Edit Plant: Lolium perenne

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Taxonomy:	Genus and species are usually defined, subspecies and cultivar/variety often don't even exist and are left blank. Familia: Genus: Species: Subspecies: Cultivar/Variety: Taxo author:
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Origin:	(briefly write native areas) Reference:
Poisonous:	(briefly write if parts are poisonous) Reference:
Lifespan:	perennial annual biennial unknown (only choose one if species or cultivar) Reference:
Exposure:	sun part-sun shade unknown Reference: Need Help?
Water:	wet moist moderate dry less when dormant Reference:
Features:	evergreen deciduous flowers fragrance edible fruit naturalizes invasive foliage birds wildlife bees bonsai cut flowers hummingbirds butterflys drought tolerant houseplant fall color ground cover fire resistant
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Lowest USDA zone:	None 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5 12 Reference: Need Help?
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Sunset zones:	(use National book, or indicate which was used- SSN, SSW, etc)
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'''Perennial Ryegrass''' (''Lolium perenne'') is a [[grass]] from the family [[Poaceae]]. It is native to [[Europe]], [[Asia]] and northern [[Africa]], but is widely cultivated and naturalised around the world. Perennial ryegrass is a low-growing, tufted, hairless grass, lacking [[stolon]]s or [[rhizome]]s. The leaves are dark green, smooth and glossy, with untoothed parallel sides and prominent parallel veins on the upper surface. The leaves are folded lengthwise in bud (unlike the rolled leaves of Italian ryegrass, ''Lolium multiflorum'') with a strong central keel. The [[ligule]] is very short and truncate, often difficult to see, and small white auricles grip the stem at the base of the leaf blade. Leaf sheaths at the base are usually tinged pink. The [[inflorescence]] is unbranched, with spikelets on alternating sides edgeways-on to the stem. Each spikelet has only a single glume, on the side away from the stem, and multiple fertile florets without [[awn (botany)|awn]]s. Perennial ryegrass has a fibrous root system, with thick main roots and thinner lateral branches. Roots are usually [[arbuscular mycorrhiza]]l. {{Inc| Lolium perenne, Linn. Perennial Rye-Grass. One to 3 ft. high, with shining lvs. and slender spike, 4-10 in. long: spikelets 8-16-fld., awnless or only short-awned. Dept. Agric., Div. Agrost. 7:301. }} ==Cultivation== Perennial ryegrass is an important pasture and forage plant, and is used in many pasture seed mixes. In fertile soil it produces a high grass yield, and in Britain and Ireland is frequently sown for short-term ley grassland, often with red or white [[clover]] (Trifolium). Selected seed mixes are used extensively for sports pitches, especially winter sports in temperate climates, because of its wear resistance and its ability to regenerate. It is commonly used in the southwest United States to overseed winter lawns. Bermudagrass is a typical summertime grass in states like Arizona, since it is able to withstand the high temperatures. However, Bermudagrass goes dormant during the cooler winter months. Rather than have brown lawns, many homeowners, public areas, and golf courses overseed these lawns with Perennial Ryegrass in early- to mid- September. Turf-type Perennial Ryegrass can be grown as a permanent home lawn in the US, however, its adaptation range is limited to areas with mild winters and summers. Full sun to light shade, good yearly rainfall, and proper fertilization are the key to a successful perennial ryegrass lawn. Perennial Ryegrass forms a very dense, dark green, fine bladed turf with the proper maintenance, and it can be successfully grown as a permanent lawn as far south as the lower transition zone - from North Carolina west to northern California. Yearly overseeding might be needed to replace damaged grass caused by excesive heat during the summer. Maximun daytime temperature should not reach 90 F on a regular basis. Night time temperatures should hover around 68 F or less. ===Propagation===  ===Pests and diseases===  ==Species==  ==Gallery== <gallery> Image:Engels raaigras (Lolium perenne).jpg|<center>Single plant</center> Image:Engels raaigras spruiten (Lolium perenne tillers).jpg|<center>Tillers</center> Image:Lolium perenne Engels raaigras.jpg Image:Lolium perenne Engels raaigras doorschietend.jpg|<center>Ear emerging</center> Image:Lolium perenne Engels raaigras doorgeschoten plant.jpg|<center>Ear emerging</center> Image:Engels raaigrasaar in bloei Lolium perenne.jpg|<center>Flowering</center> Image:Lolium perenne Engels raaigras ligula.jpg|<center>Ligula</center> Image:Lolium.perenne1web.jpg Image:lolium_perenne.jpeg Image:lolium_perenne_aehre.jpeg|<center>Spike in detail</center> Image:Engels raaigras vruchten (Lolium perenne fruits).jpg|<center>Fruit (seeds)</center> Image:Lolium.perenne.jpg Image:Lolium.perenne.2.jpg </gallery> ==References== *[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963    ==External links== *{{wplink}} {{stub}} __NOTOC__

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