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[[File:Cymbidium Clarisse Best Pink.jpg|thumb|[[Cymbidium Clarisse]] 'Best Pink']] '''''Cymbidium''''' ({{pron-en|sɪmˈbɪdiəm}}),<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> or '''boat orchids''', is a genus of 52 [[evergreen]] species in the orchid family [[Orchidaceae]]. ''Cymbidium'' [[plant]]s are [[sympodial]] and grow to a height of 60&nbsp;cm and the [[raceme]]s as high as 90&nbsp;cm. The raceme grows from the base of the most recent [[pseudobulb]]. Each flower can have a diameter of 5 to 10&nbsp;cm, according to the species. They bloom during the winter, and each plant can have up to fifteen or more [[flower]]s. The fantastic range of colors for this [[genus]] include white, green, yellowish-green, cream, yellow, brown, pink, and red [and orange] (and there may be markings of other color shades at the same time), but not blue and black. The flowers last about ten weeks. They have a waxy texture. The rounded [[sepal]]s and [[petal]]s have about the same dimensions. They show very diverse color patterns, different for every species.{{Fact|date=April 2009}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.plantdex.com/index.php/species-growing-guides/flowers/123-cymbidium-orchid|title=Cymbidium Care|accessdate=2011-01-28}}</ref> It is one of the most popular and desirable orchids in the world because of the beautiful flowers. These plants make great [[houseplant]]s, and are also popular in floral arrangements and corsages. They have been cultivated for thousands of years, especially in [[China]]. ''Cymbidium''s became popular in Europe during the [[Victorian era]]. One feature that makes the plant so popular is the fact that it can survive during cold temperatures (as low as 7˚ C or 45˚ F) [Actually they will survive at temperatures below 32˚F for short periods and even as low as 28˚F]. {{Inc| Cymbidium (boat, from the Greek, referring to the shape of the lip). Orchidaceae. Handsome epiphytal, rarely terrestrial orchids, requiring warmhouse conditions. Stems pseudobulbous or not so: lvs. coriaceous, long, rarely short, persistent: sepals and petals sub-equal, labellum usually tri-lobed, adnate to the base of the column; column erect; pollinia 2.—Species 30 and more, tropical or subtropical, found on mountains at high elevations in Asia, and a few species in Afr. and Austral. These are among the most decorative of orchids when in bloom, and are attractive all the time owing to the graceful foliage seen on well-grown specimens. There are now many handsome species and varieties and these in their turn have produced, at the hands of the hybridizer, many fine decorative plants, so that a house of cymbidiums produces flowers most of the time, and these last many weeks in full beauty. There are few orchids whose flowers last so long, and the spikes of bloom, often 2 to 3 feet in length, are useful for decorative purposes of all kinds, either on the plants or cut. The recent species, C. insigne, is the most beautiful of all and has already lent itself to hybridization, so that to the very many known hybrids C. insigne will soon add its influence and coloring.—Cultivated cymbidiums are terrestrial, with thick fleshy roots best contained in pots. A portion of tough fibrous loam should be added to the osmundine, about half of each with plenty of broken charcoal to keep the whole porous. The plants will do well for years without disturbance at the roots, but when this is necessary, great care must be taken not to injure them. Division is, in fact, very difficult to accomplish when the pots are full of roots, and it is best practice to pot the plant in a larger receptacle if the roots are healthy, washing out loose earth and removing dead portions of roots first. Cymbidiums may be grown in a temperature of 50° as a minimum in winter, must not be subjected to strong sunlight after March, and never allowed to become dry at the roots, as these are more or less active, even in winter. Being terrestrial, weak manure-water may be applied during active growth. Many species thrive well when planted out in large palm and fern houses among rocks arranged in a natural manner, and when the plants are placed so that the flower-spikes are on a level with the vision, they have a charming effect for many weeks when in bloom, and the environment suite them well. Of the few well-marked species, there are many forms that have been collected and when flowered in cultivation, proved distinct. These in some cases have been called new species, but are now being better understood; some prove to be natural hybrids, others are varieties. (E. O. Orpet.) }} ==Cultivation== ===Propagation=== ===Diseases=== Cymbidiums are susceptible to the [[Tobacco mosaic virus]] and Cymbidium mosaic potexvirus. == Species == [[Image:Cymbidium dayanum Orchi 04.jpg|thumb|right|''Cymbidium dayanum'']] [[Image:|right|thumb|''Cymbidium Hybrid'']] [[Image:Cymbidium-floribundum.jpg|thumb|right|Golden Leaf-edge Orchid<br /> (''Cymbidium floribundum'')]] *''Cymbidium aestivum'' Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen ([[Yunnan]], China South-Central) *''Cymbidium aliciae'' (Philippines) *''[[Cymbidium aloifolium]]'': Aloe-Leafed Cymbidium (Himalaya to W. Malaysia) *''Cymbidium atropurpureum'' (S. Thailand, W. & C. Malaysia) *''[[Cymbidium bicolor]]'': Two-Colored Cymbidium (S. China to Trop. Asia) **''Cymbidium bicolor'' subsp. ''bicolor'' (S. India, Sri Lanka) Pseudobulb epiphyte **''Cymbidium bicolor'' subsp. ''obtusum'' (Himalaya to S. China and Indo-China). Pseudobulb epiphyte **''Cymbidium bicolor'' subsp. ''pubescens'' (W. & C. Malaysia) *''Cymbidium borneense'' (N. & NW. Borneo) *''[[Cymbidium canaliculatum]]'': Banana Orchid, Queensland Black Orchid, Small Groove-leaf Cymbidium (N. & E. Australia) *''Cymbidium chawalongense'' (newly discovered in [[Tibet]]) *''[[Cymbidium chloranthum]]'': Green-flowered Cymbidium (W. Malaysia) *''Cymbidium cochleare'' (E. Himalaya to Taiwan) *''Cymbidium concinnum'' Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen (Yunnan, SW China) *''Cymbidium cyperifolium'' (Himalaya to S. China and Philippines) **''Cymbidium cyperifolium'' subsp. ''cyperifolium'' (Himalaya to S. China).. Pseudobulb epiphyte **''Cymbidium cyperifolium'' subsp. ''indochinense'' (Indo-China, Philippines). Pseudobulb epiphyte *''[[Cymbidium dayanum]]'': Phoenix Orchid, Tree Orchid, Day's Cymbidium (Himalaya to S. Japan and Malaysia) *''Cymbidium defoliatum'' *''Cymbidium devonianum'': Devon's Cymbidium (Nepal to N. Thailand) *''[[Cymbidium eburneum]]'': Ivory-colored Cymbidium (Himalaya to Hainan) *''Cymbidium elongatum'' (NW. Borneo) *''Cymbidium elegans'' (SW China) *''[[Cymbidium ensifolium]]'': Four Season Orchid, Golden-thread Orchid, Spring Orchid, Burned Apex Orchid, Rock Orchid (Trop. & Temp. E. Asia) **''Cymbidium ensifolium'' subsp. ''ensifolium'': '''Mt. Tu-Wu Fall Orchid''' (Indo-China to Temp. E. Asia). Pseudobulb, epiphyte **''Cymbidium ensifolium'' subsp. ''haematodes'' (S. India to New Guinea). Pseudobulb epiphyte *''[[Cymbidium erythraeum]]'': Indian Cymbidium (Himalaya to SC. China) *''[[Cymbidium erythrostylum]]'': Red Column Cymbidium (Vietnam) *''Cymbidium faberi'': '''Multi-flower Orchid, Miscanthus Orchid''' (Uttaranchal to Taiwan) **''Cymbidium faberi'' var. ''faberi'' (C. & S. China, Taiwan). Pseudobulb epiphyte **''Cymbidium faberi'' var. ''szechuanicum'' (Uttaranchal to SC. China). Pseudobulb epiphyte *''Cymbidium finlaysonianum'': Finlayson's Cymbidium (Indo-China to Malaysia) *''Cymbidium flavum'' (China) *''[[Cymbidium floribundum]]'': '''Golden Leaf-edge Orchid, Golden-edged Orchid, Yellow Margin Orchid''' (S. China, Taiwan). *''[[Cymbidium goeringii]]'': '''Spring Orchid''' ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 春蘭) (Himalaya to Temp. E. Asia). **''Cymbidium goeringii'' subsp. ''goeringii'' : Goering's Cymbidium (Himalaya to Temp. E. Asia). Pseudobulb epiphyte ***''Cymbidium goeringii'' subsp. ''goeringii'' var. ''goeringii'': Chinese Spring Orchid, Japanese Spring Orchid, Korean Spring Orchid (Temp. E. Asia) Pseudobulb epiphyte ***''Cymbidium goeringii'' subsp. ''goeringii'' var. ''formosanum'': Taiwanese Spring Orchid (Taiwan) Pseudobulb epiphyte ***''Cymbidium goeringii'' subsp. ''goeringii'' var. ''forrestii'': Yunnanese Spring Orchid ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 雲南春蘭, 朵朵香) (SW. China) Pseudobulb epiphyte **''Cymbidium goeringii'' subsp. ''gracillimum'' : '''Leek Orchid, Chive Orchid''' ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 豆瓣綠, 豆瓣蘭, 綫葉春蘭) (Japan to S. China). Pseudobulb epiphyte **''Cymbidium goeringii'' subsp. ''longibracteatum'' (SC. China). Pseudobulb epiphyte ***''Cymbidium goeringii'' subsp. ''longibracteatum'' var. ''longibracteatum'' '''Sword-leaf Spring Orchid''' ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 春劍) (SC. China). Pseudobulb epiphyte ***''Cymbidium goeringii'' subsp. ''longibracteatum'' var. ''tsukengensis'' '''Mt. Tsukerg Orchid, Snow Orchid''' ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 雪蘭) (SC. China). Pseudobulb epiphyte **''Cymbidium goeringii'' subsp. ''tortisepalum'' : '''Broad-leaf Spring Orchid''' ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 菅草蘭) (SC. China to Taiwan) Pseudobulb epiphyte ***''Cymbidium goeringii'' subsp. ''tortisepalum'' var. ''tortisepalum'' ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 埤亞蘭) (Taiwan). Pseudobulb epiphyte ***''Cymbidium goeringii'' subsp. ''tortisepalum'' var. ''lianpan'' '''Miscanthus Orchid''' ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 蓮瓣蘭) (SC. China). Pseudobulb epiphyte *''Cymbidium gongshanense'' ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 貢山鳳蘭) (S. China) *''Cymbidium hartinahianum'' [[James Comber|J.B.Comber]] & Nasution 1977 (N. Sumatra) *''[[Cymbidium hookerianum]]'' ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 虎頭蘭, 青蟬蘭) (E. Nepal to S. China). *''Cymbidium insigne'': Splendid Cymbidium ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 美花蘭) (N. Thailand to Hainan) *''[[Cymbidium iridioides]]'': Iris-like Cymbidium ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 黃蟬蘭) (Himalaya to SC. China) *''[[Cymbidium kanran]]'': Cold-growing Cymbidium ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 寒蘭) (S. China to S. Japan) *''[[Cymbidium lancifolium]]'': Green-flowered Peacock Orchid, Lance-leafed Cymbidium ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 兔耳蘭) (Trop. & Subtrop. Asia) **''Cymbidium lancifolium'' var. ''lancifolium'' : '''Green Bamboo-leaf Orchid, Cut-grass Orchid''' (Trop. & Subtrop. Asia) Pseudobulb epiphyte **''Cymbidium lancifolium'' var. ''papuanum'' (New Guinea). Pseudobulb epiphyte *''Cymbidium longifolium'' (Himalaya to SC. China) *''Cymbidium lowianum'': Low's Cymbidium ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 碧玉蘭) (China to N. Indo-China) **''Cymbidium lowianum'' var. ''kalawense'' (Myanmar). Pseudobulb epiphyte **''Cymbidium lowianum'' var. ''lowianum'' (China to N. Indo-China). Pseudobulb epiphyte *''Cymbidium macrorhizon'' ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 大根蘭) (N. Pakistan to Temp. E. Asia). *''[[Cymbidium madidum]]'': Buttercup Orchid, Northern Cymbidium, Moist Forest Cymbidium ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 濕地蘭) (Queensland to N. New South Wales) *''Cymbidium maguanense'' F.Y. Liu: Ivory-colored Cymbidium ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 象牙白) (Yunnan, SW China) *''[[Cymbidium mastersii]]'': Master's Cymbidium ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 大雪蘭) (E. Himalaya to China) *''Cymbidium micranthum'' Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen (2004) ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 細花蘭) (Yunnan, China South-Central,temperate Asia) *''Cymbidium multiradicatum'' Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 多根蘭) (Yunnan, SW China) *''Cymbidium munronianum'' (E. Himalaya to Assam) *''Cymbidium nanulum'' ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 珍珠矮) (China (SW. Yunnan, SW. Guizhou), Hainan) *''Cymbidium omeiense'' Y.S.Wu & S.C.Chen ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 峨眉春蕙) (China, Xichuan) *''[[Cymbidium parishii]]'' (S. Myanmar) *''Cymbidium qiubeiense'' ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 邱北冬蕙蘭) (China) *''Cymbidium rectum'' (Malaysia, N. Borneo) *''Cymbidium roseum'' (W. Malaysia) *''Cymbidium sanderae'': Sander's Cymbidium (Vietnam) *''Cymbidium schroederi'' (C. Vietnam) *''Cymbidium sigmoideum'' (W. Malaysia) *''Cymbidium sinense'': Chinese Cymbidium ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 墨蘭) (Assam to Nansei-shoto) *''[[Cymbidium suave]]'': Snake Orchid ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 蛇蘭) (E. Australia) *''Cymbidium suavissimum'' ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 果香蘭) (N. Myanmar) *''Cymbidium teretipetiolatum'' (China) *''[[Cymbidium tigrinum]]'': Tiger-striped Cymbidium ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 斑舌蘭) (Assam to China). *''[[Cymbidium tracyanum]]'': Tracy's Cymbidium ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 西藏虎頭蘭) (SE. Tibet to China and Indo-China) *''Cymbidium wenshanense'' ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 文山紅柱蘭) (China to Vietnam) *''Cymbidium whiteae'' (Sikkim) *''Cymbidium wilsonii'' ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 滇南虎頭蘭) (China) == Natural Hybrids == *''Cymbidium'' × ''ballianum'' ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 巴氏雪蘭) (= ''C. eburneum'' × ''C. mastersii'') (Myanmar) *''Cymbidium'' × ''baoshanense'' ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 保山蘭) (= ''C. lowianum'' × ''C. tigrinum'') (SC. [[Yunnan]]) *''Cymbidium'' × ''chiu-lih''(?) ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 秋麗蘭) (= ''C. lancifolium'' × ''C. ensifolium'') (China) *''Cymbidium'' × ''nishiuchianum'' ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 春寒蘭) (= ''C. goeringii'' × ''C. kanran'') (Taiwan) *''Cymbidium'' × ''nishiuchianum'' ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 春暉) (= ''C. goeringii'' subsp. ''goeringii'' var. ''formosanum'' × ''C. kanran'') (Taiwan) *''Cymbidium'' × ''florinda'' (= ''C. erythrostylum'' × C. ''iridioides''. ''Cyperorchis'' × ''florinda'') (Vietnam) *''Cymbidium'' × ''gammieanum'' (= ''C. elegans'' × ''C. erythraeum''. ''Cyperorchis'' × ''gammieana'') (Nepal to Sikkim) *''Cymbidium'' × ''glebelandensis'' (= ''C. insigne'' × ''C. schroederi'') (Vietnam) *''Cymbidium'' × ''jy-shiang''(?) ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 芝香蘭) (= ''C. lancifolium'' × ''C. sinense'') (China) *''Cymbidium'' × ''rosefieldense'' (= ''C. hookerianum'' × C. tracyanum''. ''Cyperorchis'' × ''rosefieldensis'') (Vietnam) *''Cymbidium'' × ''woodlandense'' (= ''C. mastersii'' × ''C. tracyanum''. ''Cyperorchis'' × ''woodlandensis'') (Myanmar) == Asian Cymbidium == Asian Cymbidiums or Chinese Cymbidiums refer to mainly five species of cymbidiums orchids that are found throughout East Asia in areas of [[China]], [[Korea]], [[Japan]], [[India]], and in parts of [[Thailand]] and [[Vietnam]]. These species are usually grown for their [[variegation|variegated]] leaves. But plants are also grown for their fragrant flowers and peloric flower structure. Plants are usually grown in long and thin vase like pots. The five species are: *''Cymbidium sinense'' 墨蘭 *''Cymbidium ensifolium'' 建蘭 *''Cymbidium kanran'' 寒蘭 *''Cymbidium goeringii'' 春蘭 (all the varieties like v. ''longibracteatum'' 春劍, v. ''lianpan'' 蓮瓣蘭, subsp. ''gracillimum'' 豆瓣蘭 are treated as different groups in the culture traditionally) [http://www.alpine-plants-jp.com/art/syunran_1.htm Image] *''Cymbidium faberi'' 蕙蘭 == Note == {{reflist}} *{{wplink}} ==External links== {{commons|Cymbidium|Cymbidium}} *[http://www.orchids.co.in/plant-facts/cymbidium-breeding.shtm Cymbidium Breeding]Breeding in Cymbidium *[http://www.orchidgeeks.com/forum/forumdisplay.php?f=2 Orchid Forum] *[http://passmoore.com/pictures.php?Sr=28 A series of Cymbidium drawings] *[http://www.cymbidiumorchids.net Cymbidium Orchids] *[http://image.fs.uidaho.edu/vide/descr274.htm Cymbidium mosaic potexvirus] *[http://www.cymbidium.org/culture.html Cymbidium Society of America] *[http://www.orchidelirium.com Open Content Orchid Directory] *[http://www.plantdex.com/index.php/species-growing-guides/46-flowers/123-cymbidium-orchid Cymbidium Orchids] __NOTOC__

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