Edit Plant: Jatropha

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{{Inc| Jatropha (greek, referring to its medicinal use). euphorbiaceae. A varied group of tropical herbs, shrubs or trees; several species cultivated in the greenhouse for their ornamental or curious leaves and flowers; and some grown in the tropics for their economic uses. Juice milky: lvs. alternate, simple, usually palmately lobed, sometimes pinnate and entire: fls. monoecious, rarely dicecious, usually with petals; sepals 5, more or less connate at base, imbricate; stamens about 10, in 2 or more whorls, some, at least, with the filaments connate; ovary 2-5 celled, 1 ovule in each cell: fr. a caps.— About 150 species, chiefly in the tropics of Amer. and Afr. Related to Hevea and Aleurites. Most of the species of Jatropha are tropical shrubs, but several low or herbaceous species extend into the southern United States. One, the spurge nettle, J, stimulosa, Michx. (Cnidoscolus stimulosus, Gray), is a stinging weed of sandy soil in the South, with white tubular calyx. A related species J. aconitifolia, is planted for hedges in Central America. Many species have found use in medicine chiefly as local or popular remedies. The oil of J. Curcas, for which the plant is cultivated in tropical America, is used as a purgative and also for cooking, soap-making and the like. In Mexico the seeds are reported to be eaten like peanuts. A few years ago J. gossypifolia attracted some attention as a remedy for leprosy. Most of the species are adapted to sandy loam soil. They grow readily from seeds, and cuttings from hard young branches can be rooted in sand with bottom heat if dried somewhat before bedding. J. aconilifolia, mill., var. papaya, pax. Tree, apetalous, stinging, spiny. Cent. Amer.—-J. canescens, Mucll. Arg. Shrub: petals united. Calif, to Cent. Amer.—J. fragrans, HBK. Tree, stinging, spiny, apetalous: fls. aromatic. Cuba.—J. integerrima, Jacq.= J. diversifolia, Muell. Arg. Small tree or shrub: petals free, stipules entire; fls. red. B.M. 1464. W. Indies.—J. Kunthiana, Muell. Arg. Bhrub, apetalous, stinging, spiny. Trop. Amer.—J. Manihot= Manihot.—J. Pohliana, Muell. Arg. Shrub or small tree: petals free: stipules dissected. S. Brazil.—J. urens, Linn. Shrub, stinging, spiny, apetalous. G.C. II. 14:753. Trop. Amer. J. B. S. Norton. }} '''''Jatropha''''' is a [[genus]] of approximately 175 [[succulent plant]]s, [[shrub]]s and trees (some are [[deciduous]], like ''[[Jatropha curcas]]'' L.). The name is derived from Greek, and has the common name '''physic nut'''. ''Jatropha'' is native to Central America<ref name="Fairless ">{{cite journal|author=Fairless D.|year= 2007|title=Biofuel: The little shrub that could - maybe| journal=Nature|volume=449|pages=652–655|doi=10.1038/449652a}}</ref> and has become [[naturalized]] in many tropical and subtropical areas, including India, Africa, and North America. The mature small trees bear [[monoecious|separate]] male and female flowers, and do not grow very tall. As with many members of the family [[Euphorbiaceae]], ''Jatropha'' contains compounds that are highly toxic. The hardy ''Jatropha'' is resistant to [[drought]] and [[pest]]s, and produces [[seed]]s containing 27-40% [[oil]]. ==Cultivation== Outdoors: likes moderately rich soil, with humus, and some grit for good drainage. Plant in full sun. Indoors under glass: 2 parts potting mix (soil based) to one part grit and one part leaf mold. Give strong light, but protect from hot sun under glass. Water moderately in Spring/Summer, with monthly fertilizer, and keep very dry in Fall/Winter. ===Propagation=== Seed should be sown in Spring or Summer at 74F (25C). ===Pests and diseases=== Susceptible to mushroom root rot, [[rust]], fungal leaf spot, [[scale]] insects, [[mealybugs]]. ==Species== [[Image:Bellyache Bush (Jatropha gossipifolia) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9219.jpg|thumb|''[[Jatropha gossipifolia]]'' in [[Hyderabad, India]]. ]] [[Image:Jatropha4.jpg|thumb|''Jatropha multifida'']] [[File:Jatropha podagrica (Buddha Belly plant) in Hyderabad W IMG 8812.jpg|thumb|''[[Jatropha podagrica]]'' in [[Hyderabad, India]]. ]] Species of ''Jatropha'' include: * ''[[Jatropha cuneata]]'' '''limberbush''', whose stems are used for basketmaking by the [[Seri people]] in [[Sonora]], Mexico, who call it '''haat'''. * ''[[Jatropha curcas]]'', also known as '''physic nut''', '''piñoncillo''' and '''Habb-El-Melúk''', is used to produce the non-edible [[Jatropha oil]], for making candles and [[soap]], and as a feedstock for producing [[biodiesel]]. * ''[[Jatropha gossypifolia]]'', also called '''bellyache bush''': its fruits and foliage are toxic to humans and animals. It is a major weed in Australia. * ''[[Jatropha integerrima]]'' [[Nicolaus Joseph von Jacquin|Jacq.]], or '''spicy jatropha''': ornamental in the tropics, continuously [[crimson]], flowers almost all year. * ''[[Jatropha multifida]]'' [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]], or '''coral plant''': bright red flowers, like red coral, charactertised by strongly incised leaves. * ''[[Jatropha podagrica]]'' or '''buddha belly plant''' or '''bottleplant shrub''' was used to [[tanning|tan]] [[leather]] and produce a red [[dye]] in Mexico and the Southwestern United States. It is also used as a house plant. Synonyms -- This genus is also known as: ''Adenorhopium'' [[Rchb.]], ''Adenoropium'' [[Johann Baptist Emanuel Pohl|Pohl]], ''Aamanakku / Kaattaamanakku'' [[Tamil, India]], ''Castiglionia'' [[Hipólito Ruiz López|Ruiz]] & [[Pav.]], ''Collenucia'' [[Chiov.]], ''Curcas'' [[Adans.]], ''Jarak'' [[Indonesia]], ''Jatropa'' [[Scop.]], orth. var., ''Loureira'' [[Cav.]], ''Mesandrinia'' [[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz|Raf.]], ''Mesandrinia'' Ortega, ''Zimapania'' [[Adolf Engler|Engl.]] & [[Ferdinand Albin Pax|Pax]], ''Nkran Dedua'', ''Pourghère'' [[French term]], ''Pulga'', ''Tempate'' ==Toxicity== Characteristic of many members of the family [[Euphorbiaceae]], ''Jatropha'' plants contain several toxic compounds, including [[lectin]], [[saponin]], carcinogenic [[phorbol]], and a [[trypsin inhibitor]]. Despite this, the seeds are occasionally eaten after roasting, which reduces some of the toxicity. Its sap is a skin irritant, and ingesting as few as three untreated seeds can be fatal to humans. In 2005 Western Australia banned ''[[Jatropha gossypifolia]]'' as invasive and highly toxic to people and animals. ==Gallery== <gallery perrow=5> File:J macrantha ies.jpg File:J integerrima ies.jpg File:J spicata2 ies.jpg File:Jatropha integerrima bain boeuf DSC 9488a.jpg File:Jatropha in Paraguay Chaco.jpg File:Jatropha dhofarica ies.jpg File:Jatropha cinera ies.jpg File:Jatropha interregima.JPG File:Jatropha malacophylla ies.jpg File:Starr 031108-0142 Jatropha integerrima.jpg File:Starr 070405-6821 Jatropha integerrima.jpg File:Starr 980529-4190 Jatropha integerrima.jpg File:Starr 070906-8396 Jatropha integerrima.jpg File:Starr 070906-8338 Jatropha integerrima.jpg Image:Bellyache Bush (Jatropha gossipifolia) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9470.jpg|in [[Hyderabad, India]]. Image:Bellyache Bush (Jatropha gossipifolia) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9378.jpg|in [[Hyderabad, India]]. Image:Bellyache Bush (Jatropha gossipifolia) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9473.jpg|in [[Hyderabad, India]]. </gallery> ==References== <references/> *[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963    ==External links== *{{wplink}} {{stub}} __NOTOC__

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