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The '''Red Fir''' or '''Silvertip fir''' (''Abies magnifica'') is a western [[North America]]n [[fir]], native to the [[mountain]]s of southwest [[Oregon]] and [[California]] in the [[United States]]. It is a large [[evergreen]] [[tree]] typically up to 40-60 m tall and 2 m trunk diameter, rarely to 76 m tall and 3 m diameter, with a narrow conic crown. The [[bark]] on young trees is smooth, grey, and with [[resin]] blisters, becoming orange-red, rough and fissured on old trees. The [[leaf|leaves]] are needle-like, 2-3.5 cm long, glaucous blue-green above and below with strong [[stomata]]l bands, and an acute tip. They are arranged spirally on the shoot, but twisted slightly s-shaped to be upcurved above the shoot. The [[conifer cone|cones]] are erect, 9-21 cm long, yellow-green (occasionally purple), ripening brown and disintegrating to release the winged [[seed]]s in fall. :''More information about this species can be found on the [[Abies|genus page]].'' ==Cultivation== {{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line --> ===Propagation=== {{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line --> ===Pests and diseases=== {{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line --> ==Varieties== There are two, perhaps three varieties{{wp}}: * ''Abies magnifica'' var. ''magnifica'' ('''Red Fir''') - cones large (14-21 cm), cone bract scales short, not visible on the closed cones. Most of the species' range, primarily in the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]]{{wp}}. * ''Abies magnifica'' var. ''shastensis'' ('''Shasta Red Fir''') - cones large (14-21 cm), cone bract scales longer, visible on the closed cone. The northwest of the species' range, in southwest Oregon and [[Shasta County, California|Shasta]], [[Siskiyou County, California|Siskiyou]] and [[Trinity County, California|Trinity]] Counties in northwest California{{wp}}. * Trees on the eastern side of the southern Sierra Nevada also have long bracts, and additionally have smaller cones, 9-15 cm long. These trees, possibly a third variety, have not been formally named{{wp}}. Red Fir is very closely related to [[Noble Fir]] (''Abies procera''), which replaces it further north in the [[Cascade Range]]. They are best distinguished by the leaves; Noble Fir leaves have a groove along the midrib on the upper side, while Red Fir does not show this. Red Fir also tends to have the leaves less closely packed, with the shoot bark visible between the leaves, whereas the shoot is largely hidden in Noble Fir. Some botanists treat ''Abies magnifica'' var. ''shastensis'' as a natural hybrid between Red Fir and Noble Fir{{wp}}. ==Gallery== <gallery perrow=5> File:Abies magnifica 8009.jpg File:Abies magnifica Tahoe1.jpg File:Abies magnifica cone Tahoe1.jpg File:Upper montane veg zone in Yosemite.jpg </gallery> ==References== <!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --> *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 <!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --> ==External links== *{{wplink}} {{stub}} __NOTOC__
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