View source for Physianthus

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Physianthus (Greek, bladder flower, referring to the base of the corolla-tube). Asclepiadaceae. The plants known to gardeners as Physianthus are species of Araujia, Physianthus now being referred to that genus. They are twiners with showy flowers, grown under glass or in the open in summer.

Including Physianthus and Schubertia (as is done by Bentham & Hooker), Araujia comprises a dozen or more species in the wanner parts of Amer., all with opposite lvs. and whitish or rosy fls.: corolla-tube short or long, inflated at the base; lobes 5, very wide or narrow, overlapping toward the right in the bud; crown with 5 scales attached to the middle of the tube or lower, flat and erect or convex and appressed to the staminal tube: seeds long, bearded. Schubertia and Physianthus should perhaps be considered as subgenera, the former containing the 
hairy plants with somewhat funnel-shaped fls.; the latter nearly glabrous plants with somewhat salver-shaped fls. Schumann, in Engler & Prantl, separates Schubertia from Araujia, with more than half the species of the combined groups. Under this disposition, A. graveolens is transferred from Araujia. See Schubertia.

The species of Araujia resemble in superficial characters the popular stephanotis, having the same large white waxy fragrant 5-lobed fls. A. graveolens, in particular, has been suggested as a rival to the stephanotis, especially as it requires less winter heat, but its foliage when bruised emits a strong and offensive odor, especially with young plants. A. sericofera has considerably smaller fls. and is one of the several plants advertised as "cruel plants," because they entrap insects, though they may not digest their dearf bodies as in the case of 
nepenthes. These "cruel plants" are mostly members of the milkweed and dogbane families, which have essentially the same kind of floral structure a highly complicated and specialized type adapted to cross- fertilization by insects. In Fig. 398 of this work, an insect is seen 
struggling in the clutch of a common milkweed, with a pair of pollen-masses (a), like saddlebags, which he may extract with one of his legs. Araujia sericofera catches moths in a slightly different fashion. See G.C. III. 20:523. For other ''cruel plants," see Cyananchum and 
Vincetoxicum.

When well grown, araujias or physianthuses bloom freely throughout September and October. They seem to have no special soil requirements and may be flowered outdoors from seed sown indoors in early spring, or they may be kept permanently in a cool greenhouse and grown from cuttings. It is seldom that A. graveolens is seen grown well in greenhouses, the plants being usually sickly and infested with mealy-bug. As a summer vine in the open it makes vigorous growth, and 
after midsummer it usually blooms profusely. The flowers are larger than those of stephanotis. Cuttings make the best flowering vines. These may bs taken from the ripe wood before cool weather. Seeds are freely produced, and germinate well soon after being sown. Araujias are 
considered hardy in the most favored parts of England, and are grown outdoors in California. A. graveolens can be flowered in pots, but the border of the greenhouse is better. (G. W. Oliver.)

The two species likely to be met with in cult, may be characterized as follows: Araujia graveolens, Mast. (Physianthus graveolens. Hort. P. auricomus, R. Graham. Schubertia graveolens, Lindl.) Stout, woody climber, densely covered with harsh spreading yellow hairs: lvs. 3-4 1/2 x 2-2 3/4 in., obovate, acuminate, greatly narrowed and cordate at the base, hairy on both sides: fls. funnel-shaped, i. e., swollen at the throat, 2-2 1/2 in. across, umbellate. S. Brazil. B.M. 3891. B.R. 32:21. G.C. III. 4:271. See discussion under Schubertia. Araujia sericofera, Brot. (A. albens, Don. Physidnlhus dlbens, Mart.). Name originally spelled, by Brotero, sericofera, in description and on plate, but usually now written seridfera. Nearly glabrous: lvs.3 x 1 3/4 in., oblong-acuminate, wide and square at the base, minutely pubescent 
below: fls. salver-shaped, i.e., not swollen at the throat; pale rose in the bud and only faintly odorous, 1 in. across, cymose. S. Brazil. B.M. 3201. B.R. 1759. G.C. HI. 2:653; 20:523. R.H. 1857, p. 89; 1883, p. 488. Gn. 24, p. 409; 34, p. 397. Mn. 6, p. 206. G. 6:363. The plant as above described is the Physianthus albens or Araujia albens of the trade. A. hortorum, Fourn., is probably a form of this species.     
Wilhelm Miller. 

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==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
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===Pests and diseases===
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==Species==
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==Gallery==
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==References==
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->

==External links==
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