| name = Zinnia
-Zinnias are popular [[garden]] flowers, usually grown from seed, and preferably in fertile, [[humus]]-rich, and well-drained soil, in an area with full sun.  They will reseed themselves each year. Over 100 [[cultivar]]s have been produced since selective breeding started in the [[19th century]].
+| jan =
+| feb =
-''Zinnia elegans'' is the familiar species, originally from Mexico and thus a warm-hot climate plant. Its leaves are lance-shaped and sandpapery in texture, and height ranges from 15 cm to 1 meter.
+| mar =
-Zinnias seem especially favored by [[butterfly|butterflies]], and many gardeners add zinnias specifically to attract them.
+===Propagation===
-The name of the genus derives from the [[Germany|German]] [[botanist]] [[Johann Gottfried Zinn]] (1727-1759).
+===Pests and diseases===
 == Species ==
-Genus ''Zinnia'' L. includes the following species
+About 20 species. Zinnia elegans, (syn. Z. violacea) is the most common.
-*''[[Zinnia acerosa]]'' (DC.) A. Gray -- desert zinnia
+Species include:
-*''[[Zinnia angustifolia]]'' Kunth -- narrowleaf zinnia
+*''[[Zinnia acerosa]]'' - desert zinnia
-*''[[Zinnia anomala]]'' Gray -- shortray zinnia
+*''[[Zinnia angustifolia]]'' - narrowleaf zinnia
 *''[[Zinnia bicolor]]''
-*''[[Zinnia elegans]]'' Jacq. -- 'Profusion Orange'
+*''[[Zinnia elegans]]'' - 'Profusion Orange'
-*''[[Zinnia grandiflora]]'' Nutt. -- Rocky Mountain zinnia
+*''[[Zinnia grandiflora]]'' - Rocky Mountain zinnia
 *''[[Zinnia haageana]]''
 *''[[Zinnia linearis]]''
-*''[[Zinnia maritima]]'' Kunth -- Palmer's Zinnia
+*''[[Zinnia maritima]]'' - Palmer's Zinnia
 **''Zinnia maritima'' var. ''maritima''
-**''Zinnia maritima'' var. ''palmeri'' (Gray) B.L. Turner -- Palmer's zinnia
+**''Zinnia maritima'' var. ''palmeri'' - Palmer's zinnia
-*''[[Zinnia peruviana]]'' (L.)  L. -- Peruvian zinnia
+*''[[Zinnia peruviana]]'' - Peruvian zinnia
-*''[[Zinnia pumila]]'' (=''Zinnia acerosa'' (DC.) A. Gray)
+*''[[Zinnia pumila]]'' (syn. ''Zinnia acerosa'')
-*''[[Zinnia violacea]]'' Cav. -- elegant zinnia
+*''[[Zinnia violacea]]'' - elegant zinnia
 ==Gallery==
@@ Line 65: / Line 82: @@
 ==References==
-* [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ZINNI USDA PLANTS Database, Symbol ZINNI]
+*Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381
-* [http://www.botanik.de/mendel/image-galleries/blumen/zinnien Zinnia hybrids]
+<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
-* [[Arthur B. Howard]]
+<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Taxobox
+{{Plantbox
-| color = lightgreen
+| color = IndianRed
 | name = Zinnia
 | image = Zinnia-06.06.21.jpg
 | image_caption = ''Zinnia elegans'' 'Profusion Orange'
-| image_width = 240px
+| regnum = Plantae
-| regnum = [[Plantae]]
+| divisio = Magnoliophyta
-| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
+| classis = Magnoliopsida
-| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
+| ordo = Asterales
-| ordo = [[Asterales]]
+| familia = Asteraceae
-| familia = [[Asteraceae]]
+| tribus = Heliantheae
-| tribus = [[Heliantheae]]
+| genus = Zinnia
 }}