Edit Plant: Tilia americana

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'''''Tilia americana''''' is a species of ''[[Tilia]]'', native to eastern [[North America]], from southeast [[Manitoba]] east to [[New Brunswick]], southwest to northeast [[Texas]], and southeast to [[South Carolina]], and west along the [[Niobrara River]] to [[Cherry County, Nebraska]].<ref name=usfs>U.S. Forest Service Silvis Manual: [http://na.fs.fed.us/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/tilia/americana.htm ''Tilia americana'']</ref><ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?36668 ''Tilia americana'']</ref> Common names include '''Basswood''' (also applied to other species of ''Tilia'' in the [[timber]] trade) and '''American Linden''' or the Lime-Tree. It is a medium-sized to large [[deciduous]] [[tree]] reaching a height of 60 to 120 ft (exceptionally 129 ft) with a trunk diameter of 3-4 ft at maturity. The crown is domed, the branches spreading, often pendulous. The [[bark]] is gray to light brown, with narrow, well defined fissures. The [[root]]s are large, deep, and spreading. The [[twig]]s are smooth, reddish-green, becoming light gray in their second year, finally dark brown or brownish gray, marked with dark wart-like excrescences. The winter buds are stout, ovate-acute, smooth, deep red, with two bud scales visible. The [[leaf|leaves]] are simple, alternately arranged, ovate to cordate, inequalateral at the base (the side nearest the branch the largest), 10-15 cm (can grow up to 25 cm) long and broad, with a long, slender petiole, a coarsely serrated margin and an acuminate apex. They open from the bud conduplicate, pale green, downy; when full grown are dark green, smooth, shining above, paler beneath, with tufts of rusty brown hairs in the axils of the primary veins; the small [[stipule]]s fall soon after leaf opening. The fall color is yellow-green to yellow. Both the twigs and leaves contain [[mucilage|mucilaginous]] sap. The [[flower]]s are small, fragrant, yellowish-white, 10–14 mm diameter, arranged in drooping, [[inflorescence|cymose]] clusters of 6–20 with a whitish-green leaf-like [[bract]] attached for half its length at the base of the cyme; they are perfect, regular, with five sepals and petals, numerous stamens, and a five-celled superior ovary. Flowering is in early to mid summer; pollination is by [[bee]]s. The [[fruit]] is a small, globose, downy, hard and dry cream-colored nutlet with a diameter of 8-10 mm.<ref name=usfs/><ref name=nrcs>USDA NRCS Tree Guide: [http://www.plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/cs_tiama.pdf ''Tilia americana'' (pdf file)]</ref><ref name=Keeler>{{cite book | last =Keeler | first =H. L. | title =Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them | publisher =Charles Scriber's Sons | date =1900 | location =New York | pages =24–31 }}</ref> It is recommended as an ornamental tree when the mass of foliage or a deep shade is desired; no native tree surpasses it in this respect. It is often planted on the windward side of an orchard as a protection to young and delicate trees.<ref name=Keeler/> It is cultivated at least as far north as [[Juneau, Alaska]].<ref>Juneau: [http://www.silverbowinn.com/downtown_tree_guide%20final%2006.pdf Downtown Juneau Tree Guide]</ref> The foliage and flowers are both edible, though many prefer only to eat the tender young leaves. It is a beneficial species for attracting pollinators as well. Bees produce excellent honey from its blossoms. {{Inc| Tilia americana, Linn. (T. glabra, Vent.). Tree, to 120 ft.: young branchlets glabrous, green: lvs. broadly ovate, abruptly acuminate, cordate or truncate at the base, coarsely serrate, the teeth long-pointed, dark green above, light green beneath with tufts of hairs in the axils of the lateral veins, but wanting at the base, 4-6 in. long, turning yellow in autumn: cymes pendulous, many-fld.: bract stalked, tapering toward the base: staminodes present: fr. ovoid or globose, without ribs, tomentose, thick-shelled. July. Canada, south to Va. and Ala., west to N. Dak., Kans., and E. Texas. Var. macrophylla, Hort. (var. mississippiensis, Hort.). A large-lvd. form. —This species is frequently planted as an avenue tree. Its wood is much used in the manufacture of woodenware, cheap furniture, panels of carriages, and also of paper pulp. {{SCH}} }} ==Cultivation== {{edit-cult}} ===Propagation=== It may be propagated by cuttings and grafting as well as by seed. ===Pests and diseases=== subject to the attacks of many insect enemies ==Varieties== [[Cultivars]] include 'Nova', 'Duros' (with an upright crown), the pyramidal 'Frontyard' and the conic-crowned 'Redmond'. ==Gallery== {{photo-sources}} <gallery> File:AmericanBasswood.JPG Image:Upload.png| photo 1 Image:Upload.png| photo 2 Image:Upload.png| photo 3 </gallery> ==References== *[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963    ==External links== *{{wplink}} {{stub}} __NOTOC__

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