View source for Acanthaceae

From Gardenology.org - Plant Encyclopedia and Gardening Wiki

← Acanthaceae

You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

• The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users.
• You must confirm your email address before editing pages. Please set and validate your email address through your user preferences.

---

You can view and copy the source of this page.

__NOTOC__{{Plantbox | name = ''Acanthaceae'' | common_names = Acanthus Family | color = IndianRed | image = Odontonema flwrs.jpg | image_width = 240px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical --> | image_caption = Flowers of ''Odontonema cuspidatum'' | regnum = Plantae | divisio = Magnoliophyta | classis = Magnoliopsida | ordo = Lamiales | familia = Acanthaceae }} {{Inc| Acanthaceae (from the genus Acanthus, derived from the Greek, a spine; some of the plants are spiny). Acanthus Family. Fig. 54. Herbs, or rarely shrubs or trees: leaves opposite, rarely whorled: flowers bisexual, irregular, usually bilabiate; calyx 5-cleft; corolla 5-lobed, gamopetalous, hypogynous, the lobes imbricated; stamens usually 4, didynamous, rarely 2, sometimes a staminodium present, epipetalous; hypogynous disk present, mostly small; ovary superior, 2-celled, each cell 2-4-, rarely many-, ovuled; style 1; stigmas 1-2, one lobe often small or wanting: fruit a capsule; seeds exalbuminous, aided in distribution by peculiar outgrowths of the funiculus. Acanthaceae has 173 genera and about 1,500 species, of tropical distribution. Few species extend into the Mediterranean region and into the United States. Six species are found in the northeastern United States. Two hundred species belong to the genus Ruellia, and 250 to Justicia. The family is related to the Bignoniaceae, and to the Scrophulariaceae, as well as to the other families of this group. The 2-celled ovary with 2-4 ovules and the queer outgrowths of the funiculus are distinctive. Many species are used in the tropics for medicine; for example, Asteracantha longifolia, a purge and sudorific; Justicia Gendarussa, astringent, used in India for rheumatism, and the leaves sprinkled in clothing to keep insects away; Justicia pectoralis, used for lung troubles. The young flowers of Blepharis edulis and Asystasia gangetica are eaten as vegetables. Ruellia ciliosa of the United States has recently been sold spuriously as Spigelia (pink root). Twenty to 30 genera are in cultivation in N. America, except in a few cases, as ornamental greenhouse plants. Among these are: Acanthus (Bear's Breech), hardy herbs; Adhatoda, shrubs; Aphelandra, shrubs; Crossandra, shrub; Fittonia, herbs; Graptophyllum (Caricature Plant), shrubs; Jacobinia, herbs; Justicia, referred to other genera; Peristrophe; Ruellia, herbs or shrubs; Strobilanthes, often used also for bedding.{{SCH}} }} ==Genera== There are 246 accepted genera according to [[Germplasm Resources Information Network]] (GRIN){{wp}}. {| |- valign=top | * ''[[Acanthopale]]'' * ''[[Acanthopsis]]'' * ''[[Acanthostelma]]'' * ''[[Acanthura]]'' * ''[[Acanthus (genus)|Acanthus]]'' (Bear's Breech) * ''[[Achyrocalyx]]'' * ''[[Adhatoda]]'' (sometimes included in ''Justicia'') * ''[[Afrofittonia]]'' * ''[[Ambongia]]'' * ''[[Ancistranthus]]'' (Desert Honeysuckle) * ''[[Ancistrostylis]]'' * ''[[Andrographis]]'' (False Waterwillow) * ''[[Angkalanthus]]'' * ''[[Anisacanthus]]'' * ''[[Anisosepalum]]'' * ''[[Anisostachya]]'' (sometimes included in ''Justicia'') * ''[[Anisotes]]'' * ''[[Anomacanthus]]'' * ''[[Apassalus]]'' * ''[[Aphanosperma]]'' * ''[[Aphelandra]]'' * ''[[Aphelandrella]]'' * ''[[Ascotheca]]'' * ''[[Asystasia]]'' * ''[[Asystasiella]]'' * ''[[Ballochia]]'' * ''[[Barleria]]'' (Bush violets) * ''[[Barleriola]]'' * ''[[Benoicanthus]]'' * ''[[Blechum]]'' * ''[[Blepharis]]'' * ''[[Borneacanthus]]'' * ''[[Boutonia]]'' * ''[[Brachystephanus]]'' * ''[[Bravaisia]]'' * ''[[Brillantaisia]]'' * ''[[Calacanthus]]'' * ''[[Calophanoides]]'' (sometimes included in ''Justicia'') * ''[[Calycacanthus]]'' * ''[[Camarotea]]'' * ''[[Carlowrightia]]'' (Wrightwort) * ''[[Celrina (genus)|Celerina]]'' * ''[[Cephalacanthus]]'' * ''[[Chaetacanthus]]'' * ''[[Chalarothyrsus]]'' * ''[[Chamaeranthemum]]'' * ''[[Championella]]'' * ''[[Chileranthemum]]'' Oerst. * ''[[Chlamydacanthus]]'' Lindau (sometimes included in ''Theileamea'') * ''[[Chlamydocardia]]'' Lindau * ''[[Chlamydostachya]]'' Mildbr. * ''[[Chroesthes]]'' Benoist * ''[[Clinacanthus]]'' Nees * ''[[Clistax]]'' Mart. * ''[[Codonacanthus]]'' Nees * ''[[Conocalyx]]'' Benoist * ''[[Corymbostachys]]'' Lindau * ''[[Cosmianthemum]]'' Bremek. * ''[[Crabbea]]'' Harv. * ''[[Crossandra]]'' Salisb. * ''[[Crossandrella]]'' C.B.Clarke * ''[[Cyclacanthus]]'' S.Moore * ''[[Cylindrosolenium]]'' Lindau * ''[[Cyphacanthus]]'' Leonard * ''[[Dactylostegium]]'' Nees (sometimes included in ''Dicliptera'') * ''[[Danguya]]'' Benoist * ''[[Dasytropis]]'' Urb. * ''[[Dichazothece]]'' Lindau * ''[[Dicladanthera]]'' F. Muell. * ''[[Dicliptera]]'' Juss. (Foldwing) * ''[[Didyplosandra]]'' Wight ex Bremek. * ''[[Dipteracanthus]]'' Nees (sometimes included in ''Ruellia'') * ''[[Dischistocalyx]]'' T.Anderson ex Benth. & Hook.f. * ''[[Dolichostachys]]'' Benoist * ''[[Drejera]]'' Nees * ''[[Drejerella]]'' Lindau (sometimes included in ''Justicia'') * ''[[Duosperma]]'' Dayton * ''[[Dyschoriste]]'' Nees (Snakeherb) * ''[[Ecbolium]]'' Kurz * ''[[Echinacanthus]]'' Nees * ''[[Elytraria]]'' Michx. (Scalystem) * ''[[Encephalosphaera]]'' Lindau * ''[[Epiclastopelma]]'' Lindau * ''[[Eranthemum]]'' L. * ''[[Eremomastax]]'' Lindau * ''[[Eusiphon]]'' Benoist * ''[[Filetia]]'' Miq. * ''[[Fittonia]]'' Coem. * ''[[Forcipella]]'' Baill. * ''[[Forsythiopsis]]'' Baker (sometimes included in ''Oplonia'') * ''[[Geissomeria]]'' Lindl. * ''[[Glossochilus]]'' Nees * ''[[Golaea]]'' Chiov. * ''[[Graphandra]]'' J.B.Imlay * ''[[Graptophyllum]]'' Nees * ''[[Gymnophragma]]'' Lindau * ''[[Gymnostachyum]]'' Nees * ''[[Gynocraterium]]'' Bremek. * ''[[Gypsacanthus]]'' E.J.Lott et al. * ''[[Haplanthodes]]'' Kuntze * ''[[Harpochilus]]'' Nees * ''[[Hemiadelphis]]'' Nees * ''[[Hemigraphis]]'' Nees (sometimes included in ''Strobilanthes'') * ''[[Henrya]]'' Nees * ''[[Herpetacanthus]]'' Nees * ''[[Heteradelphia]]'' Lindau * ''[[Holographis]]'' Nees * ''[[Hoverdenia]]'' Nees * ''[[Hulemacanthus]]'' S.Moore * ''[[Hygrophila]]'' R.Br. (Swampweed) * ''[[Hypoestes]]'' Sol. ex R.Br. * ''[[Ionacanthus]]'' Benoist * ''[[Isoglossa]]'' Oerst. * ''[[Isotheca]]'' Turrill * ''[[Jadunia]]'' Lindau * ''[[Juruasia]]'' Lindau * ''[[Justicia]]'' L. (Justica, Water-willow, Shrimp plant) * ''[[Kalbreyeriella]]'' Lindau * ''[[Kosmosiphon]]'' Lindau * ''[[Kudoacanthus]]'' Hosok. * ''[[Lankesteria]]'' Lindl. * ''[[Lasiocladus]]'' Bojer ex Nees * ''[[Leandriella]]'' Benoist | * ''[[Lepidagathis]]'' Willd. * ''[[Leptostachya]]'' Nees * ''[[Liberatia]]'' Rizzini (sometimes included in ''Lophostachys'') * ''[[Linariantha]]'' B.L.Burtt & R.M.Sm. * ''[[Lophostachys]]'' Pohl * ''[[Louteridium]]'' S.Watson * ''[[Lychniothyrsus]]'' Lindau * ''[[Marcania]]'' J.B.Imlay * ''[[Megalochlamys]]'' Lindau * ''[[Megalostoma]]'' Leonard * ''[[Megaskepasma]]'' Lindau * ''[[Melittacanthus]]'' S.Moore * ''[[Mellera]]'' S. Moore * ''[[Mendoncia]]'' Vand. * ''[[Metarungia]]'' Baden * ''[[Mexacanthus]]'' T.F.Daniel * ''[[Meyenia]]'' Nees * ''[[Mimulopsis]]'' Schweinf. * ''[[Mirandea]]'' Rzed. * ''[[Monechma]]'' Hochst. (sometimes included in ''Justicia'') * ''[[Monothecium]]'' Hochst. * ''[[Morsacanthus]]'' Rizzini * ''[[Nelsonia]]'' R.Br. * ''[[Neohallia]]'' Hemsl. * ''[[Neriacanthus]]'' Benth. * ''[[Neuracanthus]]'' Nees * ''[[Odontonema]]'' Nees (Toothedthread) * ''[[Ophiorrhiziphyllon]]'' Kurz * ''[[Oplonia]]'' Raf. * ''[[Oreacanthus]]'' Benth. * ''[[Orophochilus]]'' Lindau * ''[[Pachystachys]]'' Nees * ''[[Pelecostemon]]'' Leonard * ''[[Pentstemonacanthus]]'' Nees * ''[[Perenideboles]]'' Ram. (Goyena) * ''[[Pericalypta]]'' Benoist * ''[[Periestes]]'' Baill. * ''[[Peristrophe]]'' Nees * ''[[Petalidium]]'' Nees * ''[[Phaulopsis]]'' Willd. * ''[[Phialacanthus]]'' Benth. * ''[[Phidiasia]]'' Urb. * ''[[Phlogacanthus]]'' Nees * ''[[Physacanthus]]'' Benth. * ''[[Podorungia]]'' Baill. * ''[[Poikilacanthus]]'' Lindau * ''[[Polylychnis]]'' Bremek. * ''[[Populina (genus)|Populina]]'' Baill. * ''[[Pranceacanthus]]'' Wassh. * ''[[Pseuderanthemum]]'' Radlk. * ''[[Pseudocalyx]]'' Radlk. * ''[[Pseudodicliptera]]'' Benoist * ''[[Pseudoruellia]]'' Benoist * ''[[Psilanthele]]'' Lindau * ''[[Ptyssiglottis]]'' T.Anderson * ''[[Pulchranthus]]'' V.M.Baum et al. * ''[[Pupilla]]'' Rizzini (sometimes included in ''Justicia'') * ''[[Razisea]]'' Oerst. * ''[[Rhinacanthus]]'' Nees * ''[[Rhombochlamys]]'' Lindau * ''[[Ritonia]]'' Benoist * ''[[Rostellularia]]'' Rchb. (sometimes included in ''Justicia'') * ''[[Ruellia]]'' L. (Wild Petunia) * ''[[Ruelliopsis]]'' C.B.Clarke * ''[[Rungia]]'' Nees * ''[[Ruspolia]]'' Lindau * ''[[Ruttya]]'' Harv. * ''[[Saintpauliopsis]]'' Staner (sometimes included in ''Staurogyne'') * ''[[Salpinctium]]'' T.J.Edwards * ''[[Salpixantha]]'' Hook. * ''[[Samuelssonia]]'' Urb. & Ekman * ''[[Sanchezia]]'' Ruiz & Pav. * ''[[Santapaua]]'' N.P.Balakr. & Subr. (sometimes included in ''Hygrophila'') * ''[[Sapphoa]]'' Urb. * ''[[Satanocrater]]'' Schweinf. * ''[[Sautiera]]'' Decne. * ''[[Schaueria]]'' Nees * ''[[Schwabea]]'' Endl. & Fenzl * ''[[Sclerochiton]]'' Harv. * ''[[Sebastiano-schaueria]]'' Nees * ''[[Sericospora]]'' Nees * ''[[Siphonoglossa]]'' Oerst. (Tubetongue) * ''[[Spathacanthus]]'' Baill. * ''[[Sphacanthus]]'' Benoist * ''[[Sphinctacanthus]]'' Benth. * ''[[Spirostigma]]'' Nees * ''[[Standleyacanthus]]'' Leonard * ''[[Staurogyne]]'' Wall. * ''[[Steirosanchezia]]'' Lindau * ''[[Stenandriopsis]]'' S. Moore * ''[[Stenandrium]]'' Nees (Shaggytuft) * ''[[Stenostephanus]]'' Nees * ''[[Streblacanthus]]'' Kuntze * ''[[Streptosiphon]]'' Mildbr. * ''[[Strobilanthes]]'' Blume * ''[[Strobilanthopsis]]'' S.Moore * ''[[Styasasia]]'' S.Moore * ''[[Suessenguthia]]'' Merxm. * ''[[Synchoriste]]'' Baill. * ''[[Taeniandra]]'' Bremek. * ''[[Tarphochlamys]]'' Bremek. * ''[[Teliostachya]]'' Nees * ''[[Tessmanniacanthus]]'' Mildbr. * ''[[Tetramerium]]'' Nees * ''[[Theileamea]]'' Baill. * ''[[Thomandersia]]'' Baill. also placed within its own family [[Thomandersiaceae]] by Wortley ''et al.'' 2007 <ref>{{cite journal| last = Wortley, A.H.| first = Harris, D.J. & Scotland, R.W. | title = On the Taxonomy and Phylogenetic Position of Thomandersia.| journal = Systematic Botany | volume = 32| issue = 2| year = 2007| pages = 415-444| doi=10.1600/036364407781179716}}</ref> * ''[[Thunbergia]]'' Retz. * ''[[Thysanostigma]]'' J.B.Imlay * ''[[Tremacanthus]]'' S. Moore * ''[[Triaenanthus]]'' Nees * ''[[Trichanthera]]'' Kunth * ''[[Trichaulax]]'' Vollesen * ''[[Trichocalyx]]'' Balf.f. * ''[[Trichosanchezia]]'' Mildbr. * ''[[Ulleria]]'' Bremek. (sometimes included in ''Ruellia'') * ''[[Vavara]]'' Benoist * ''[[Vindasia]]'' Benoist * ''[[Warpuria]]'' Stapf * ''[[Whitfieldia]]'' Hook. * ''[[Xantheranthemum]]'' Lindau * ''[[Xerothamnella]]'' C.T.White * ''[[Yeatesia]]'' Small (Bractspike) * ''[[Zygoruellia]]'' Baill. |} ==Gallery== <gallery> Image:Starr 021122 0083 justicia aurea.jpg|''[[Justicia aurea]]'' </gallery> ==References== *[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963 ==External links== *{{wplink}} {{stub}} [[Category:Categorize]] [[Category:Plant families]] [[Category:Acanthaceae]] [[Category:Lamiales]]

Return to Acanthaceae.