Edit Plant: Cedar

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'''Cedar''', in a strict botanical sense, refers to those [[tree]]s belonging to the genus ''Cedrus'' in the [[conifer]]ous [[plant]] family [[Pinaceae]] although the name is commonly used for other plants as well (see below). They are most closely related to the [[Fir]]s (''Abies''), sharing a very similar cone structure. They are native to the [[mountain]]s of the western [[Himalaya]] and the [[Mediterranean region]], occurring at altitudes of 1,500–3200 m in the Himalaya and 1,000–2,200 m in the Mediterranean. They are trees up to 40–50 m (occasionally 60 m) tall with spicy-resinous scented [[wood]], thick ridged or square-cracked [[bark]], and broad, level branches. The shoots are dimorphic, with long shoots, which form the framework of the branches, and short shoots, which carry most of the leaves. The [[leaf|leaves]] are [[evergreen]] and needle-like, 8–60 mm long, arranged singly in an open spiral [[phyllotaxis]] on long shoots, and in dense spiral clusters on short shoots; they vary from bright grass-green to dark green to strongly glaucous pale blue-green, depending on the thickness of the white wax layer which protects the leaves from desiccation. The [[Conifer cone|cones]] are barrel-shaped, 6–12 cm long, and, as in [[Fir|''Abies'']], disintegrate at maturity to release the winged [[seed]]s. The seeds are 10–15 mm long, with a 20–30 mm wing; as in ''Abies'', the seeds have 2–3 resin blisters, containing an unpleasant-tasting [[resin]], thought to be a defence against [[squirrel]] predation. Cone maturation takes one year, with pollination in September-October and the seeds maturing the same time a year later. Cedars are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Pine Processionary]] and [[Turnip Moth]] (recorded on Deodar Cedar). Cedars are very popular ornamental trees, widely used in [[horticulture]] in [[temperate]] [[climate]]s where winter temperatures do not fall below about -25° C (the Turkish Cedar is slightly hardier, to -30° C or just below). ==Cultivation== ===Propagation=== ===Pests and diseases=== ==Varieties== There are five [[taxon|taxa]] of ''Cedrus'', assigned according to [[Taxonomy|taxonomic]] opinion to two to four different species: * '''[[Deodar Cedar]]''' ''Cedrus deodara''. Western [[Himalaya]]. Leaves bright green to pale glaucous green, 25–60 mm; cones with slightly ridged scales. * '''[[Lebanon Cedar]]''' or '''Cedar of Lebanon''' ''Cedrus libani''. Mountains of the Mediterranean region, from Turkey and Lebanon west to Morocco. Leaves dark green to glaucous blue-green, 8–25 mm; cones with smooth scales; four varieties, which are treated as species by many authors: ** '''[[Lebanon Cedar]]''' ''Cedrus libani'' var. ''libani'' Mountains of [[Lebanon]], western [[Syria]] and south-central [[Turkey]]. Leaves dark green to glaucous blue-green, 10–25 mm. ** '''[[Turkish Cedar]]''' ''Cedrus libani'' var. ''stenocoma'' Mountains of southwest [[Turkey]]. Leaves glaucous blue-green, 8–25 mm. ** '''[[Cyprus Cedar]]''' ''Cedrus libani'' var. ''brevifolia'' or ''Cedrus brevifolia''. Mountains of [[Cyprus]]. Leaves glaucous blue-green, 8–20 mm. ** '''[[Atlas Cedar]]''' ''Cedrus libani'' var. ''atlantica'' or ''Cedrus atlantica''. [[Atlas mountains]] in [[Morocco]] & [[Algeria]]. Leaves dark green to glaucous blue-green, 10–25 mm. ==Gallery== <gallery perrow=5> Image:Cedar needle branchlet, one.jpg|a cluster of needles Image:Barouk Mountain.JPG|Lebanon Cedar in Al Shouf Cedar Nature Reserve Image:Cedrus atlantica2.jpg|Foliage of Atlas Cedar </gallery> ==References and external links == * {{wplink}} * [http://www.pinetum.org/cones/PIcones.htm Arboretum de Villardebelle - cone photos] (scroll to bottom of page) * [http://www.pinetum.org/PhotoMPF2.htm Arboretum de Villardebelle - Turkey] some photos of ''Cedrus libani'' var. ''stenocoma'' in the wild * [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Cedar 1911 Britannica "Cedar"] * Christou K. A., (1991). The genetic and taxonomic status of Cyprus Cedar, ''Cendrus brevifolia'' (Hook.) Henry. Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Greece. * [http://www.conifers.org/pi/ce/index.htm Gymnosperm Database - Cedrus] * Greuter, W., Burdet, H. M., & Long, G. (eds.), (1984). ''Med-Checklist – A critical inventory of vascular plants of the circum-mediterranean countries''. * The maturation and dispersal of cedar cones and seeds. ''International Dendrology Society Yearbook'' 1993: 43-46 (1994). * Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., & Başer, K. H. C. (ed.). 2000. ''Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands'' 11 (Supplement 2): 5-6. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-1409-5 * Meiggs, R. 1982. Trees and Timber in the Ancient Mediterranean World. * Meikle, R. D., (1977). Flora of Cyprus (Vol. One). Bentham - Moxon Trust, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. London. __NOTOC__

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