Edit Plant: Forsythia × intermedia

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'''''Forsythia''''' '''×''' '''''intermedia''''' ('''Border Forsythia''')<ref name=Dirr>{{cite book|author=Dirr, Michael A.| title=Dirr's Hardy Trees and Shrubs - An Illustrated Encyclopedia| publisher=Timber Press|page=58 | year=1997 | id=ISBN 0-88192-404-0|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=CmKi3t5qZe4C&pg=PA158&dq=Forsythia%20xintermedia| accessdate=2009-06-02}}</ref>is an ornamental deciduous [[shrub]] of garden origin. The shrub has an upright habit with arching branches and grows to 3 to 4 metres high.<ref name=Rowell>{{cite book|author=Rowell, Raymond J.| title=Ornamental Flowering Trees in Australia| publisher=AH & AW Reed Pty Ltd|location=Australia | year=1980 | id=ISBN 0-589-50178-X}}</ref> The opposite leaves turn yellowish or occasionally purplish in the autumn before falling.<ref name=NYSU>{{cite web|title=''Forsythia x intermedia''|work=Plant fact sheets | publisher= NC State University | url=http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/factsheets/shrubs/forsythia_xintermedia.html|accessdate=2009-06-01}}</ref> The usually pale-yellow flowers are produced on one- to two-year-old growth and may be solitary or in racemes from 2 to 6.<ref name = Rowell/> The hybrid is thought to be a cross between ''[[Forsythia viridissima]]'' and [[Forsythia suspensa|''F. suspensa'' var.''fortunei'']].<ref name=INRA/> {{Inc| Forsythia intermedia, Zabel (F. suspensa x F. viridissima,). Shrub, with slender, erect or arching branches: lvs. oblong to ovate-lanceolate, sometimes 3-lobed or ternate, usually coarsely serrate, 3-4 in. long: fls. almost like those of F. suspensa var. Fortunei. Gt. 1885:1182; 40, p. 397. Gn.W. 22:181. Var. vitellina, Koehne (F. vitellina, Koehne). With upright or spreading branches: fls. deep yellow, little over 1 in. long. Var. spectabilis, Spaeth (F. spectdbilis, Koehne). Upright with spreading and somewhat arching branches: fls. somewhat paler than of the preceding, 1 1/3 in. long, often 5-6-merous. Var. densiflora. Koehne (F. densiflora, Koehne). Upright shrub with divaricately spreading and slender arching branches: fls. crowded at the base of the branches, rather pale with flat slightly recurved corolla-lobes. Gt. 55, pp. 230, 231. Var. primulina, Rehd. Upright shrub, with spreading and arching branches: fls. crowded at the base of the branches, pale yellow; lobes of the corolla revolute at the margin.—F. intermedia is often confounded with forms of F. suspensa. In foliage it resembles much the following, which has the lvs. narrower, always simple, usually serrate only above the middle, with smaller teeth. It is as hardy as F. suspensa and very floriferous. {{SCH}} }} ==Cultivation== The hybrid is best suited to a position with full sun or partial shade and is drought-tolerant.<ref name=NYSU/> Like some other [[forsythia]]s, it is one of the earliest or even the earliest shrub to [[bloom]] in [[humid continental climate]], well adapted to temperature changes, blooms with bright yellow flowers, that are noticeable even in [[twilight]]. This makes forsythias widely cultivated in gardens, parks and various green parts of European towns, with ''Forsythia x intermedia'' hybrid being the most popular among forsythias. ===Propagation=== {{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line --> ===Pests and diseases=== {{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line --> ==Varieties== [[Cultivar]]s include: *'Arnold Dwarf' - low-growing with pale yellow flowers<ref name=NYSU/> *'Beatrix Farrand' - a particularly floriferous cultivar<ref name=NYSU/> *'Gold Tide' ('Courtasol') - floriferous, with deep yellow autumn colour<ref name=NYSU/> *'Lynwood' - large flowers with broad petals<ref name=Rowell/> *'[[Karl Sax]]' - deep yellow flowers with orange lines in the thoat. Introduced by the Arnold Arboretum in 1960.<ref name=Rowell/> *'Spectabilis'<ref name=Rowell/> *'Spring Glory' - purple-tinged foliage in autumn<ref name=NYSU/> *'Variegata' - leaves with contrasting cream edges<ref name=NYSU/> ==Gallery== {{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery --> <gallery> Image:Upload.png| photo 1 Image:Upload.png| photo 2 Image:Upload.png| photo 3 </gallery> ==References== *[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963 <!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --> <!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --> <!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --> ==External links== *{{wplink}} {{stub}} __NOTOC__

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