Edit Plant: Vachellia farnesiana

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'''''Vachellia farnesiana''''', previously known as '''''Acacia farnesiana''''', commonly known as '''Needle Bush''', is so named because of the numerous thorns distributed along its branches. The native range of ''V. farnesiana'' is uncertain. While the point of origin is [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]] the species has a pantropical distribution incorporating Northern [[Australia]] and Southern [[Asia]]. It remains unclear whether the extra-American distribution is primarily natural or anthropogenic.<ref>Clarke, H.D., Seigler, D.S., Ebinger, J.E. 1989; 'Acacia farnesiana (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) and Related Species from Mexico, the Southwestern U.S., and the Caribbean' Systematic Botany 14 549-564</ref> It is [[deciduous]] over part of its range,<ref>[http://cals.arizona.edu/pubs/crops/az1359/az13592b.pdf PDF] Ursula K. Schuch and Margaret Norem, Growth of Legume Tree Species Growing in the Southwestern United States, University of Arizona.</ref> but [[evergreen]] in most locales.<ref>[http://pick5.pick.uga.edu/mp/20q?search=Acacia+farnesiana&guide=North_American_Invasives Discover Life - Fabaceae: Acacia farnesiana (L. ) Willd. - Cassie Flower, Vachellia farnesiana, Poponax farnesiana, Mimosa farnesiana, Ellington Curse, Klu, Sweet Acacia, Mimosa Bush, Huisache]</ref> The species grows to a height of up to {{convert|8|m|ft}}<ref name="purdue">[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Acacia_farnesiana.html Purdue University]</ref> and has a life span of about 25–50 years.<ref name="www">[http://www.worldwidewattle.com/infogallery/utilisation/acaciasearch/pdf/salicina.pdf Acacia Search]</ref> The plant has been recently{{When|Date=November 2009}} spread to many new locations as a result of human activity and it is considered a serious [[weed]] in [[Fiji]], where locals call it '''Ellington's Curse'''. It thrives in dry, [[Soil salinity|saline]] or sodic soils. It is also a serious pest plant in parts of Australia, including north-west New South Wales, where it now infests thousands of acres of grazing country.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.northwestweeds.nsw.gov.au/mimosa_bush.htm |title=Mimosa bush - briar bush |publisher=www.northwestweeds.nsw.gov.au |accessdate=2008-04-09 |last= |first= }} </ref> The taxon name "''farnesiana''" is specially named after [[Odoardo Cardinal Farnese]] (1573–1626) of the notable Italian [[Farnese]] family which, after 1550, under the patronage of cardinal [[Alessandro Farnese (cardinal)|Alessandro Farnese]], maintained some of the first private European botanical gardens in Rome, in the 16th and 17th centuries. Under stewardship of these [[Farnese Gardens]] this acacia was imported to Italy. The addition of the -ol in the compound ending is a result of it being chemically an alcohol.<ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/farnesol Etymology of farnesol, accessed August 27, 2009.</ref> The plant itself was brought to the Farnese Gardens from the Caribbean and Central America, where it originates.<ref name="swsbm.com">[http://www.swsbm.com/AJP/AJP_1885_No_3.pdf HENRY TRIMBLE AND F. D. MACFARLAND., AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY, Volume 57, #3, March, 1885]</ref><ref>http://www.gardenvisit.com/garden/farnese_gardens. Location of the Farnese family gardens, now known only as a remnant.</ref> Analysis of essences of the floral extract from this plant, long used in perfumery, resulted in the name for the [[sesquiterpene]] biosynthetic chemical [[farnesol]], found as a basic sterol precursor in plants, and cholesterol precursor in animals.<ref name="swsbm.com"/>. {{Inc| Vachellia farnesiana. (many synonyms). Much-branching shrub, 6-10ft.: stipules straight, slender, sometimes minute spines; pinnae 5-8 pairs; lfts. mostly 10-25 pairs, 1-2 lines long, narrow, linear, glabrous: peduncles 2 or 3 in the older axils; fl.-heads large, globular, deep yellow, very fragrant, pods almost terete, indehiscent, at length turgid and pulpy. Feb., March. Texas, Mex., Asia, Afr. and Austral. Grown in France for perfumery.—Its origin is probably American, but it is now naturalized in nearly every tropical country. It was intro. into the Hawaiian Isls. as an ornamental, but escaped from cult, and has now almost become a pest. A new variety of Vachellia farnesiana has been discovered which is more hardy than the type and grows more rapidly. It produces two crops of fls. a year, which makes it very lucrative for the making of perfumery. The pods are said to contain a tannin.{{SCH}} }} ==Cultivation== {{edit-cult}} ===Propagation=== {{edit-prop}} ===Pests and diseases=== {{edit-pests}} ==Varieties== *[[Acacia farnesiana var. farnesiana|''Acacia farnesiana'' (L.) Willd. var. ''farnesiana'']] *''Acacia farnesiana'' (L.) Willd. var. ''guanacastensis'' H.D.Clarke et al. Common names include{{wp}}: '''Farnese Wattle''', '''Dead Finish''', '''Mimosa Wattle''', '''Mimosa bush''', '''Prickly Mimosa Bush''', '''Prickly Moses''', '''Needle Bush''', '''North-west Curara''', '''Sheep's Briar''', '''Sponge Wattle''', '''Sweet Acacia''', '''Thorny Acacia''', '''Thorny Feather Wattle''', '''Wild Briar''', '''Huisache''', '''Cassie''', '''Cascalotte''', '''Cassic''', '''Mealy Wattle''', '''Popinac''', '''Sweet Briar''', '''Texas Huisache''', '''Aroma''', ([[Bahamas]]) '''Cashia''', (Bahamas, [[USA]]) '''Opoponax''', '''Cashaw''', ([[Belize]]) '''Cuntich''', ([[Jamaica]]) '''Cassie-flower''', '''Cassie''', '''Iron Wood''', '''Cassie Flower''', '''Honey-ball''', '''Casha Tree''', '''Casha''', ([[Virgin Islands]]) '''Cassia''', ([[Fiji]]) '''Ellington's Curse''', ''Acacia farnesiana'', ''Acacia leptophylla'', ''Acacia acicularis'', ''Acacia farnesiana'' var. ''lenticellata'', ''Acacia indica'', ''Acacia lenticellata'', ''Acacia minuta'', ''Acacia minuta'' subsp. ''minuta'', ''Farnesia odora'', ''Farnesiana odora'', ''Mimosa acicularis'', ''Mimosa farnesiana'', ''Mimosa indica'', ''Mimosa suaveolens'', ''Pithecellobium acuminatum'', ''Pithecellobium minutum'', ''Popanax farnesiana'', ''Poponax farnesiana'' ==Gallery== {{photo-sources}} <gallery> Image:Acacia-minuta-bark.jpg|Bark and Thorns of ''Vachellia farnesiana'' Image:Acfa 002 lhp.jpg|Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Willd. - sweet acacia seeds Image:Upload.png| photo 1 Image:Upload.png| photo 2 Image:Upload.png| photo 3 </gallery> ==References== *[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963    ==External links== *{{wplink}} {{stub}} __NOTOC__

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