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'''''Buddleja''''', often spelled ''Buddleia'' ({{pron-en|ˈbʌdliː.ə}}),<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607; ''[[OED]]:'' "Buddleia"</ref> is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s. It is now included in the [[Scrophulariaceae]], though in the past was previously classified in either the [[Loganiaceae]] or in a family of its own, the Buddlejaceae. The plant was named after the Reverend [[Adam Buddle]] who was a [[botanist]] and a rector in [[Essex, England|Essex]], [[England]]. The roughly 100 species are mostly [[shrub]]s, a few being [[tree]]s; the largest species reach {{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall, but most species rarely exceed {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall. Both [[evergreen]] and [[deciduous]] species occur. They are native throughout the warmer parts of the [[New World]] from the [[southern United States]] south to [[Chile]], and widely in the [[Old World]] in [[Africa]] and the warmer parts of [[Asia]], but absent as natives from [[Europe]] and [[Australasia]]. The species are divided into two groups based on their floral type, those in the New World being [[plant sexuality|dioecious]], and those in the Old World being [[plant sexuality|monoecious]]. The [[leaf|leaves]] are lanceolate in most species, and arranged in opposite pairs on the stems (alternate in one species, ''[[Buddleja alternifolia|B. alternifolia]]''); they range from {{convert|1|-|30|cm|in|abbr=on}} long. The [[flower]]s are produced in dense [[panicle]]s {{convert|10|-|50|cm|in|abbr=on}} long; each individual flower is tubular, about {{convert|1|cm|in|abbr=on}} long, with the [[Petal#corolla|corolla]] divided into four spreading lobes ([[petal]]s), about {{convert|3|-|4|mm|in|abbr=on}} across. Flower colour varies widely, with white, pink, red, purple, orange or yellow flowers produced by different species and cultivars; they are rich in [[nectar]] and often strongly scented. The [[fruit]] is a small [[Capsule (fruit)|capsule]] about 1 cm long and {{convert|1|-|2|mm|in|abbr=on}} diameter, containing numerous small [[seed]]s; in a few species (previously classified in the separate genus ''Nicodemia'') the capsule is soft and fleshy, forming a [[berry]]. Several species are popular garden plants, The species are commonly known as '''butterfly bush''' due to their attractiveness to [[butterflies]]; they are also attractive to [[bee]]s and [[moth]]s. Some species of ''Buddleja'' with red flowers are also attractive to [[hummingbird]]s. The most popular cultivated species is ''[[Buddleja davidii]]'' from central [[China]], named after the French naturalist Père [[Armand David]]. Other common garden species include ''[[Buddleja globosa]]'' from southern [[Chile]], grown for its strongly [[honey]]-scented orange globular flower-heads, and ''[[Buddleja alternifolia]]'' with lilac coloured flowers. Several interspecific [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrids]] can also be found, including ''B. X weyeriana'' (''B. globosa X B. davidii''). Some species are commonly found as escapees from the garden. ''B. davidii'' in particular is a great coloniser of dry open ground; in towns in the [[United Kingdom]], it often self-sows on waste ground or old masonry, where it grows into a dense thicket, and it is listed as an [[invasive species]] in many areas. It is frequently seen beside [[Rail transport|railway]] lines, on derelict factory sites and after [[World War II|the Second World War]] on urban bomb sites. Popular garden varieties of Buddleja include "Royal Red" with pink-red flowers, "Black Knight" with dark navy blue flowers, "Sungold" with golden yellow flowers and "Pink Delight" with pastel pink coloured flowers. In recent years, much breeding work has been undertaken to create more compact buddleja plants, the most recent of which is the production of a dwarf variety Lo & Behold(TM) "Blue Chip"(TM) that reaches no more than 2-3ft tall. Several species are popular garden plants, The species are commonly known as '''Butterfly Bush''' due to their attractiveness to [[butterflies]]; they are also attractive to [[bee]]s and [[moth]]s. Some species of ''Buddleja'' with red flowers are also attractive to [[hummingbird]]s. {{Inc| Buddleia (after Adam Buddie, an English botanist). Syn., Buddlea. Loganiaceae. Ornamental shrubs or trees, chiefly grown for their handsome flowers profusely produced in showy panicles or globular heads. Woody plants or rarely herbs, more or less covered with a stellate, glandular or scaly pubescence: Lvs. opposite, short-petioled, entire or serrate: fls. in racemes, panicles or clusters; corolla tubular or campanulate, 4-lobed; stamens included, 4: fr. a 2-celled caps, with numerous minute seeds.—-About 70 species in tropical and temperate regions of Amer., Asia and S. Afr., of which only a small number of hardier species is cult. The buddleias are deciduous or sometimes half- evergreen trees or shrubs with usually quadrangular branches, narrow rather large leaves and small lilac, violet, white or yellow flowers in showy panicles or clusters. None of the species is hardy North, but some, as B. japonica, B. Davidii, B. Lindleyana and B. intermedia will live through the winter, if protected with dry leaves around the base; even if the stems are killed nearly to the ground, they will freely push forth young shoots in spring, which usually flower the same year. The handsomest in flower are B. Colvillei, B. Davidii, B. asiatica, B. globosa and B. officinalis. They grow best in a rich, well-drained soil, in a sunny position; they are rather coarse plants and need much space. Propagation is readily effected by seeds sown in spring in gentle bottom heat, by greenwood cuttings under glass, or by hardwood cuttings taken off in fall and kept during the winter in a frostproof room. B. albiflora, Hemsl. (B. Hemsleyana, Koehne). Allied to B. variabilis. Shrub or small tree, to 30 ft.: Lvs, lanceolate, 5-9 in. long, glabrous above, white or yellowish tomentose beneath: fla. flmall, lilac, in elongated spikes, sometimes to 20 in. long. W. China. G. 27:501.— Less handsome than B. variabilis: fls. not white, as the name implies, given under the impression that the fls. were white. —B. americtlna. Linn. Shrub, 8-12 ft.: Lvs. ovate to oblong-lanceolate, cuneate at the base, glabrous above, yellowish tomentose beneath, 4-10 in.: fls. in terminal densely tomentose panicles consist, ing of sessile subglobose clusters. Alex, to Peru.—B. auricultita, Benth. Straggling shrub: petioles auriculate; Lvs. oblong-lanceo- jate, entire or denticulate, grayish white tomentose below, 1½-3 in. Ipng: fls. cream-colored, fragrant, tomento.se outside, in terminal compact panicles; stamens above the middle. S. An. G.C. II. 16:833; 111.6:529. I.T. 1:20. Tender.—B. brasiliinsis. Jacq. f. Upright shrub: sta. quadrangular: Lvs. ovate to oblong-deltoid, crenate-serrate, white-tomentose below, 4-8 in. long, decurrent into the winged auriculate petiole: fls. orange-yellow, pubescent outside, in axillary clusters, forming terminal narrow panicles; stamens just below the mouth. Mex. to Brazil. B.M. 2713. Tender.—B. columbix, Andre. Upright shrub, similar to B. Lindley- ana. Lvs. narrow-lanceolate, entire, 4-8 in. long, glabrous: fls. white in terminal slender panicles: corolla with spreading lobes slightly shorter than the corolla-tube. Spring. Of unknown origin. R.H. 1901, p. 37. Tender.—B. crtspa. Bcnth. -B. paniculata.—B. HerMleytina, Koehne-B. albiflora.—B. panicultUa, Wall. (B. criipa, Benth.). 6-15 ft.: fls. lilac, in rather dense panicles: branches ind Lvs. tomentose. B.M. 4793. F.S. 9:958.—B. pulchWa, N. E. r. Shrub. 2 ft.: branchlets terete, tomentose: Lvs, hastate, irregularly lobed, or rhomboid to lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, pubescent: ns. white with orange eye, fragrant, in terminal panicles. 2-2 Vi in. long; corolla with slender tube, pubescent outside. S. Afr.(?>.—B. salicifolia, Jacq.-Chilianthus arboreus.—B. saHgnn, Willd.-Chil- ianthus arboreus.—B. tttenostAcHya, Kehd. & Wilson. Allied to B. nivea. Less fluffy: Lvs. oblong-lanceolate: panicles usually 3. long and slender; fls. larger, anthers inserted above the middle of the tube. W. China. }} ==Cultivation== ===Propagation=== ===Pests and diseases=== ==Species== About 100 species, including:<br/> ''[[Buddleja albiflora]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja alternifolia]]'' <br/> ''[[Buddleja americana]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja asiatica]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja auriculata]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja australis]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja bhutanica]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja brasiliensis]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja candida]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja colvilei]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja crispa]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja crotonoides]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja curviflora]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja davidii]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja delavayi]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja fallowiana]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja Xfarquharii]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja Xfarquharii]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja farreri]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja forrestii]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja globosa]]'' <br/> ''[[Buddleja indica]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja Xintermedia]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja japonica]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja lindleyana]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja madagascariensis]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja marrubiifolia]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja myriantha]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja nivea]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja officinalis]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja paniculata]]''<br/> = B. crispa<ref>Hortus III, Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorum, 1976</ref> ''[[Buddleja parviflora]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja pulchella]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja racemosa]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja saligna]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja salviifolia]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja scordioides]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja sessiliflora]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja stenostachya]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja sterniana]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja tubiflora]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja utahensis]]''<br/> ''[[Buddleja yunnanensis]]'' ==Gallery== <gallery perrow=5> Image:Monarch Butterfly Flower.jpg|Monarch Butterfly feeding on a buddleja flower, [[Connecticut]], [[United States]] Image:Buddleiabutterflies.JPG|''Buddleja davidii'' flowers with [[Vanessa cardui|Painted Lady]], [[Peacock (butterfly)|Peacock]] and (underneath) [[Small Tortoiseshell]] butterflies Image:Buddleia2.jpg|Close-up of purple ''Buddleja'' flowers File:Ibuddleiaigarata.jpg|opening white ''Buddleja'' flowers in Igarata, Brazil </gallery> ==References== <references/> *[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963 <!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --> <!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --> <!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --> ==External links== *{{wplink}} {{stub}} __NOTOC__

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