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Vigorous, densely foliaged fir. Under cultivation reaches 30-50 feet tall, 20 feet wide. Needles are dark green and shiny, .25 to 1.5 inches long, having whitish bands underneath, and densely covering the branches. Does well in warm and dry summer western US and humid mid-Atlantic and southeastern states, but does best with regular water. Can be kept long-term in containers. '''Nordmann Fir''' (''Abies nordmanniana'') is a [[fir]] native to the [[mountain]]s south and east of the [[Black Sea]], in [[Turkey]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Russia]]n [[Caucasus]] and northern parts of [[Armenia]]. It occurs at altitudes of 900-2,200 m on mountains with a rainfall of over 1,000 mm. It is a large [[evergreen]] [[conifer]]ous [[tree]] growing to 60 m tall and with a trunk diameter of up to 2 m. In the [[Western Caucasus]] Reserve, some specimens have been reported to be 78 m and even 85 m tall <ref>{{cite web | url = http://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/900.pdf | title = Western Caucasus WHA, IUCN Technical Evaluation}}</ref> , the tallest trees in Europe. The [[leaf|leaves]] are needle-like, flattened, 1.8-3.5 cm long and 2 mm wide by 0.5 mm thick, glossy dark green above, and with two blue-white bands of [[stomata]] below. The tip of the leaf is usually blunt, often slightly notched at the tip, but can be pointed, particularly on strong-growing shoots on young trees. The [[conifer cone|cones]] are 10-20 cm long and 4-5 cm broad, with about 150-200 scales, each scale with an exserted bract and two winged [[seed]]s; they disintegrate when mature to release the seeds. :''More information about this species can be found on the [[Abies|genus page]].'' ==Cultivation== {{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line --> ===Propagation=== {{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line --> ===Pests and diseases=== {{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line --> ==Varieties== There are two subspecies (treated as distinct species by some botanists), intergrading where they meet in northern [[Turkey]] at about 36°E longitude: *'''Caucasian Fir''' ''Abies nordmanniana'' subsp. ''nordmanniana''. Native to the [[Caucasus (mountains)|Caucasus]] mountains and northeastern Turkey west to about 36°E. Shoots often pubescent (hairy). *'''Turkish Fir''' ''Abies nordmanniana'' subsp. ''equi-trojani'' (syn. ''A. bornmuelleriana'', ''A. equi-trojani''). Native to northwestern Turkey from [[Mount Ida]] eastwards to about 36°E. Shoots usually glabrous (hairless). ==Gallery== <gallery perrow=5> File:Julgransförsäljning utanför Lunds domkyrka.jpg File:Abies spec.jpg File:Abies nordmanniana bark.jpg File:Borjomi Kharaguli National Park - Georgia (5).jpg Image:Upload.png| photo </gallery> ==References== <!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --> <!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --> <!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --> ==External links== *{{wplink}} {{stub}} __NOTOC__
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