Edit Plant: Roystonea regia

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'''''Roystonea regia''''', commonly known as the '''Cuban royal palm''', '''Florida royal palm''', or simply the '''royal palm''' is a species of [[Arecaceae|palm]] which is native to southern Florida, Mexico and parts of [[Central America]] and the northern [[Caribbean]]. It ranged into central Florida in the eighteenth century but in modern times it is only known from tropical parts of south Florida. A large and attractive palm, it has been planted throughout the tropics and subtropics as an ornamental tree. Although it is sometimes called ''R. elata'', the name [[conserved name]] ''R. regia'' now the correct name for the species. Populations in [[Cuba]] and [[Florida]] were long seen as separate species, but are now considered to belong to a single species. [[File:Crownshaft Roystonea -1.JPG|left|thumb|View of a mature individual from below. The distinctive [[crownshaft]] and canopy of pinnate leaves is clearly visible. Note the smooth trunk and rows of circular leaf scars]] ''Roystonea regia'' is a large palm which reaches a height of {{convert|20|–|30|m|ft}} tall,<ref name = Zona>{{cite journal | quotes = no | last = Zona | first = Scott | year = 1996 | month = December | title = Roystonea (Arecaceae: Arecoideae) | journal = Flora Neotropica | volume = 71 }}</ref> (with heights up to {{convert|34.5|m|abbr=on}} reported)<ref name = Connor>{{cite book|last=Connor|first=K. F.|editor=J. A. Vozzo|title=Tropical tree seed manual|url=http://www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm|year=2002|publisher=USDA Forest Service Agriculture Handbook 721|location=Washington, DC|pages=698–700|chapter=''Roystonea regia'' (Kunth) O.F. Cook|chapterurl=http://www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm/Folder.2003-07-11.4726/PDF.2004-03-16.2047/file}}</ref> and a stem diameter of about {{convert|47|cm}}.<ref name = Zona/> (K. F. Connor reports a maximum stem diameter of {{convert|61|cm|abbr=on}}.)<ref name = Connor/> The trunk is stout, very smooth and grey-white in colour with a characteristic bulge below a distinctive green [[crownshaft]].<ref name = FNA>{{Cite web| url = http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200027116| author = eFloras| title = ''Roystonea regia''| accessdate = 2009-01-04| work = Flora of North America| publisher = Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA}}</ref> Trees have about 15 leaves which can be up to {{convert|4|m|0|abbr=on}} long.<ref name = Zona/> The flowers are white with pinkish anthers.<ref name = FNA/> The fruit are [[spheroid]] to [[ellipsoid]] in shape, {{convert|8.9|–|15|mm}} long and {{convert|7|–|10.9|mm|abbr=on}} wide.<ref name = Zona/> They are green when immature, turning red and eventually purplish-black as they mature.<ref name = FNA/> [[Root nodule]]s containing ''[[Rhizobium]]'' bacteria have been found on ''R. regia'' trees in [[India]]. The presence of [[rhizobia]]-containing root nodules is usually associated with [[nitrogen fixation]] in [[legume]]s; this was the first record of root nodules in a [[monocotyledon]]ous tree.<ref name = Basu1997>{{cite journal| quotes = no| last = Basu| first = P. S.| coauthors = A. C. Ghosh; T. K. Dangar| year = 1997| title = ''Roystonea regia'' a monocotyledonous tree, bears rhizobial root nodules| journal = Folia Microbiologica| volume = 42| issue = 6| pages = 601–06| doi = 10.1007/BF02815473}}</ref> Further evidence of nitrogen fixation was provided by the presence of [[nitrogenase]] (an enzyme used in nitrogen fixation) and [[leghemoglobin|leghaemoglobin]], a compound which allows nitrogenase to function by reducing the oxygen concentration in the root nodule.<ref name = Basu1997/> In addition to evidence of nitrogen fixation, the nodules were also found to be producing [[Indole-3-acetic acid|indole acetic acid]], an important [[plant hormone]].<ref name = Basu1998>{{cite journal| quotes = no| last = Basu| first = P. S.| coauthors = A. C. Ghosh| year = 1998| title = Indole Acetic Acid and Its Metabolism in Root Nodules of a Monocotyledonous Tree ''Roystonea regia''| journal = Current Microbiology| volume = 37| issue = 2| pages = 137–40| doi = 10.1007/s002849900352}}</ref><ref name = Basu2001>{{cite journal| quotes = no| last = Basu| first = P. S.| coauthors = A. C. Ghosh| year = 2001| title = Production of Indole Acetic Acid in Culture by a Rhizobium Species from the Root Nodules of a Monocotyledonous Tree, ''Roystonea regia''| journal = Acta Biotechnologia| volume = 21| issue = 1| pages = 65–72| doi = 10.1002/1521-3846(200102)21:1<65::AID-ABIO65>3.0.CO;2-#}}</ref> {{Inc| Oreodoxa regia, HBK. (Roystonea regia, O. F. Cook). Royal Palm. Caudex 40-60 ft. high.: Lvs. 8-10 ft. long; lf.-segms. 2½ ft. long, 1 in. or less wide, linear, acuminate: fr. ovoid, ½ in. Cuba, Antigua.—Commonly planted in the W. Indies; also elsewhere. The form in Fla. (separated as Roystonea floridana, O. F. Cook) is said to lack the characteristic bulge in the trunk and to grow in reach of tide-water rather than on the hills or elevated lands. In the Everglades this native palm sometimes reaches 125 ft. in height, with Lvs. 15 ft. long. It is tall and slender when young. }} ==Cultivation== ===Propagation=== ===Pests and diseases=== ==Varieties== synonyms: ''Oreodoxa regia'' Kunth ''Oenocarpus regius'' (Kunth) [[Curt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel|Spreng.]] ''Palma elata'' [[William Bartram|W.Bartram]] ''Roystonea floridana'' O.F.Cook ''Euterpe jenmanii'' [[Charles Henry Wright|C.H.Wright]] ''Euterpe ventricosa'' C.H.Wright ''Roystonea jenmanii'' (C.H.Wright) [[Max Burret|Burret]] ''Roystonea elata'' (W.Bartram) [[Francis Harper (biologist)|F.Harper]] ''Roystonea ventricosa'' (C.H.Wright) [[Liberty Hyde Bailey|L.H.Bailey]] ''Roystonea regia'' var. ''hondurensis'' [[Paul H. Allen|P.H.Allen]]<ref name = Kew>{{cite web |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=180149&repSynonym_id=143461&name_id=180149&status=true |title= ''Roystonea regia''|accessdate=2009-01-03 |format= |work= [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families}}</ref> ==Gallery== <gallery perrow=5> Image:Upload.png| photo 1 Image:Upload.png| photo 2 Image:Upload.png| photo 3 </gallery> ==References== {{reflist}} *[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963    ==External links== *{{wplink}} {{stub}} __NOTOC__

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