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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Pandanus''
| image = Pandanus utilis fruit.JPG
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = Fruit of ''[[Pandanus utilis]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Pandanales]]
| familia = [[Pandanaceae]]
| genus = '''''Pandanus'''''
| genus_authority = [[Sydney C. Parkinson|Parkinson]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}
'''''Pandanus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[monocot]]s with about 600 known [[species]]. Plants vary in size from small shrubs less than 1 m tall, up to medium-sized trees 20 m tall, typically with a broad canopy and moderate growth rate. The trunk is stout, wide-branching, and ringed with many leaf scars. They commonly have many thick prop roots near the base, which provide support as the tree grows top-heavy with leaves, fruit, and branches. The leaves are strap-shaped, varying between species from 30 cm up to 2 m or more long, and from 1.5 cm up to 10 cm broad.
They are [[plant sexuality|dioecious]], with male and female flowers produced on different plants. The flowers of the male tree are 2-3 cm long and fragrant, surrounded by narrow, white bracts. The female tree produces flowers with round fruits that are also bract-surrounded. The fruits are globose, 10 to 20 cm in diameter, and have many prism-like sections, resembling the fruit of the [[pineapple]]. Typically, the fruit changes from green to bright orange or red as it matures. The fruit is edible.
;Selected species
{|
|- valign=top
|
*''[[Pandanus affinis]]''
*''[[Pandanus aldabraensis]]''
*''[[Pandanus amaryllifolius]]''
*''[[Pandanus atrocarpus]]''
*''[[Pandanus austrosinensis]]''
*''[[Pandanus balfourii]]''
*''[[Pandanus baptistii]]''
*''[[Pandanus boninensis]]''
*''[[Pandanus butayei]]''
*''[[Pandanus carmichaelii]]''
*''[[Pandanus clandestinus]]''
*''[[Pandanus conoideus]]''
*''[[Pandanus copelandii]]''
*''[[Pandanus corallinus]]''
*''[[Pandanus decastigma]]''
*''[[Pandanus decipiens]]''
*''[[Pandanus decumbens]]''
*''[[Pandanus dubius]]''
*''[[Pandanus fascicularis]]''
*''[[Pandanus furcatus]]''
*''[[Pandanus graminifolius]]''
*''[[Pandanus gressitii]]''
*''[[Pandanus halleorum]]''
*''[[Pandanus humilis]]''
*''[[Pandanus hornei]]''
*''[[Pandanus joskei]]''
|
*''[[Pandanus kajui]]''
*''[[Pandanus labyrinthicus]]''
*''[[Pandanus lacuum]]''
*''[[Pandanus leram]]''
*''[[Pandanus linguiformis]]''
*''[[Pandanus luzonensis]]''
*''[[Pandanus microcarpus]]''
*''[[Pandanus multispicatus]]''
*''[[Pandanus nepalensis]]''
*''[[Pandanus odoratus]]''
*''[[Pandanus palustris]]''
*''[[Pandanus papenooensis]]''
*''[[Pandanus parvicentralis]]''
*''[[Pandanus parvus]]''
*''[[Pandanus petersii]]''
*''[[Pandanus polycephalus]]''
*''[[Pandanus punicularis]]''
*''[[Pandanus pygmaeus]]''
*''[[Pandanus pyramidalis]]''
*''[[Pandanus sanderi]]''
*''[[Pandanus sechellarum]]''
*''[[Pandanus spiralis]]''
*''[[Pandanus taveuniensis]]''
*''[[Pandanus tectorius]]''
*''[[Pandanus temehaniensis]]''
*''[[Pandanus teuszii]]''
*''[[Pandanus thomensis]]''
*''[[Pandanus utilis]]''
*''[[Pandanus vandermeeschii]]''
*''[[Pandanus veitchii]]''
*''[[Pandanus verecundus]]''
*''[[Pandanus whitmeeanus]]''
|}
''P. odoratissimus'' is used for ''P. fascicularis'' or ''P. tectorius''.
==Cultivation and uses==
Pandan (''[[Pandanus amaryllifolius|P. amaryllifolius]]'') leaves are used in [[cuisine of Southeast Asia|Southeast Asian cooking]] to add a distinct [[aroma]] to [[rice]] and [[curry]] dishes such as ''[[nasi lemak]]'', [[Kaya (jam)|''kaya'' ('jam')]] [[jam|preserves]], and [[dessert]]s such as [[pandan (cake)|pandan cake]]. They are known as ''daun pandan'' in [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] and 斑蘭 (bān lán) in [[Mandarin (linguistics)|Mandarin]]. Fresh leaves are typically torn into strips, tied in a knot to facilitate removal, placed in the cooking liquid, then removed at the end of cooking. Dried leaves and bottled extract may be bought in some places.
Throughout [[Oceania]] almost every part of the plant is used, with various species different from those used in [[Southeast Asia]]n cooking. Pandanus trees provide materials for housing, [[clothing]] and [[textile]]s, [[food]], [[medication]], [[decoration]]s, [[fishing]], [[religion|religious uses]] and the manufacture of [[Dillybag|Dilly Bags]] (carrying bags). Most important are the mats, which are handwoven from the dried leaves.
Pandan is said to be a restorative, deodorant, indolent and phylactic, promoting a feeling of wellbeing and acting as a counter to tropical lassitude. It may be chewed as a breath sweetener or used as a preservative on foods. It is also said to have [[flavonoids]] which are believed to have a variety of healthful properties, including antiviral, anti-[[Allergy|allergen]], antiplatelet, [[anti-inflammatory]], and [[antioxidant]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
;Vernacular names
* Chamorro: åkgak (P. tectorius), påhong (P. dubius), kafo', paingut, akå'on
* Chinese (Cantonese): Baan laahn, Chan heung laahn, Chat yihp laahn, Heung lahm tauh
* Chinese (Mandarin): 班兰 (班蘭) [bān lán], Chen xiang lan, Qi ye lan, Xiang lin tou
* Czech: Pandán
* Danish: Skruepalme
* Dhivehi: Raabaa
* Dutch: Schroefpalm, Pandan
* English: Pandanus, Screwpine, Umbrella tree, Screw tree
* Estonian: Lõhnav pandan
* Finnish: Kairapalmu
* French: Pandanus
* German: Schraubenbaum, Schraubenpalme
* Hawaiian: Hala
* Hebrew: הפאנדאנוס, Ha-pandanus (refers to entire genus)
* Hindi: Ambemohor pat, Rampe
* Hungarian: Pandanusz levél, Panpung levél, Csavarpálma levél
* Indonesian: Pandan
* Italian: Pandano
* Japanese: Nioi-takonoki, Nioi-adan
* Kapampangan: Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius), Pandan Lalaqui (Pandanus utilis )
* Khmer: Taey
* Korean: Pandanusu (판다누스)
* Laotian: Tey Ban, Tey hom
* Lithuanian: Amarilinis pandanas
* Malay: Pandan Wangi
* Marshallese: Pob
* Persian: کادی (Kādì)
* Philippines: Pandan
* Polish: Pandan, Pochutnik
* Portuguese: Pândano (Brazil), Pándano (Portugal)
* [[Samoan language|Sāmoan]]: Fala
* Singhalese: Rampe
* Spanish: Pandan, Pandano
* Tagalog: Pandan, Pandan mabango
* [[Tahitian language|Tahitian]]: Fara, Hinano
* Thai: ใบเตย, เตยหอม, เตย, Panae-wo-nging, Bai Toey, Toey-hom, Toey
* [[Tongan language|Tongan]]: Fā (plus many more names for different varieties, leaves, flowers, etc.)
* Vietnamese: Cây cơm nếp, Dứa thơm, Lá dứa, Cay com nep
:''Source'' [http://www.uni-graz.at/~katzer/engl/Pand_ama.html]
==See also==
*[[Psychedelic plants]]
==External links and references==
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?8790 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Pandanus'']
*[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Pandanus.html Sorting ''Pandanus'' names]
*Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R., & Sohmer, S. H. (1990). ''Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai`i''.
*[http://home.austarnet.com.au/davekimble/pandanus.htm Pandanus species of the Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia ] photos and text by Dave Kimble
* [http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/photo717429.htm Northernmost pandanus in the world, in the Azores Islands, photo].
{{Commonscat|Pandanaceae}}
[[Category:Pandanales]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Pandanus''
| image = Pandanus utilis fruit.JPG
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = Fruit of ''[[Pandanus utilis]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Pandanales]]
| familia = [[Pandanaceae]]
| genus = '''''Pandanus'''''
| genus_authority = [[Sydney C. Parkinson|Parkinson]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}
'''''Pandanus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[monocot]]s with about 600 known [[species]]. Plants vary in size from small shrubs less than 1 m tall, up to medium-sized trees 20 m tall, typically with a broad canopy and moderate growth rate. The trunk is stout, wide-branching, and ringed with many leaf scars. They commonly have many thick prop roots near the base, which provide support as the tree grows top-heavy with leaves, fruit, and branches. The leaves are strap-shaped, varying between species from 30 cm up to 2 m or more long, and from 1.5 cm up to 10 cm broad.
They are [[plant sexuality|dioecious]], with male and female flowers produced on different plants. The flowers of the male tree are 2-3 cm long and fragrant, surrounded by narrow, white bracts. The female tree produces flowers with round fruits that are also bract-surrounded. The fruits are globose, 10 to 20 cm in diameter, and have many prism-like sections, resembling the fruit of the [[pineapple]]. Typically, the fruit changes from green to bright orange or red as it matures. The fruit is edible.
;Selected species
{|
|- valign=top
|
*''[[Pandanus affinis]]''
*''[[Pandanus aldabraensis]]''
*''[[Pandanus amaryllifolius]]''
*''[[Pandanus atrocarpus]]''
*''[[Pandanus austrosinensis]]''
*''[[Pandanus balfourii]]''
*''[[Pandanus baptistii]]''
*''[[Pandanus boninensis]]''
*''[[Pandanus butayei]]''
*''[[Pandanus carmichaelii]]''
*''[[Pandanus clandestinus]]''
*''[[Pandanus conoideus]]''
*''[[Pandanus copelandii]]''
*''[[Pandanus corallinus]]''
*''[[Pandanus decastigma]]''
*''[[Pandanus decipiens]]''
*''[[Pandanus decumbens]]''
*''[[Pandanus dubius]]''
*''[[Pandanus fascicularis]]''
*''[[Pandanus furcatus]]''
*''[[Pandanus graminifolius]]''
*''[[Pandanus gressitii]]''
*''[[Pandanus halleorum]]''
*''[[Pandanus humilis]]''
*''[[Pandanus hornei]]''
*''[[Pandanus joskei]]''
|
*''[[Pandanus kajui]]''
*''[[Pandanus labyrinthicus]]''
*''[[Pandanus lacuum]]''
*''[[Pandanus leram]]''
*''[[Pandanus linguiformis]]''
*''[[Pandanus luzonensis]]''
*''[[Pandanus microcarpus]]''
*''[[Pandanus multispicatus]]''
*''[[Pandanus nepalensis]]''
*''[[Pandanus odoratus]]''
*''[[Pandanus palustris]]''
*''[[Pandanus papenooensis]]''
*''[[Pandanus parvicentralis]]''
*''[[Pandanus parvus]]''
*''[[Pandanus petersii]]''
*''[[Pandanus polycephalus]]''
*''[[Pandanus punicularis]]''
*''[[Pandanus pygmaeus]]''
*''[[Pandanus pyramidalis]]''
*''[[Pandanus sanderi]]''
*''[[Pandanus sechellarum]]''
*''[[Pandanus spiralis]]''
*''[[Pandanus taveuniensis]]''
*''[[Pandanus tectorius]]''
*''[[Pandanus temehaniensis]]''
*''[[Pandanus teuszii]]''
*''[[Pandanus thomensis]]''
*''[[Pandanus utilis]]''
*''[[Pandanus vandermeeschii]]''
*''[[Pandanus veitchii]]''
*''[[Pandanus verecundus]]''
*''[[Pandanus whitmeeanus]]''
|}
''P. odoratissimus'' is used for ''P. fascicularis'' or ''P. tectorius''.
==Cultivation and uses==
Pandan (''[[Pandanus amaryllifolius|P. amaryllifolius]]'') leaves are used in [[cuisine of Southeast Asia|Southeast Asian cooking]] to add a distinct [[aroma]] to [[rice]] and [[curry]] dishes such as ''[[nasi lemak]]'', [[Kaya (jam)|''kaya'' ('jam')]] [[jam|preserves]], and [[dessert]]s such as [[pandan (cake)|pandan cake]]. They are known as ''daun pandan'' in [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] and 斑蘭 (bān lán) in [[Mandarin (linguistics)|Mandarin]]. Fresh leaves are typically torn into strips, tied in a knot to facilitate removal, placed in the cooking liquid, then removed at the end of cooking. Dried leaves and bottled extract may be bought in some places.
Throughout [[Oceania]] almost every part of the plant is used, with various species different from those used in [[Southeast Asia]]n cooking. Pandanus trees provide materials for housing, [[clothing]] and [[textile]]s, [[food]], [[medication]], [[decoration]]s, [[fishing]], [[religion|religious uses]] and the manufacture of [[Dillybag|Dilly Bags]] (carrying bags). Most important are the mats, which are handwoven from the dried leaves.
Pandan is said to be a restorative, deodorant, indolent and phylactic, promoting a feeling of wellbeing and acting as a counter to tropical lassitude. It may be chewed as a breath sweetener or used as a preservative on foods. It is also said to have [[flavonoids]] which are believed to have a variety of healthful properties, including antiviral, anti-[[Allergy|allergen]], antiplatelet, [[anti-inflammatory]], and [[antioxidant]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
;Vernacular names
* Chamorro: åkgak (P. tectorius), påhong (P. dubius), kafo', paingut, akå'on
* Chinese (Cantonese): Baan laahn, Chan heung laahn, Chat yihp laahn, Heung lahm tauh
* Chinese (Mandarin): 班兰 (班蘭) [bān lán], Chen xiang lan, Qi ye lan, Xiang lin tou
* Czech: Pandán
* Danish: Skruepalme
* Dhivehi: Raabaa
* Dutch: Schroefpalm, Pandan
* English: Pandanus, Screwpine, Umbrella tree, Screw tree
* Estonian: Lõhnav pandan
* Finnish: Kairapalmu
* French: Pandanus
* German: Schraubenbaum, Schraubenpalme
* Hawaiian: Hala
* Hebrew: הפאנדאנוס, Ha-pandanus (refers to entire genus)
* Hindi: Ambemohor pat, Rampe
* Hungarian: Pandanusz levél, Panpung levél, Csavarpálma levél
* Indonesian: Pandan
* Italian: Pandano
* Japanese: Nioi-takonoki, Nioi-adan
* Kapampangan: Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius), Pandan Lalaqui (Pandanus utilis )
* Khmer: Taey
* Korean: Pandanusu (판다누스)
* Laotian: Tey Ban, Tey hom
* Lithuanian: Amarilinis pandanas
* Malay: Pandan Wangi
* Marshallese: Pob
* Persian: کادی (Kādì)
* Philippines: Pandan
* Polish: Pandan, Pochutnik
* Portuguese: Pândano (Brazil), Pándano (Portugal)
* [[Samoan language|Sāmoan]]: Fala
* Singhalese: Rampe
* Spanish: Pandan, Pandano
* Tagalog: Pandan, Pandan mabango
* [[Tahitian language|Tahitian]]: Fara, Hinano
* Thai: ใบเตย, เตยหอม, เตย, Panae-wo-nging, Bai Toey, Toey-hom, Toey
* [[Tongan language|Tongan]]: Fā (plus many more names for different varieties, leaves, flowers, etc.)
* Vietnamese: Cây cơm nếp, Dứa thơm, Lá dứa, Cay com nep
:''Source'' [http://www.uni-graz.at/~katzer/engl/Pand_ama.html]
==See also==
*[[Psychedelic plants]]
==External links and references==
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?8790 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Pandanus'']
*[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Pandanus.html Sorting ''Pandanus'' names]
*Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R., & Sohmer, S. H. (1990). ''Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai`i''.
*[http://home.austarnet.com.au/davekimble/pandanus.htm Pandanus species of the Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia ] photos and text by Dave Kimble
* [http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/photo717429.htm Northernmost pandanus in the world, in the Azores Islands, photo].
{{Commonscat|Pandanaceae}}
[[Category:Pandanales]]
