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'''''Vernonia''''' is a genus of about 1000 [[species]] of [[forb]]s and [[shrub]]s in the family [[Asteraceae]]. Some species are sometimes known as '''ironweeds'''. Some species are edible and of economic value. They are known for having intense [[purple]] flowers. The genus is named for English botanist [[William Vernon (botanist)|William Vernon]]. Several species of ''Vernonia'', including ''V. calvoana'', ''V. amygdalina'', and ''V. colorata'', are eaten as [[leaf vegetable]]s. Common names for these species include '''bitterleaf''', '''ewuro''', and '''ndole'''. {{Inc| Vernonia (after Wm. Vernon, an English botanist who traveled in North America). Compositae. Iron-weed. Perennial herbs or in the tropics shrubs and trees. Leaves alternate, pinnately veined: fls. usually purple or rose, borne in the following species in terminal cymes: heads not glomerate, several to many exclusively tubular-fid.: involucre of dry or partly herbaceous, much-imbricated bracts: corolla regularly 5-cleft into narrow lobes: achenes 8-10-ribbed, with a blunt apex and a cartilaginous, callous base; pappus double (at least in American species).—About 560 species widely scattered about the world, but is possibly most plentiful in S. Amer. The latest monograph is that by H. A. Gleason in Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4:144-243, 1906. The following species are native of the U. S., and are hardy perennial herbs of attractive appearance, with rather large heads of purple fls. in terminal clusters in late summer or early fall. Vernonias are of easy cult. in any good, rich border, being easily prop. by division. Very satisfactory groupings can be made with vernonias and native asters and goldenrods. V. Arechavaletae, Andre. Glabrous shrub, 3-6 ft. high: lvs. sessile, leathery, linear-lanceolate: fl.-heads reddish violet. Uruguay. —V. gigantea. Hort. Robust: fl. -heads in panicles, carmine or violet-rose. }} ==Cultivation== <!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line --> ===Propagation=== <!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line --> ===Pests and diseases=== <!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line --> ==Species== [[Image:Vernonia baldwinii.jpg|thumb|200px|Vernonia baldwinii]] There are numerous distinct subgenra and subsections in this [[genus]]. This has lead some botanists to divided this large genus into smaller groups which separate the species into distinct genra. Species of this genus are found in [[South America]], [[Africa]], s.e. [[Asia]], and [[North America]]. ''Vernonia'' species are well known for [[hybrid]]izing between similar species in areas of overlapping ranges. There are approximately 1000 species of ''Vernonia'', a partial species list is given below. [[Vernonia (list of Species)|Click here for a full species list]]. North America: *''[[Vernonia acaulis]]'' *''[[Vernonia altissima]] *''[[Vernonia arkansana]]'' *''[[Vernonia angustifolia]]'' *''[[Vernonia baldwinii]]'' *''[[Vernonia blodgettii]]'' *''[[Vernonia fasciculata]]'' *''[[Vernonia flaccidifolia]]'' *''[[Vernonia gigantea]]'' *''[[Vernonia glauca]]'' *''[[Vernonia larseniae]]'' *''[[Vernonia lettermannii]]'' *''[[Vernonia lindheimeri]]'' *''[[Vernonia marginata]]'' *''[[Vernonia missurica]]'' *''[[Vernonia noveboracensis]]'' *''[[Vernonia pulchella]]'' *''[[Vernonia texana]]'' Africa: *''[[Vernonia amygdalina]]'' *''[[Vernonia calvoana]]'' *''[[Vernonia colorata]]'' *''[[Vernonia galamensis]]'' *''[[Vernonia staehelinoides]]'' ==Gallery== {{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery --> <gallery> Image:Upload.png| photo 1 Image:Upload.png| photo 2 Image:Upload.png| photo 3 </gallery> ==References== *[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963 <!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --> <!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --> <!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --> ==External links== *{{wplink}} {{stub}} __NOTOC__
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