Edit Plant: Syringa vulgaris

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'''''Syringa vulgaris''''' ('''Lilac''' or '''Common Lilac''') is a species of ''[[Syringa]]'' in the olive family [[Oleaceae]], native to the [[Balkan]] Peninsula in southeastern [[Europe]], where it grows on rocky hills.<ref name=rushforth>Rushforth, K. (1999). ''Trees of Britain and Europe''. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.</ref><ref name=mc>Med-Checklist: [http://ww2.bgbm.org/mcl/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=15581&PTRefFK=1276 ''Syringa vulgaris'']</ref><ref name=fe>Flora Europaea: [http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Syringa&SPECIES_XREF=vulgaris&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= ''Syringa vulgaris'']</ref> It is a large [[deciduous]] [[shrub]] or multi-stemmed small [[tree]], growing to 6–7 m high, producing secondary shoots ("suckers") with stem diameters of up to 20 cm from the base or roots, which in the course of decades may produce a small clonal thicket.<ref>In second-growth woodlands of New England, a thicket of lilac may be the first indication of the cellar-hole of a vanished nineteenth-century timber-framed farmhouse.</ref> The [[bark]] is grey to grey-brown, smooth on young stems, longitudinally furrowed and flaking on older stems. The [[leaf|leaves]] are simple, 4–12 cm long and 3–8 cm broad, light green to glaucous, oval to cordate, with pinnate leaf venation, a mucronate [[Meristem|apex]] and an entire margin. They are arranged in opposite pairs or occasionally in whorls of three. The [[flower]]s have a tubular base to the [[Corolla (flower)|corolla]] 6–10 mm long with an open four-lobed apex 5–8 mm across, usually [[lilac]] to [[mauve]], occasionally white. They are arranged in a dense, terminal [[panicle]] 8-18 cm long. The [[fruit]] is a dry, smooth brown [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]], 1–2 cm long, splitting in two to release the two winged [[seed]]s.<ref name=rushforth/><ref name=blamey>Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). ''Flora of Britain and Northern Europe''. ISBN 0-340-40170-2</ref> Common Lilac is a very common [[ornamental plant]] in gardens and parks, because of the attractive, sweet smell of its flowers. Most garden plants are [[cultivar]]s ("French Lilacs")<ref>Between 1876 and 1927, the nurseryman [[Victor Lemoine]] of Nancy introduced introduced over 153 named cultivars, many of them classics still in commerce; Lemoine's "French Lilacs" extended the limited color range towards lilac-pink and lilac-blue, and he also selected for deep, saturated hues and double-flowered "sports".</ref> with flowers varying from white to dark lilac; some have double flowers with the stamens replaced by extra petals. The cultivar 'Aurea' has yellowish foliage. The majority of garden cultivars do not exceed 4-5 m tall.<ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.</ref> There is no fall color and the seed clusters have no aesthetic appeal. Common lilac tends to flower profusely in alternate years, a habit that can be improved by deadheading the flower clusters after the color has faded and before seeds, few of which are fertile, form. At the same time twiggy growth on shoots that have flowered more than once or twice can be cut to a strong, outward-growing side shoot. It is widely [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalised]] in western and northern Europe.<ref name=blamey/> In a sign of its complete naturalization in North America, it has been selected as the [[list of U.S. state flowers|state flower]] of the state of [[New Hampshire]], because it "is symbolic of that hardy character of the men and women of the Granite State".<ref>New Hampshire Revised Statute Annotated (RSA) 3:5</ref> Additional hardiness, for Canadian gardens, was bred for in a series of ''S. vulgaris'' hybrids by Isabella Preston, who introduced many of the later-blooming varieties, whose later-developing flower-buds are better protected from late spring frosts; the ''Syringa x prestoniae'' hybrids range primarily in the pink and lavender shades.<ref>[http://www.chicagobotanic.org/plantinfo/pp/lilac.php Chicago Botanic Garden]</ref> {{Inc| Syringa vulgaris, Linn. Upright shrub or small tree, 20 ft. high: lvs. ovate, truncate or slightly cordate, acuminate, bright green, 2-4 in. long: fls. lilac, blue, purplish, or white, in large panicles. May. S. E. Eu. to Caucasus and Afghanistan; sometimes escaped from gardens in the eastern states.—The most important of the older original varieties are the following: Var. alba, Ait., branches yellowish gray: fls. white; buds yellowish green; blooms a week earlier than the other varieties. Var. caerulea, Ait. Fls. blue, in rather loose panicles. Var. rubra, Loud. Fls. purplish red, in large and rather dense panicles. Here belong also var. marlyensis, Hort., and Charles X. Var. violacea, Ait. Fls. violet-lilac, in rather loose panicles. Var. plena, Hort. With double fls. There are several varieties with variegated lvs., but these are hardly worth cultivating. {{SCH}} }} ==Cultivation== ===Propagation=== ===Pests and diseases=== In late summer, lilacs are attacked by [[powdery mildew]], specifically ''Erysiphe syringae'', one of the [[Erysiphaceae]].<ref>B. Ing, "An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews", in ''The Mycologist'' '''5'''.1 (1990:24-27).</ref> ==Varieties== ==Gallery== <gallery perrow=5> Image:Syringa.vulgaris(01).jpg|Flowers and heart-shaped leaves Image:VulgarisAlba1bbUME.jpg|''Syringa vulgaris'' 'Alba' Image:Syr.vulg.Charles Joly.jpg|''Syringa vulgaris'' 'Charles Joly' Image:SyringaVulgarisCorondel1a.UME.jpg|''Syringa vulgaris'' 'Corondel' Image:SyringaVulgarisEtna2b.UME.jpg|''Syringa vulgaris'' 'Etna' Image:SyringaVulgarisMmeFrancisqueMorel1UME.jpg|''Syringa vulgaris'' 'Mme. Francisque Morel' Image:SyringaVulgarisMarechalFock1a.UME.jpg|''Syringa vulgaris'' 'Maréchal Foch' Image:Vulgaris1b.UME.jpg|Lilac in flower Image:Jorgovan-pcela4.JPG Image:Lilas.JPG </gallery> ==References== <references/>    ==External links== *{{wplink}} {{stub}} __NOTOC__

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