Edit Plant: Zizania

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{{Inc| Zizania (an old Greek name of some wild grain). Gramineae. Tall aquatic grasses with lush sts., long blades, and large terminal panicles of monoecious fls.: spikelets 1-fld., the pistillate upper portion of the panicle narrow and appressed, the staminate lower portion spreading; pistillate spikelets long-awned.—Species 3, 2 in N. Amer. and 1 in N. Asia. }} Genus of 3 species of annual or perennial, marginal aquatic grasses. Originally from the marshland and lakeshores of E. Asia and North America. Cultivated for their linear, flat leaves which are on tall and reedy stems. Pyramidical or conical, feathery panicles of spikelets are borne from summer to autumn, followed by edible seeds which are rice-like. Plants are suitable for large ponds or wildlife pools. They can be grown in a warm greenhouse where they are not hardy. ==Cultivation== Outdoors, grow at the edge of a large pool under full sun, under about 9in (23cm) of water. ===Propagation=== Seeds should be overwintered in trays of damp loam. Sow in early spring at 64F (18C). When seedling emerge, cover them with 2in (5cm) of water and maintain the same temperature. When all danger of frost is passed, they can be planted outdoors. ===Pests and diseases=== Leaf smut, ergot and fungal spots. ==Species== '''Wild rice''' is any of the four species of plants that make up the genus '''''Zizania''''' (common names: ''Canada rice'', ''Indian rice'', and ''water oats''), a group of [[Poaceae|grasses]] that grow in shallow [[water]] in small [[lake]]s and slow-flowing [[stream]]s; often, only the flowering head of wild rice rises above the water. The genus is closely related to true [[rice]], genus [[Oryza]], which is also a grass, and shares the [[tribe (biology)|tribe]] [[Oryzeae]]. Three species of wild rice are native to [[North America]]: * '''Northern wild rice''' (''Zizania palustris'') is an [[annual plant]] native to the [[Great Lakes (North America)|Great Lakes]] region of North America, the aquatic areas of the [[Boreal forest of Canada|Boreal Forest]] regions of [[Alberta]], [[Saskatchewan]] and [[Manitoba]]. Northern wild rice is the [[state symbols|state grain]] of the [[United States|U.S.]] [[state (United States)|state]] of [[Minnesota]]. * '''Wild rice''' (''Z. aquatica''), also an annual, grows in the [[Saint Lawrence River]] and on the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] and [[Gulf of Mexico|Gulf]] coasts of the [[United States]]. * '''Texas wild rice''' (''Z. texana'') is a [[perennial plant]] only found in a small area along the [[San Marcos River]] in central [[Texas]]. One species is native to [[Asia]]: * '''Manchurian wild rice''' (''Z. latifolia''; incorrect synonym: ''Z. caduciflora''), is a perennial native to [[China]]. Texas wild rice is in danger of [[extinction]] due to loss of suitable habitat in its limited range and to [[pollution]]. The pollen of Texas wild rice can only travel about 30 inches away from a parent plant. If pollen does not land on a receptive female flower within that distance, no seeds are produced.<ref>[http://newswise.com/articles/view/542638/ Pollination Habits of Endangered Rice Revealed to Help Preservation] Newswise, Retrieved on July 15, 2008.</ref> Manchurian wild rice has almost disappeared from the wild in its native range, but has been accidentally introduced into the wild in [[New Zealand]] and is considered an [[invasive species]] there[http://www.niwascience.co.nz/ncabb/abb/2003-05/invader]. ''[[Zizania aquatica]]'' (Annual wild rice, Canadian wild rice, Water rice). Marginal aquatic annual plant with linear, grass-like leaves, deep green in color, up to 4ft (1.2m) long. Flowers are a pale green, and born upon pyramidal panicles, to 30cm (75cm) long in the summer, after which edible, rice-like seeds develop. Up to 10ft (3m) in height, 18in (45cm) in width. Native to N. America. USDA Zones 3-9 <br> ''[[Zizania latifolia]]''<br> ''[[Zizania palustris]]''<br> ''[[Texas Wild-rice|Zizania texana]]'' *''[[Zizania aquatica]]'' L. **''[[Zizania aquatica var. angustifolia]]'' Hitchc. ***''[[Zizania aquatica subsp. angustifolia]]'' (Hitchc.) Tzvelev **''[[Zizania aquatica var. aquatica]]'' ***''[[Zizania aquatica subsp. aquatica]]'' **''[[Zizania aquatica var. brevis]]'' Fassett ***''[[Zizania aquatica subsp. brevis]]'' (Fassett) S.L. Chen **''[[Zizania aquatica var. interior]]'' Fassett **''[[Zizania aquatica var. latifolia]]'' (Griseb.) Kom. **''[[Zizania aquatica var. subbrevis]]'' B. Boivin *''[[Zizania aristata]]'' (Retz.) Kunth *''[[Zizania bonariensis]]'' Balansa & Poitr. *''[[Zizania caduciflora]]'' (Turcz. ex Trin.) Hand.-Mazz. *''[[Zizania ciliata]]'' (Retz.) Spreng. *''[[Zizania clavulosa]]'' Michx. *''[[Zizania dahurica]]'' Turcz. ex Steud. *''[[Zizania effusa]]'' Sm. *''[[Zizania fluitans]]'' Michx. *''[[Zizania interior]]'' (Fassett) Rydb. *''[[Zizania latifolia]]'' (Griseb.) Turcz. ex Stapf *''[[Zizania lenticularis]]'' (Michx.) Steud. *''[[Zizania mezii]]'' Prod. *''[[Zizania microstachya]]'' Nees ex Trin. *''[[Zizania miliacea]]'' Michx. *''[[Zizania mutica]]'' Larrañaga *''[[Zizania palustris]]'' L. **''[[Zizania palustris var. interior]]'' (Fassett) Dore ***''[[Zizania palustris subsp. interior]]'' (Fassett) S.L. Chen **''[[Zizania palustris var. palustris]]'' ***''[[Zizania palustris subsp. palustris]]'' *''[[Zizania subtilis]]'' (Tratt.) Raspail *''[[Zizania terrestris]]'' L. *''[[Zizania texana]]'' Hitchc. ==Gallery== <gallery> Image:Upload.png| photo 1 Image:Upload.png| photo 2 Image:Upload.png| photo 3 Image:Wildriceharvesting19thcentury.svg|Harvesting wild rice. Image:wildriceraw.jpg|Uncooked wild rice. Image:wildricecooked.jpg|Cooked wild rice. </gallery> ==References== *[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963    ==External links== *{{wplink}} {{stub}} __NOTOC__

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