Edit Plant: Salsify

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A '''salsify''', or '''goatsbeard''', is a [[flowering plant]] in the [[genus]] '''''Tragopogon'''''. ''Tragopogon'' is in the family [[Asteraceae]] and has over 140 species, including the [[vegetable]] known as [[Tragopogon porrifolius|salsify]], as well as a number of common wild flowers, some of which are usually regarded as [[weed]]s. Salsifies are [[forb]]s growing as [[biennial plant|biennial]] or [[perennial plant]]s. They have a strong taproot and milky [[Sap (plant)|sap]]. They generally have few branches, and those there are tend to be upright. Their leaves are somewhat grass-like. Flower colour varies within the genus, with some yellow species, and some bronze or purple. Seeds are borne in a globe like that of a [[dandelion]] but larger, and are dispersed by the wind. The salsifies are natives of [[Europe]] and [[Asia]], but several species have been introduced into [[North America]] and [[Australia]] and have spread widely there. Some of the more common species of ''Tragopogon'' are known, in the regions where they are most common, by the common names goat's beard, goatsbeard, salsify, or common salsify, without further qualification. These names are therefore inherently ambiguous, and best avoided, or reserved for the genus collectively. In the species list below, the first common name given is the one that seems to be most widely used for that species and is not in significant use for any other species. The vegetable called salsify is usually the root of [[purple salsify]], ''Tragopogon porrifolius''; the root is described as having the taste of [[oyster]]s (hence the alternative common name "oyster plant" for some species in this genus), but more insipid with a touch of sweetness. The young shoots of purple salsify can also be eaten, as well as young leaves[http://www.northernbushcraft.com/plants/salsify/notes.htm]. Other species are also used in the same way, including the black or [[Spanish salsify]], ''Scorzonera hispanica'', which is closely related though not a member of the genus ''Tragopogon''. {{Inc| Salsify (formerly sometimes spelled salsafy) is Tragopogon porrifolius, one of the Compositae. A garden esculent, grown for the fleshy root. This root has the flavor of oysters, hence the plant is sometimes called vegetable oyster and oyster plant. Salsify is perfectly hardy. The seeds (which are really fruits) are sown in early spring, about as soon as the soil can be prepared, in drills where the plants are to stand. The drills may be 2 to 3 feet apart, if tilled by light horse-tools, or half that distance if tilled only by hand. In the rows, the plants are thinned to stand 3 to 6 inches apart. The plant requires the entire season, in the North, in which to grow. The roots may be allowed to remain in the ground until spring, for freezing does not harm them. In fact, they are usually better for being left in the ground, because they do not shrivel and become tough as they often do in storage. If they are kept cool and moist in storage, however, the quality is as good as when the roots remain in the ground. At least a part of the crop should be stored, for the table or the market during winter and early spring. The plant is biennial. The second spring, a strong stalk 2 to 3 feet tall is sent up from the crown of the root, and in spring or early summer an abundance of light purple flower-heads are produced. The flowers, or heads, close about noon. The leaves are long, linear, and grass-like. The roots are small, well-grown specimens being about 1 foot long and unbranched, and about 2 inches in diameter at the top. The skin is grayish white. Salsify is easy to grow, and it has no serious pests. It is a vegetable of secondary importance commercially, although it should be in every home-garden, particularly in the North, where it thrives best. Eight to ten pounds of seed is sown to the acre. There are few varieties, and these have no marked characteristics except in size. The Mammoth Sandwich Island and Improved French are probably the best varieties. Salsify is native to southern Europe. In some places it has escaped as a weed. See Tragopogon. Black salsify is Scorzonera; Spanish salsify is Scolymus. }} {{Inc| Tragopogon (Greek for goat's beard). Compositae. Goat's-beard. Erect biennial or perennial herbs with narrow grass-like leaves and heads of yellow or purple flowers, belonging to the ligulate section of the composite family (tribe Cichoriaceae). Mostly weedy plants with a tap-root: florets perfect, with slender style-branches and sagittate anthers; pappus composed of bristles in a single series; involucre cylindric or nearly so, with approximately equal-length bracts in a single row.—Between 30 and 40 species, native to S. Eu., N. Afr., and Cent. and S. Asia. One of them is cult. for its edible taproot (salsify) and another is now a frequent weed in thus country. The fls. of these open only in the morning. }} ==Cultivation== {{edit-cult}} ===Propagation=== {{edit-prop}} ===Pests and diseases=== {{edit-pests}} ==Species== About 45 species, including: {| | [[Tragopogon acanthocarpus|''T. acanthocarpus'']] Boiss [[Tragopogon afghanicus|''T. afghanicus'']] Rech.f. & Köie [[Tragopogon agrostiphyllus|''T. agrostiphyllus'']] Rech.f. & Köie [[Tragopogon alaicus|''T. alaicus'']] Nikitin [[Tragopogon albinerve|''T. albinerve'']] Freyn & Sint. [[Tragopogon albomarginatus|''T. albomarginatus'']] Kitam. [[Tragopogon altaicus|''T. altaicus'']] S.A.Nikitin & Schischk. [[Tragopogon angustissimus|''T. angustissimus'']] S.A.Nikitin [[Tragopogon armeniacus|''T. armeniacus'']] Kuth. [[Tragopogon artemczukii|''T. artemczukii'']] Klokov [[Tragopogon aureus|''T. aureus'']] Boiss. [[Tragopogon badachschanicus|''T. badachschanicus'']] Boriss. [[Tragopogon bakhtiaricus|''T. bakhtiaricus'']] Rech.f. [[Tragopogon balcanicus|''T. balcanicus'']] Velen. [[Tragopogon barbirostris|''T. barbirostris'']] Bisch. [[Tragopogon bjelorussicus|''T. bjelorussicus'']] Artemczuk [[Tragopogon bornmuelleri|''T. bornmuelleri'']] G.B.Ownbey & Rech.f. [[Tragopogon capitatus|''T. capitatus'']] S.A.Nikitin [[Tragopogon castellanus|''T. castellanus'']] Levier [[Tragopogon cazorlanum|''T. cazorlanum'']] C.Díaz & Blanca [[Tragopogon charadzeae|''T. charadzeae'']] Kuth. [[Tragopogon clavulatus|''T. clavulatus'']] S.A.Nikitin [[Tragopogon coelesyriacus|''T. coelesyriacus'']] Boiss. [[Tragopogon colchicus|''T. colchicus'']] Albov ex Grossh. [[Tragopogon collinus|''T. collinus'']] DC. [[Tragopogon coloratus|''T. coloratus'']] C.A.Mey. [[Tragopogon conduplicatus|''T. conduplicatus'']] S.A.Nikitin [[Tragopogon cretaceus|''T. cretaceus'']] S.A.Nikitin [[Tragopogon crocifolius|''T. crocifolius'']] L. [[Tragopogon cupani|''T. cupani'']] Guss. ex DC. [[Tragopogon dasyrhynchus|''T. dasyrhynchus'']] Artemczuk [[Tragopogon dolichocarpus|''T. dolichocarpus'']] Klokov [[Tragopogon duarius|''T. duarius'']] Chenev. [[Tragopogon dubianskyi|''T. dubianskyi'']] Krasch. & S.A.Nikitin [[Tragopogon dubius|''T. dubius'']] Scop. - western salsify, western goat's beard, wild oysterplant, yellow salsify, yellow goat's beard, meadow goat's beard, goat's beard, goatsbeard, common salsify, salsify [[Tragopogon elatior|''T. elatior'']] Steven [[Tragopogon elongatus|''T. elongatus'']] S.A.Nikitin [[Tragopogon erostris|''T. erostris'']] Boiss. & Hausskn. [[Tragopogon fibrosum|''T. fibrosum'']] Freyn & Sint. ex Freyn [[Tragopogon filifolius|''T. filifolius'']] Rehm. ex Boiss. [[Tragopogon flexuosus|''T. flexuosus'']] Sosn. ex Grossh. [[Tragopogon floccosus|''T. floccosus'']] Waldst. & Kit. - woolly goatsbeard [[Tragopogon gaudanicus|''T. gaudanicus'']] Boriss. [[Tragopogon glabrum|''T. glabrum'']] G.Nicholson [[Tragopogon gongylorrhizus|''T. gongylorrhizus'']] Rech.f. [[Tragopogon gracilis|''T. gracilis'']] D.Don [[Tragopogon graminifolius|''T. graminifolius'']] DC. [[Tragopogon hayekii|''T. hayekii'']] (Soó) I.Richardson [[Tragopogon heteropappus|''T. heteropappus'']] C.H.An [[Tragopogon hortensis|''T. hortensis'']] Focke [[Tragopogon humilis|''T. humilis'']] Fisch. [[Tragopogon hybridus|''T. hybridus'']] L. - pasture goatsbeard [[Tragopogon idae|''T. idae'']] Kuth. [[Tragopogon iranicus|''T. iranicus'']] Rech.f. [[Tragopogon jesdianus|''T. jesdianus'']] Boiss. & Buhse [[Tragopogon karelinii|''T. karelinii'']] S.A.Nikitin [[Tragopogon karjaginii|''T. karjaginii'']] Kuth. [[Tragopogon kasahstanicus|''T. kasahstanicus'']] S.A.Nikitin [[Tragopogon kashmirianus|''T. kashmirianus'']] G.Singh [[Tragopogon kemulariae|''T. kemulariae'']] Kuth. [[Tragopogon ketzkhovelii|''T. ketzkhovelii'']] Kuth. [[Tragopogon khorasanicus|''T. khorasanicus'']] Rech.f. [[Tragopogon kindingeri|''T. kindingeri'']] Adamov [[Tragopogon kopetdaghensis|''T. kopetdaghensis'']] Boriss. [[Tragopogon krascheninnikovii|''T. krascheninnikovii'']] S.A.Nikitin [[Tragopogon kultiassovii|''T. kultiassovii'']] Popov ex S.A.Nikitin [[Tragopogon kurdicus|''T. kurdicus'']] Blakelock [[Tragopogon kurdistanicus|''T. kurdistanicus'']] Chrtek & Hadač [[Tragopogon lassithicus|''T. lassithicus'']] Rech.f. [[Tragopogon latifolius|''T. latifolius'']] Boiss. [[Tragopogon leiorhynchus|''T. leiorhynchus'']] Klokov [[Tragopogon leonidae|''T. leonidae'']] Kuth. [[Tragopogon leucanthus|''T. leucanthus'']] Rech.f. [[Tragopogon lamottei|''T. lamottei'']] Rouy - jack-go-to-bed-at-noon [[Tragopogon makaschwilii|''T. makaschwilii'']] Kuth. [[Tragopogon malikus|''T. malikus'']] S.A.Nikitin |   | [[Tragopogon marginatus|''T. marginatus'']] Pavlov [[Tragopogon melanantherus|''T. melanantherus'']] Klokov [[Tragopogon meskheticus|''T. meskheticus'']] Kuth. [[Tragopogon minor|''T. minor'']] Mill. [[Tragopogon mirabilis|''T. mirabilis'']] Rouy - Ontario goatsbeard [[Tragopogon mirus|''T. mirus'']] G.B.Ownbey - remarkable goatsbeard [[Tragopogon miscellus|''T. miscellus'']] G.B.Ownbey - hybrid goat's-beard, Moscow salsify [[Tragopogon moldavicus|''T. moldavicus'']] Klokov [[Tragopogon montanus|''T. montanus'']] S.A.Nikitin [[Tragopogon mutabilis|''T. mutabilis'']] Jacq. [[Tragopogon nebrodensis|''T. nebrodensis'']] Guss. [[Tragopogon neglectum|''T. neglectum'']] Hausskn. [[Tragopogon olympicus|''T. olympicus'']] Boiss. [[Tragopogon orientalis|''T. orientalis'']] L. [[Tragopogon otschiaurii|''T. otschiaurii'']] Kuth. [[Tragopogon paradoxus|''T. paradoxus'']] S.A.Nikitin [[Tragopogon parviflorus|''T. parviflorus'']] Trev. [[Tragopogon perpusillus|''T. perpusillus'']] Arv.-Touv. [[Tragopogon persicus|''T. persicus'']] Boiss. [[Tragopogon phaeus|''T. phaeus'']] Focke [[Tragopogon pichleri|''T. pichlerii'']] Boiss. [[Tragopogon porphyrocephalus|''T. porphyrocephalus'']] Rech.f. [[Tragopogon porrifolius|''T. porrifolius'']] L. - salsify, purple salsify, oyster plant, common salsify, goatsbeard [[Tragopogon praecox|''T. praecox'']] Focke [[Tragopogon pratensis|''T. pratensis'']] L. - jack-go-to-bed-at-noon, meadow salsify or goatsbeard [[Tragopogon pseudocastellanus|''T. pseudocastellanus'']] Blanca & C.Díaz [[Tragopogon pseudomajus|''T. pseudomajus'']] S.A.Nikitin [[Tragopogon pterodes|''T. pterodes'']] Pančić [[Tragopogon pubescens|''T. pubescens'']] Kit. [[Tragopogon pusillus|''T. pusillus'']] M.Bieb. [[Tragopogon rechingeri|''T. rechingeri'']] G.B.Ownbey [[Tragopogon reticulatus|''T. reticulatus'']] Boiss. & A.Huet [[Tragopogon rezaiyensis|''T. rezaiyensis'']] Rech.f. [[Tragopogon rhodanthus|''T. rhodanthus'']] Sweet [[Tragopogon ruber|''T. ruber'']] S.G.Gmel. [[Tragopogon rumelicum|''T. rumelicum'']] Velen. [[Tragopogon ruthenicus|''T. ruthenicus'']] Besser ex Claus [[Tragopogon sabulosus|''T. sabulosus'']] Krasch. & S.A.Nikitin [[Tragopogon samaritani|''T. samaritani'']] Heldr. & Sart. [[Tragopogon savranicus|''T. savranicus'']] Sobko [[Tragopogon scopoli|''T. scopoli'']] Vill. [[Tragopogon segetus|''T. segetus'']] Kuth. [[Tragopogon serawschanicus|''T. serawschanicus'']] S.A.Nikitin [[Tragopogon sibiricus|''T. sibiricus'']] Ganesch. [[Tragopogon silesiacus|''T. silesiacus'']] Krock. [[Tragopogon soltisiorum|''T. soltisiorum'']] Mavrodiev [[Tragopogon songoricus|''T. songoricus'']] S.A.Nikitin [[Tragopogon sosnowskyi|''T. sosnowskyi'']] Kuth. [[Tragopogon stribrnyi|''T. stribrnyi'']] Hayek [[Tragopogon stroterocarpus|''T. stroterocarpus'']] Rech.f. [[Tragopogon subacaulis|''T. subacaulis'']] O.Schwarz [[Tragopogon subalpinus|''T. subalpinus'']] S.A.Nikitin [[Tragopogon tanaiticus|''T. tanaiticus'']] Artemczuk [[Tragopogon tasch-kala|''T. tasch-kala'']] Kuth. [[Tragopogon tauricus|''T. tauricus'']] Klokov [[Tragopogon tesquicola|''T. tesquicola'']] Klokov [[Tragopogon tomentosulus|''T. tomentosulus'']] Boriss. [[Tragopogon tommasinii|''T. tommasinii'']] Sch.Bip. [[Tragopogon trachycarpus|''T. trachycarpus'']] S.A.Nikitin [[Tragopogon transcarpaticus|''T. transcarpaticus'']] Klokov [[Tragopogon transsilvanicus|''T. transsilvanicus'']] Hayek [[Tragopogon turkestanicus|''T. turkestanicus'']] S.A.Nikitin [[Tragopogon ucrainicus|''T. ucrainicus'']] Artemczuk [[Tragopogon vaginatus|''T. vaginatus'']] G.B.Ownbey & Rech.f. [[Tragopogon verrucosobracteatus|''T. verrucosobracteatus'']] C.H.An [[Tragopogon villosus|''T. villosus'']] L. [[Tragopogon vulgaris|''T. vulgaris'']] Gueldenst. [[Tragopogon vvedenskyi|''T. vvedenskyi'']] Popov [[Tragopogon xanthantherus|''T. xanthantherus'']] Klokov [[Tragopogon × crantzii|''T. × crantzii'']] Dichlt. - Crantz's salsify     [ ''dubius × pratensis'' ] [[Tragopogon × neohybridus|''T. × neohybridus'']] Farw. - newhybrid salsify     [ ''porrifolius × pratensis'' ] | |} ==Gallery== <gallery> Image:Upload.png| photo 1 Image:Upload.png| photo 2 Image:salsify.jpg| Image:salsify01.jpg| </gallery> ==References== *[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963    ==External links== *{{wplink}} {{stub}} __NOTOC__

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